2001 Misuari rebellion

2001 Misuari rebellion
	Part of the Moro conflict
	; Nur Misuari in 2009
Date	November 19–22, 2001
Location	began in Jolo, Sulu, Philippines 6°02′51″N121°00′32″E / 6.0474°N 121.0090°E
Result	Philippine government victory
Belligerents
Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines ;	Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction)
Commanders and leaders
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo	Nur Misuari
Casualties and losses
	100 – 160 combatants and civilians killed or wounded

Last updated February 08, 2024

The 2001 rebellion of the Moro National Liberation Front Misuari faction against the Philippine government during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was led by Nur Misuari, the founder of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). It began on November 19, 2001, when members of a faction of the MNLF loyal to Misuari attacked a Philippine Army headquarters in Jolo, Sulu in the Philippines. The attack was meant to disrupt the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao elections scheduled for November 26 of that year, which eventually replaced Misuari as governor.^[2]

Background

In 1996, Nur Misuari signed a peace agreement with the Philippine government that led to the creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM); Misuari eventually became its first governor.^[3] In April 2001, Misuari was ousted as MNLF chair by his colleagues, who cited his incompetent performance as ARMM governor. He was replaced by the "Committee of Fifteen", which is the central leadership of the MNLF. Then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo also cited Php 43 billion worth of funds for the ARMM that remained unaccounted for.^[2]

Arroyo then chose Dr. Parouk Hussin, a member of the "Committee of Fifteen", as the administration's candidate as ARMM governor. Hussin eventually won the post and stated that he would focus on an audit of the region's fiscal and property resources. Apparently offended by his ouster from the MNLF leadership, as well as losing the ARMM governor's post and facing a fiscal audit for missing public funds, Misuari declared war on the Arroyo government on November 19, 2001.^[2]

The rebellion

The Philippine government stated that Misuari then launched an armed rebellion on the island of Jolo to undermine elections for his position as ARMM governor.^[4] MNLF members loyal to Misuari began attacking Philippine Army outposts; the hostilities caused a hundred fatalities, most of whom were Misuari's men. Many were wounded, including civilians.^[2]^[4]

In Zamboanga City, 300 MNLF men led by Julhambri Misuari, Nur Misuari's nephew,^[5] took over the Cabatangan government complex and held the residents of the neighborhood hostage, marching them around the city roped together, until they were allowed to leave unmolested by government forces which had ringed the city outskirts.^[4]^[6]

Aftermath

The Philippine government filed rebellion charges against Nur Misuari in a Sulu court. Misuari initially escaped the military dragnet; there were reports that he had sought refuge in Sabah, Malaysia. Other reports stated that the Abu Sayyaf was hiding him in Jolo.^[4] Misuari was captured by Royal Malaysia Police forces a few days after the fighting and extradited back to the Philippines. He was charged with rebellion but was eventually released. In 2008, the rebellion charges against him were dropped.^[6]

Five years later, an armed incursion into Zamboanga City by forces loyal to Nur Misuari led to the 2013 Zamboanga City crisis.^[7]

Related Research Articles

Sulu, officially the Province of Sulu, is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).

The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was an autonomous region of the Philippines, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that consisted of five predominantly Muslim provinces: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. It was the only region that had its own government. The region's de facto seat of government was Cotabato City, although this self-governing city was outside its jurisdiction.

The Moro people or Bangsamoro people are the 13 Muslim-majority ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, native to the region known as the Bangsamoro. As Muslim-majority ethnic groups, they form the largest non-Christian population in the Philippines, and comprise about 5% of the country's total population, or 5 million people.

The Moro National Liberation Front is a political organization in the Philippines that was founded in 1972. It started as a splinter group of the Muslim Independence Movement. The MNLF was the leading organization among Moro separatists for about two decades beginning from the 1970s.

Nur Misuari is a Moro Filipino revolutionary and politician, founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front.

The Moro conflict was an insurgency in the Mindanao region of the Philippines, which involved multiple armed groups. Peace deals have been signed between the Philippine government and two major armed groups, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), but other smaller armed groups continue to exist. In 2017, the peace council settled around 138 clan conflicts.

Yusop Jikiri was a Filipino politician, leader within the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and governor (2001–2004) of Sulu Province in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). He also served as a representative from Sulu's 1st District (2007–10) and ran again in 2010, but lost to Tupay Loong. He was the beneficiary of shifting political alliances between the Tan and Loong families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MNLF Executive Council of 15</span>

The Moro National Liberation Front Executive Council of 15 is a faction of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in which the group of 15 leaders forged a unity agreement with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The agreement was signed in Kuala Lumpur and coincided with the Filipino President's visit. Muslimin Sema is the current chairman of the group. The government of the Philippines recognizes Sema along with Misuari as representatives of the MNLF despite the recognition of Nur Misuari as chairman by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, which the MNLF is an observer member to. Supposedly, Sema's group together with Habib Mudjahab Hashim's MNLF Islamic Command Council (ICC), somewhat agreed to reunite with the MNLF under Misuari.

In the late 1960s, an independence movement was founded in Mindanao, the Philippines, to separate the Muslim majority-Moro areas from the rest of the Philippines.

Bangsamoro, officially the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is an autonomous region in the Philippines, located in the southwestern portion of the island of Mindanao.

The Bangsamoro Republik, officially the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik (UFSBR), was a short-lived, self-proclaimed, unrecognized breakaway state in the Philippines. Nur Misuari, chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front, issued the Proclamation of Bangsamoro Independence on July 27, 2013 in Talipao, Sulu and declared the capital of Bangsamoro to be Davao City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zamboanga City crisis</span> 2013 armed conflict in the southwest Philippines

The Zamboanga City crisis or Zamboanga Siege was an armed conflict in Zamboanga City, Philippines between the government forces of the Philippines and Moro rebels from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) that began on September 9, 2013 and ended twenty days later on September 28. The conflict began when MNLF rebels, under the command of Nur Misuari, attempted to occupy several coastal communities in Zamboanga City in protest of the Philippine government's failure to implement the 1996 final peace agreement with the MNLF.

The Bangsamoro are a majority-Muslim ethnic group occupying a range of territories across the southern portions of the Republic of the Philippines. On three occasions, a short-lived and unrecognized Bangsamoro state independent of the Philippines has been formally declared by the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). The first declaration was issued in 1974, amid the Moro conflict. Bangsamoro Land would be declared in 2012. In 2013, the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik was declared.

Alvarez Silal Isnaji is a Filipino politician who served as acting governor of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) after Nur Misuari was removed in 2001. He briefly served as the governor of ARMM in September 3, 2001 until October 11, 2001 when Nur Misuari went on an official leave. He was succeeded by Parouk Hussin on December 27, 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1976 Tripoli Agreement</span> Treaty between the Philippines and Moro National Liberation Front

The 1976 Tripoli Agreement was signed on December 23, 1976 in Tripoli, Libya by Carmelo Z. Barbero, representing the Government of the Philippines and Nur Misuari of the Moro National Liberation Front. The agreement defined autonomous administrative divisions for Muslims in the southern Philippines, the establishment of an autonomous government, judicial system for Sharia law and special security forces, and the observance of a ceasefire. The autonomous region was to have its own economic system, including an Islamic bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeddah Accord</span>

The Jeddah Accord was signed on January 3–4, 1987 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by Aquilino Pimentel Jr., representing the Government of the Philippines and Nur Misuari of the Moro National Liberation Front. The two panels agreed upon the continued discussion of the proposal of the grant of full autonomy to Mindanao, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and Palawan subject to democratic processes.

The 1996 Final Peace Agreement, also called the Jakarta Accord was signed on September 2, 1996 in Manila, Philippines by Manuel Yan, representing the Government of the Philippines and Nur Misuari of the Moro National Liberation Front. The culmination of four years of peace talks, the agreement established mechanisms designed to bring about the full implementation of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement.

Abdul Raji Sahrin, also known as Hassan Jawali, was a Moro revolutionary and politician. He was a member of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Interim Bangsamoro Parliament. He was also the Deputy Chief Minister of Bangsamoro for the Islands.

Separatism in the Philippines refers to bids for secession or greater autonomy for certain areas in the Philippines. The scope of the article includes such efforts since the Philippine Revolution both currently and historical.

Parouk S. Hussin is a Filipino politician, doctor, and former rebel who was the Governor of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) from 2001 to 2005.

References

1 2 "Philippines/Moro National Liberation Front (1946–present)". University of Central Arkansas . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
1 2 3 4 5 Corvera, Ann Bernadette S. (January 16, 2002). "Nur Misuari: Has the 'good warrior's' long struggle come to a disgraceful end?". Northern Illinois University. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
↑ Calica, Aurea (September 20, 2013) [September 19, 2013]. "Noy to MNLF: War or peace?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
1 2 3 4 "Army hunts for Philippines governor". BBC. November 22, 2001. Retrieved October 2, 2001.
↑ Leila D. Vicente (June 9, 2008). "MNLF leader in Nov 2001 hostage crisis in Zambo dies". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN . Retrieved October 2, 2001.
1 2 Jonathan Head (November 13, 2013). "What is behind the fighting in the Philippines' Zamboanga?". BBC . Retrieved October 2, 2001.
↑ "Palace: Zamboanga crisis is over". ABS-CBN News. September 28, 2013. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.

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[uca-1] 1 2 "Philippines/Moro National Liberation Front (1946–present)". University of Central Arkansas . Retrieved September 30, 2016.

[corvera-2] 1 2 3 4 5 Corvera, Ann Bernadette S. (January 16, 2002). "Nur Misuari: Has the 'good warrior's' long struggle come to a disgraceful end?". Northern Illinois University. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2016.

[3] Calica, Aurea (September 20, 2013) [September 19, 2013]. "Noy to MNLF: War or peace?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 2, 2016.

[bbc1-4] 1 2 3 4 "Army hunts for Philippines governor". BBC. November 22, 2001. Retrieved October 2, 2001.

[abs-5] Leila D. Vicente (June 9, 2008). "MNLF leader in Nov 2001 hostage crisis in Zambo dies". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN . Retrieved October 2, 2001.

[bbc2-6] 1 2 Jonathan Head (November 13, 2013). "What is behind the fighting in the Philippines' Zamboanga?". BBC . Retrieved October 2, 2001.

[7] "Palace: Zamboanga crisis is over". ABS-CBN News. September 28, 2013. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.

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