2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy

Last updated
Insignia of the Order of National Artists National Artist of the Philippines.svg
Insignia of the Order of National Artists

The 2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy refers to the controversial proclamation as National Artists of the Philippines of four individuals via the Presidential prerogative of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, when the four had not been nominated by the selection committee, composed of representatives from National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP). [1] [2]

Contents

The title National Artist of the Philippines is given to a Filipino who has been given the highest recognition for having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, Fashion Design and Architecture, and Allied Arts. Such Filipinos are announced, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation, as National Artist, having been conferred membership in the Order of National Artists. Benefits they enjoy from then on include a monthly pension, medical and life insurance, arrangements for a state funeral, a place of honor at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events. [2]

On July 16, 2013, the controversy finally ended after the Supreme Court of the Philippines voted 12-1-2 that voided the four proclamations created by former President Gloria Arroyo that made these people National Artists. [3]

Controversy

President’s prerogative

The controversy began when conferred the Order of National Artists to seven individuals in July, 2009. [4] Controversy arose from the revelation that musician Ramon Santos had been dropped from the list of nominees short-listed in May that year by the selection committee, and four other individuals had been nominated to the title via "President’s prerogative": [1] [2]

Members of the Philippine art community, including a number of living National Artists of the Philippines, protested that the proclamation politicized the title of National artist, and made it "a way for President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to accommodate her allies." [1]

Film director Eddie Romero, himself a National Artist for Film and the Broadcast Arts, explained in an interview that the rules allow the President to pick a National Artist. He noted, however, that: [1]

“It seems it’s the first time the presidential prerogative was used to declare four artists. It’s like a wholesale declaration.”

National Artist for literature and chairman of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines Bienvenido Lumbera, said [1] that in the 2009 nominations, there was

“heavy campaigning because the government wanted to ensure the selection of four people.”

In addition, specific protests were raised regarding the nomination of NCCA executive director Guidote-Alvarez, because it was purportedly a breach of protocol and propriety, and of Carlo Caparas, because protestors assert that he is not qualified to be nominated under either the "Visual Arts" or "Film" categories in which he was proclaimed to the order. [1]

Alvarez

Lumbera, who happened to be a member of the combined “final selection committee" of the NCCA and CCP, noted that: [1]

“It was Cecile Guidote-Alvarez, as executive director of the NCCA, who had insisted on the President’s right to add names that were not discussed in the committee.”

Calling the situation "outrageous", [1] he said that: [1] [2]

“She should have not allowed herself to be named as national artist. She’s close to the President. Nobody in the committee thought that she deserved to be named."

Alvarez heads the NCCA secretariat that receives nominations for national artists.

Caparas

Complaints regarding Caparas' proclamation centered on the complaints that he did not illustrate the comic books he wrote and therefore did not meet the qualifications for being honored under the visual arts category, [1] [5] and the assertion of protesting artists that his work in the category of Film is supposedly "sub-par", being largely exploitation films: "pito-pito" ("seven-seven") films rush-finished in seven days, and "massacre films" whose focus was sensational crimes. [6] [1] [7] [8]

Bienvenido Lumbera remarked that Caparas’ nomination was twice rejected by two NCAA panels: [2]

“[Caparas] was first proposed as a nominee for literature, but the committee rejected him. He was again proposed as nominee for visual artist but the panel again turned him down."

Film Academy of the Philippines director general Leo Martinez [2] [9] noted that "He was obviously added by Malacañang." Caparas is known as a vocal supporter of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. [7]

Committee-shortlisted nominees

Protestors, however, were careful to note that three of the individuals proclaimed as National Artist in 2009 [4] were in fact recommended by the selection committee: [1]

Non-inclusion of Ramon Santos

Protesters also lamented the dropping of musician Ramon Santos from the list of new National Artists. Philippine entertainment news website PEP says that a CCP official, who had asked not to be named, revealed that Santos actually won the most votes during the selection process. Lumbera verbalized dismay about the snubbing of Santos, saying: [10]

"What makes this even more outrageous is that Ramon Santos, who received a good number of votes in the panel selection, was dropped from the list. The basis for him being scrapped, one doesn't know"

The same report that quoted Lumbera also noted that "Santos still has not spoken about the whole brouhaha up to this day.[August 4, 2009]" [10]

Malacañang Honors Committee

Another aspect of the controversy regards the existence and of the Palace Honors committee which allegedly prepared the final list of nominees, which was eventually enacted by Arroyo.

Protesters claim that they were not aware of the existence of such a committee, and that at first, they had no idea who precisely were supposed to be on the committee. [11] According to them, nominating committees were made by the CCP and NCCA, and a final list of nominees was prepared by a joint committee. NCCA sub-commission on the arts head Ricardo de Ungria, one of the panelists involved in the selection process, insisted before a congressional committee meeting on the matter that the arts community “were never apprised of the existence of this animal since the start of the selection process this year or eight years ago.” [12]

According to Malacañang and to Cecile Guidote-Alvarez, however, the selection process had always involved the participation of three committees - those of the CCP, the NCCA and the Malacañang honors committee, whose head was Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita. [12]

Prominent protestors

Living National Artists of the Philippines who have protested the proclamation of the four new National Artists include:

Other prominent critics include prominent Filipino Comic Book artist Gerry Alanguilan, [1] [5] multiple Palanca Award laureate Lourd de Veyra, [1] [8] Film Academy of the Philippines Director General Leo Martinez [9] (who had played a part in the original nomination process). [1]

Defense

Arroyo Administration

The Arroyo administration was quick to defend its choices of individuals to be named to the Order of National Artists. Acting Executive Secretary and Presidential political adviser Gabriel Claudio told reporters that: [7]

"I think we can defend [their] track record and qualifications and reasons [for their selection].”

He also said the administration would “stand by the qualifications, qualities, track record and reputation of those named as National Artists. [7] ”

Carlo J. Caparas

Caparas defended his proclamation, saying that other aspirants to the honor ought to wait their turn. [14]

“Ganyan talaga kung may something for grabs. E, iisa lang ang pipiliin. Sana, maghintay na lang sila ng tamang panahon sa gusto nilang manalo. Hindi naman ito palakasan.”(That's the way it is whenever something is for grabs. Only one person can be selected. They ought to wait for the right time for them if they want to win. It's not as if this were a case of sucking up.)

Kaya wag mag-alala ang mga critics ko, may pagkakataon pa sila o ang mga manok nila na manalo in the future. (So my critics shouldn't worry, they or their fighting cocks still have opportunities to win in the future.) They cannot take the award from me anymore."

“Baka ang nasa isip nila ay bata pa ako. Pero hindi naman ‘yon ang basehan. Sino naman ang ko-contest sa decision ng Cultural Center, ng NCCA at ng Malacañang tungkol sa award na ito? Mabuti na nga at ngayon pa lang ay ibinibigay na ang ganitong award sa mga taong nandito. Ang akala kasi nila ay sa matatanda o sa beterano o sa mga patay na ibinibigay ang ganitong award.” (Maybe they think I'm too young. But that's not a valid basis [for a choice]. Who would contest the decision of the Cultural Center, the NCCA, and Malacañang regarding this award? It's a good thing they're giving this award to someone who's still here. They think awards like this should only be given to the old, to veterans, or to the dead.)

Caparas said that instead of criticizing his award, entertainment people “should unite and work together to revive the ailing movie and komiks industry.” [14] He attributed his win to the fact that he managed to cross over from comic books to film and television, and saying that his triumph was significant because he was a National Artist who came from the working class. “I am a National Artist who came from the masses," the Philippine Daily Inquirer quoted him as saying. "I work and struggle with them.” He said it was time for a National Artist “who the masses can identify with—someone who walks beside them, someone who can inspire them.” Noting that some Filipinos did not even know the National Artists he said “Hopefully, since I am still active in TV and in the movies, this will encourage our countrymen to learn more about our National Artists.” [1]

Others who have come to his defense include Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) director and former Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) chief Manoling Morato, Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) head Dante Jimenez, boxer Manny Pacquiao, Senators Ramon Revilla Jr. and Jinggoy Estrada, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino chair Joe Lad Santos, and Polytechnic University of the Philippines president Dante Guevarra. [15]

Cecile Guidote-Alvarez

Guidote-Alvarez also defended her qualifications for receiving the award. “Before you make a judgment," she said, "read my achievements first as an artist. Was I an idiot before I became a national artist?" [2] As proof of her achievements, she cited previous awards, including the Ramon Magsaysay public service award for the arts, the CCP Gawad Sining Award for Literature, and the Outstanding Women in the Nation's Services award. [2] [16] She also cited her important role in the development of Philippine theater, having founded the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) in 1967. [16] She asserted that the President had the prerogative to name national artists who were not named in the selection committee's shortlist, and denied lobbying for the award, saying that President Arroyo had “never talked to [her] about it." [2]

Significant events

On July 27, 2009, it was announced to the public that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo had named seven National Artists for 2009: National Commission on Culture and the Arts executive director Cecile Guidote Alvarez (theater); Manuel Conde (film and broadcast arts, posthumous); Lazaro Francisco (literature, posthumous); Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (visual arts in painting, sculpture and mixed media); Magno Jose Carlo Caparas (visual arts and film); Francisco Mañosa (architecture); and Jose "Pitoy" Moreno (fashion design). [4]

By August 1, 2009, it had been revealed by members of the final selection committee, comprising members from the NCCA and CCP, that only Conde, Alcuaz and Francisco had been short-listed by the selection committee in May. Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa, and Moreno had been included via what was referred to as the "President’s prerogative". They also revealed that a fourth nominee, Ramon Santos (shortlisted for music), had not been conferred the order as recommended by committee – also supposedly part of the president's prerogative. Various artists' groups in the Philippines began to protest, notably the Concerned Artists of the Philippines. Over the next few days, previously conferred members of the Order of National Artists, notably Eddie Romero, F. Sionil Jose, Bienvenido Lumbera, Virgilio Almario, and BenCab protested. [1] [2] A number of members of the Comic Book industry, notably Gerry Alanguilan, also protested. [5]

Reactions

On August 6, Representatives Ana Theresia Hontiveros and Walden Bello of the Akbayan Party-list filed House Resolution 1305 at the Philippine House of Representatives, calling for a congressional inquiry into the controversy to make sure that the choice of national artists would not be subject to the “whims" of ranking government officials. Hontiveros noted: [17]

"Choosing national artists should fundamentally be about contribution in the arts and culture, not patronage or closeness to Malacañang. Choosing eminent symbols of Filipino arts and culture should be left in the hands of the arts community."

Also on August 15, the ABS CBN News Channel (ANC) hosted an episode of Cheche Lazaro's Media in Focus, in which the controversial awardees in the person of Caparas and Alavarez were supposed to face off with protesting artists in the person of National Artist Eddie Romero, CCP Chair Emily Abrera, Palanca Award Hall of Fame Awardee Butch Dalisay, and film critic Alexis Tioseco. The first segment of the show allowed Caparas and Dalisay to air their side, while Alvarez was unable to arrive in time to join the second part of a show, which would have had her on a panel with Romero and Abrera, who were protesting the circumstances of her proclamation to the order. [18]

On August 7, protesters gathered at the front ramp of the Cultural Center of the Philippines for a major protest action in the form of a mock “necrological service”. National Artists who joined the protesters were Napoleon Abueva (visual arts), Arturo Luz (visual arts), Ben Cabrera (visual arts), F. Sionil Jose (literature), Bienvenido Lumbera (literature), Virgilio Almario (literature) and Salvador Bernal (theater design). Relatives of deceased National Artists also participated in the event, with singer Celeste Legaspi representing her late father Cesar Legaspi (National Artist for visual arts), and Raul Locsin representing his late brother Leandro Locsin (National Artist for architecture). Protesters offered black roses "to symbolize the death of the National Artist Awards." [19]

During the protests, the Concerned Artists of the Philippines group, through its chair Lumbera informed the media that they “might seek court injunction" at the Supreme Court "against the proclamation of the new national artists." [20]

After the mock ceremony, participants continued the protest with a motorcade which ended at the offices of the NCCA, where Alvarez serves as head. This led to loud verbal confrontations between protesters and supporters of Alvarez. [21]

Supreme Court case

National Artist for Literature Virgilio Almario et, al. vs. Executive Secretary et, al.
Seal of the Supreme Court of the Republic of the Philippines.svg
Court Supreme Court of the Philippines en banc
DecidedJuly 16, 2013 (2013-07-16)
CitationG.R. No. 189028
Ruling
Ponente Justice Teresita Leonardo-de Castro
Supreme Court voids Proclamation Nos. 1826 to 1829 that awards the Order of National Artist to Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa, and Moreno.
Court membership
Judges sitting Maria Lourdes Sereno, Antonio Carpio, Presbitero Velasco Jr., Diosdado Peralta, Lucas Bersamin, Roberto A. Abad, Martin Villarama Jr., Jose P. Perez, Jose C. Mendoza, Bienvenido L. Reyes, Estela Perlas Bernabe
Mariano del Castillo, Arturo D. Brion, Marvic Leonen took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.

On August 19, 2009, a group of National Artists and supporters, led by National Artists for Literature Bienvenido Lumbera and Virgilio Almario, filed a 38-page petition at the Supreme Court "for prohibition, certiorari and injunction with prayer for restraining order to prevent the Palace from conferring the title to respondents," to stop "the release of the monetary benefits, entitlements and emoluments… to private respondents arising from such conferment," and the "holding of the acknowledgement ceremonies for their recognition." [22] The petition asserted that:

"For the President to cavalierly disregard the collective judgment of the CCP and NCCA boards, and substitute her own judgment without a clear indication of the reasons and bases, therefore, is an unacceptable and manifestly grave abuse of discretion."

On August 25, 2009, the Supreme Court issued a status quo order, stopping Malacañang from conferring the honor pending deliberation of the petition to disqualify Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa, and Moreno. Supreme Court spokesman Jose Midas Marquez noted that: "The court saw the urgency to issue the status quo order and stop the conferment of the awards. It has the same affect[ sic ] as a temporary restraining order." [23]

The incident involving Caparas has also been the subject of vandalism in Wikipedia, where anonymous editors and newly registered accounts maliciously edited the article, substituting the titles with nonsensical ones containing Tagalog pejoratives. [24]

On August 31, 2009, Dalisay claimed in his column in The Philippine Star that the NCCA web page regarding the selection process for national artists had been changed: [25]

When I looked up the National Artists page on the NCCA website, the rules had suddenly changed — now there was a mention of Executive Order 236 empowering an Honors Committee to make up its own list of NA nominees to the President. That wasn’t there before the recent [National Artist] scandal blew up — neither the rule nor the role of the committee in the NAA process.

On September 14, 2009, the Philippines' House of Representatives began its committee inquiry into the National Artist controversy. In her testimony before the committee, CCP director and lawyer Lorna Kapunan alleged that the Malacañang honors committee had not actually held a meeting to deliberate on the nominees, and that minutes of the said meeting were therefore forged. Alvarez denied the allegations, and insisted that the selection process for National Artists of the Philippines had always involved the participation of three committees – those of the CCP, the NCCA and the Malacañang honors committee. [11] [12]

On the same day, the CCP submitted to the Supreme Court its 31-page comment regarding the petition to disqualify the National Artists added by Malacañang to the list of nominees. The CCP reiterated its position that the four had not been in the original list of nominees. It also requested the Supreme Court to order the proclamation of its four original choices as 2009's National Artists. [26]

2013 decision

On July 16, 2013, the Supreme Court in Almario v. Executive Secretary voided former President Arroyo's proclamations recognizing Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa and Moreno as National Artists. Arroyo inserted these names, although they were not part of the recommendations created by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on Culture and Arts. The original nominees were Lazaro Francisco (literature), Dr. Ramon Santos (music), Manuel Conde (film and broadcast) and Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (visual arts, painting, sculpture and mixed media). The justices voted 12-1-2 and struck down the four proclamations. [3]

The Supreme Court cited that the "preferential treatment" given by Arroyo violated the equal protection clause of the Constitution. It observed a "manifest disregard" of the rules, guidelines and processes of the NCCA and the CCP when Arroyo considered names that were not screened and recommended by the boards of the two entities. [27] It decreed:

While the Court invalidates today the proclamation of respondents Guidote-Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa and Moreno as National Artists, such action should not be taken as a pronouncement on whether they are worthy to be conferred that honor. Only the President, upon the advise [sic] of the NCCA and the CCP Boards, may determine that. The Court simply declares that, as the former President committed grave abuse of discretion in issuing Proclamation Nos. 1826 to 1829 dated July 6, 2009, the said proclamations are invalid. However, nothing in this Decision should be read as a disqualification on the part of respondents Guidote-Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa and Moreno to be considered for the honor of National Artist in the future, subject to compliance with the laws, rules and regulations governing said award.

— Supreme Court En Banc through Associate Justice Teresita J. Leonardo-de Castro [27]

Aftermath

On June 20, 2014, President Benigno Aquino III included Ramon Santos as one of the six National Artists named in 2014. [28]

On October 23, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte included Francisco Mañosa as one of the seven National Artists. Mañosa would later die at age of 88 due to complications from prostate cancer. [29] [30]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</span> President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo, often referred to by her initials PGMA and GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician who previously served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest serving president of the Philippines since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her accession to the presidency, she served as the 10th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, making her the country's first female vice president, despite having run on an opposing ticket. She was also a Senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she was elected as the Representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives on 2018 to 2019. She was also serving in the congress as a Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2017 and from 2022 until 2023. She is one of the only 2 Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices in the country: vice president, president, and house speaker, alongside former President Sergio Osmeña.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Artist of the Philippines</span> Highest honor given in the Philippines for artists with significant contributions in the arts

The Order of National Artists of the Philippines is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the Order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an Award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Libingan ng mga Bayani</span> National cemetery in Taguig, Philippines

Libingan ng mga Bayani is a national cemetery within Fort Bonifacio in Taguig, Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bienvenido Lumbera</span> Filipino writer (1932–2021)

Bienvenido L. Lumbera was a Filipino poet, critic and dramatist. Lumbera is known for his nationalist writing and for his leading role in the Filipinization movement in Philippine literature in the 1960s, which resulted in his being one of the many writers and academics jailed during Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime. He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communications in 1993, and was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for literature in 2006. As an academic, he is recognized for his key role in elevating the field of study which would become known as Philippine Studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</span> Philippine government agency for culture organization

The National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines is the official government agency for culture in the Philippines. It is the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture; an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) – fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts programs and projects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolando Tinio</span> Filipino writer (1937–1997)

Rolando Santos Tinio was a Filipino poet, dramatist, director, actor, critic, essayist and educator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cultural Center of the Philippines</span> Philippines state corporation

The Cultural Center of the Philippines Foundation, Inc. is a government-owned and controlled corporation established to preserve, develop and promote arts and culture in the Philippines. The CCP was established through Executive Order No. 30 s. 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos. Although an independent institution of the Philippine government, it receives an annual subsidy and is placed under the National Commission for Culture and the Arts for purposes of policy coordination. The CCP is headed by an 11-member Board of Trustees, currently headed by Chairperson Margarita Moran-Floirendo. Its current president is Arsenio Lizaso.

The Philippines was under a state of emergency, announced by presidential spokesperson Ignacio Bunye on the morning of February 24, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1017. This occurred after the government claimed that it foiled an alleged coup d'état attempt against the rule of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo earlier that same day. State security services also claimed that it had arrested a general who was involved in the coup attempt. President Arroyo lifted the state of emergency on March 3, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021.

Nicanor G. Tiongson is a critic, creative writer and academic from the Philippines. He holds a Bachelor of Humanities degree from the Ateneo de Manila University, and M.A. and Ph.D. in Philippine Studies from the University of the Philippines. A founding member of the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino, Tiongson is currently Professor Emeritus of Film and Audio-visual Communication at the College of Mass Communication in U.P. Diliman.

A national hero of the Philippines is a Filipino who has been recognized as a national hero for their role in the history of the Philippines. Loosely, the term may refer to all historical figures recognized as heroes, but the term more strictly refers to those officially designated as such. In 1995 the Philippine National Heroes Committee officially recommended several people for the designation, but this was not acted upon. As of 2023, no one had ever been officially recognized as a Philippine national hero.

Carlo Magno Jose Caparas was a Filipino comic strip creator and writer-turned film director and producer. He is best known for creating such Filipino superheroes and comic book characters as Panday, Bakekang, Totoy Bato, Joaquin Bordado, Kamagong, Kamandag, Elias Paniki, Tasya Fantasya, Gagambino, Pieta and Ang Babaeng Hinugot sa Aking Tadyang, among others. He was also known as a director of numerous massacre films such as Kuratong Baleleng and The Cory Quirino Kidnap: NBI Files.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virgilio S. Almario</span> Filipino author and poet

Virgilio Senadren Almario, better known by his pen name Rio Alma, is a Filipino author, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural manager. He is a National Artist of the Philippines. He formerly served as the chairman of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), the government agency mandated to promote and standardize the use of the Filipino language. On January 5, 2017, Almario was also elected as the chairman of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambeth Ocampo</span> Filipino historian

Ambeth R. Ocampo is a Filipino public historian, academic, cultural administrator, journalist, author, and independent curator. He is best known for his definitive writings about Philippines' national hero José Rizal and on topics in Philippine history and Philippine art through Looking Back, his bi-weekly editorial page column in the Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Marilou Correa Diaz-Abaya was a Filipina multi-award winning film director. She was conferred the Order of National Artists of the Philippines for Film and Broadcast Arts in 2022, she was the founder and president of the Marilou Diaz-Abaya Film Institute and Arts Center, a film school based in Antipolo, Philippines. She was the director of the 1998 film José Rizal, a biographical film on the Philippines' national hero of the same name. She was part of the Second Golden Age of Philippine Cinema.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ricky Lee</span> Filipino screenwriter

Ricardo Arreola Lee is a Filipino screenwriter, journalist, novelist, and playwright. He was conferred the Order of National Artists of the Philippines for Film and Broadcast Arts in 2022.

The national symbols of the Philippines consist of symbols that represent Philippine traditions and ideals and convey the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the Filipino people. Some of these symbols namely the national flag, the Great Seal, the coat of arms and the national motto are stated in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, which is also known as Republic Act 8491. In the Constitution of the Philippines, the Filipino language is stated as the national language of the Philippines. Aside from those stated symbols in the Constitution and in Republic Act 8491, there are only six official national symbols of the Philippines enacted through law, namely sampaguita as national flower, narra as national tree, the Philippine eagle as national bird, Philippine pearl as national gem, arnis as national martial art and sport and the Filipino Sign Language as the national sign language. Thus, there is a total of twelve official national symbols passed through Philippine laws.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benedicto Cabrera</span> Filipino painter (born 1942)

Benedicto Reyes Cabrera, better known as "BenCab", is a Filipino painter who was conferred a National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 2006. He has been noted as "arguably the best-selling painter of his generation of Filipino artists."

Jose "Pitoy" Moreno, Jr. was a Filipino fashion designer and one of the earliest advocates of the Maria Clara gown. He is much regarded by the Asian fashion field as the Fashion Czar of Asia. He established the spotlight on Filipino fashion in the world artistic fashion scene during the 1960s until his retirement, paving the way for young Filipino fashion designers in Europe, the Middle East, the Americas, and other parts of Southeast Asia.

Ani ng Dangal or "Harvest of Honors" is an organizational award given by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, an agency under the Office of the President of the Republic of the Philippines. It is an annual event in the Philippines celebrated as a highlight and concluding rite of the Philippine Arts Festival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cecile Guidote-Alvarez</span> Filipino theater founder

Cecile Guidote-Alvarez is a Filipino actress, author, and founder of Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA). She was 23 years old when she established PETA. She received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service in 1972.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Kristine L. Alave, Bayani San Diego Jr (August 1, 2009). "Palace choices of 4 nat'l artists protested". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sabangan, Annie Ruth C. (2009-08-01). "Fury over Arroyo's choice of national artists". GMA News.
  3. 1 2 Mark Merueñas (2013-07-16). "SC voids National Artist Award on Carlo Caparas, 3 others". GMA News and Public Affairs .
  4. 1 2 3 TJ Burgonio (July 29, 2009). "Arroyo names 7 National Artists for '09". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  5. 1 2 3 Gerry Alanguilan (2009). "Bottom Line: Carlo J. Caparas is NOT Qualified". Komikero Comics Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bong Godinez (2009). "Artists to stage protest against PGMA's appointed National Artist awardees". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Palace defends Carlo J's inclusion in National Artist award". GMA News. GMA News and Public Affairs. 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  8. 1 2 Lourd Ernest de Veyra (2009). "Carlo J. All the Way". www.spot.ph. Archived from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
  9. 1 2 Leo Martinez (2009). ""National Artist Award a Joke," says Leo Martinez, Film Academy Head". SPOT.PH: The Feed. SPOT.PH. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  10. 1 2 Mark Angelo Ching (2009-08-04). "CCP: Malacañang bypassed rules of the selection process for National Artists". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
  11. 1 2 Gil C. Cabacungan Jr. (2009-09-14). "NATIONAL ARTISTS ROW:Existence of Palace honors body questioned". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  12. 1 2 3 Gil C. Cabacungan Jr., Norman Bordadora (2009-09-15). "Forgery alleged in picking Nat'l Artists: CCP exec says Palace honors panel never met". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2009-09-16. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  13. ↑ Benedicto Cabrera. "Statement from BenCab on the National Artist Brouhaha". SPOT.PH: The Feed. SPOT.PH. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  14. 1 2 Boy Villasanta (2009). "Caparas airs side on Nat'l Artist Award". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  15. ↑ Jerry E. Esplanada (2009-08-16). "MORATO: Give me a Caparas to hang beside my Picasso". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  16. 1 2 TJ Burgonio (2009-08-05). "Palace firm on choices of National Artists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  17. ↑ Johanna Camille L. Sisante (2009-08-06). "House probe looms over National Artist awards mess". GMA News. GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  18. ↑ "Corruption of Culture?". Media in Focus. 2008-08-06.
  19. ↑ Rhodina Villanueva (2009-08-08). "National artists unite vs selection irregularities". The Philippine Star: 1. Archived from the original on 2013-01-31.
  20. ↑ "Nat'l artist controversy may end up in SC". GMA News. 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
  21. ↑ Torres, Tetch (2009-08-07). "Shouting match erupts in artists protest". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-08-10. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
  22. ↑ Trina Lagura (2009-08-19). "SC asked to stop awards for Caparas et al". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
  23. ↑ "SC stops conferment of Nat'l Artist awards". ABS-CBN News. 2009-08-25. Archived from the original on 2009-08-28. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  24. ↑ Blog entry detailing the Caparas vandalism incident [ permanent dead link ]
  25. ↑ Butch Dalisay (2009-08-31). "PENMAN: Tampering with the evidence". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
  26. ↑ Norman Bordadora (2009-09-14). "Allow 4 nat'l artists' proclamation, SC asked". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  27. 1 2 "Almario v. The Executive Secretary". Supreme Court E-Library.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  28. ↑ Palace declares new National Artists, Nora Aunor didn't make it. Philippine Daily Inquirer (21 June 2014)
  29. ↑ Placido, Dharel. "Palace names new national artists". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  30. ↑ Ramos, Gerard (February 20, 2019). "National Artist Bobby Mañosa, 88". BusinessMirror. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.