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Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | October 5, 1985 |
Preceding agency |
|
Type | Film and television classification |
Headquarters | 18 MTRCB Building, Timog Avenue, Quezon City, 1103, Metro Manila, Philippines |
Motto | Filipino: "Para sa Matalino at Responsableng Panonood" (English: "For Intelligent and Responsible Viewing") |
Employees | More than 33[ vague ] |
Agency executive |
|
Parent agency | Office of the President of the Philippines |
Website | mtrcb |
The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (Filipino : Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon; [1] abbreviated as MTRCB) is a Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that is responsible for the classification and review of television programs, motion pictures and home videos.
Unlike other organizations worldwide (such as the BBFC), the Board does not rate video games. Thus, both the ESRB system used in the United States, and IARC system are the de facto rating systems used in the Philippines, although there have been attempts at formulating an independent local rating system. [2] Certain video game vendors ask for a valid ID or any other verification to be able to buy M- and AO-rated games. The Board also does not rate literature. [3]
The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board also serves as a de facto censorship body. [4]
The MTRCB was initially created as the Board of Censors for Motion Pictures by virtue of Republic Act 3060 signed by President Carlos P. Garcia in 1961 and directly subordinate to the Office of the President. [5] Over the years, its name and powers were changed and expanded by succeeding administrations. In 1980, as part of Executive Order No. 585 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos during the Martial Law , the Board was reconstituted to include senior officials of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Public Information and the National Intelligence and Security Authority (NISA). [6] To reflect the rising influence of television in the Philippines, the agency was renamed into the Board of Review for Motion Pictures and Television by virtue of Executive Order No. 745 issued by Marcos in 1981. [7] In 1983, its scope was expanded to include live entertainment, and as such the Board was renamed by Marcos into the Board of Review for Motion Pictures, Television and Live Entertainment by virtue of Executive Order No. 868. Controversially, it was also given the power to bar any film deemed "subversive" in content and "undermining faith in the government" [8]
Ultimately, the economic and political crisis of the 1980s led the Marcos regime to abolish the board and replace it with the current Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 1985 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1986. [9] After the fall of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the Board was reconstituted to remove defense and security officials and reduce its composition to civilian personnel, though the ban on subversive material remains. In the 1990s, an Appeals Committee was created to allow appeal and reversals of the MTRCB's decisions. [10]
The chairman, the vice-chairman and the other 30 Board members compose the Board. Each one holds office for a term of one year, but may be reappointed after the expiration of their term. Diorella Maria Sotto-Antonio has been the board chairman since July 7, 2022. [11]
Name | Term | Appointed by |
---|---|---|
Chairmen of the Board of Censors for Motion Pictures | ||
Guillermo de Vega | 1969–1975 | Ferdinand Marcos |
Ma. Rocio Atienza de Vega | 1975–1981 | |
Maria Kalaw Katigbak | 1981–1985 | |
Chairmen of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board | ||
Manuel Morato | 1986–1992 | Corazon Aquino |
Henrietta Silos Mendez | 1992–1995 | Fidel V. Ramos |
Jesus C. Sison | 1995–1998 | |
Armida Siguion-Reyna | 1998–2001 | Joseph Estrada |
Nicanor Tiongson | 2001 (acting) | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |
Alejandro Roces | 2001–2002 | |
Marilen Ysmael-Dinglasan | 2002 (acting) | |
Dennis G. Manicad | 2002–2003 | |
Ma. Consoliza "Marissa" Laguardia | 2003–2010 | |
Grace Poe | 2010–2012 | Benigno Aquino III |
Emmanuel Borlaza | 2012 (acting) | |
Eugenio "Toto" H. Villareal | 2012–2017 | |
Maria Rachel Arenas | 2017–2021 | Rodrigo Duterte |
Jeremiah P. Jaro | 2021–2022 | |
Jose "Johnny" Revilla [12] [13] | 2022 | Bongbong Marcos |
Diorella Maria Sotto-Antonio | 2022–present |
This section needs additional citations for verification .(April 2021) |
While the MTRCB primarily rates most films released in commercial cinemas, independent and art-house films released in the Philippines are not rated by the MTRCB themselves. Instead, they are rated through the Film Development Council of the Philippines and the Film Cultural Exchange Program (FCEP) through the FDCP rating system pursuant to the agreed-upon guidelines by the FDCP and the MTRCB. [14]
Description [15] | |
---|---|
G | Viewers of all ages are admitted. |
PG | Viewers under 13 years old should be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult. |
R-13 | Only viewers who are 13 years old and above can be admitted. |
R-16 | Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted. |
R-18 | Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted. |
X | "X-rated" films are not suitable for public exhibition. |
No children under the age of 13 may be admitted to a PG-rated film unless when accompanied by an adult. The R-13, R-16, and R-18 ratings are legally restricted. All cinemas are required to check the ages of all patrons who wish to view such films in a cinema. Moviehouses illegally permitting underage patrons to view age-restricted films can be met with fines or other sanctions. The public exhibition of an "X-rated" film in the Philippines is a serious criminal offense and may lead to more severe disciplinary actions.
G Viewers of all ages are admitted. A "G" classification advises parents or supervising adults that the film is suitable for all audiences, provided there are no depictions of sex and violence.
PG Viewers below 13 years old should be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult. A "PG" classification advises parents or supervising adults that the film may contain material whose treatment is suitable for children below 13 years of age.
R-13 Only viewers who are 13 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-13" classification advises parents, supervising adults, or the would-be viewers themselves, that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 13 years of age.
This rating is for 13 years old and above.
R-16 Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-16" classification advises viewers, parents, and supervising adults that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 16 years of age.
This rating is for 16 years old and above.
R-18 Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-18" classification advises viewers, parents, and supervising adults that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 18 years of age.
This rating is for 18 years old and above. SM Cinema does not show films in their cinemas classified by this rating.
X "X-rated" films have been deemed by the board to be unsuitable for public exhibition.
A film shall be disapproved for public viewing if, in the judgment of the Board:
Celestial Movies Pinoy formerly used an advisory for these movie ratings before showing of the film in lieu of television ratings.
The MTRCB has implemented a television content rating system since November 1, 1995. Historically, there were only two television ratings used (see the table below). These ratings consisted of a plain text digital on-screen graphic (or pictogram) appearing on the corner of the screen during a program's run time.
Pictogram | Rating |
---|---|
None Plain text (PTV-4 (some programs notably NHK E), Island Living on BEAM TV only from July 2019 – present) | General Patronage |
Plain text only | Parental Guidance |
None Plain text (Cine Mo!) | Strong Parental Guidance |
Pictogram | Rating |
---|---|
G | General Patronage |
PG | Parental Guidance |
SPG | Strong Parental Guidance |
On October 6, 2011, in order to encourage parents to supervise and be responsible with their children in watching television, the rating system was reformatted, with one additional rating added. [16] [17] [18]
The ratings notice are always played before the start or midway of the show. The rating voice-overs are usually in Filipino, but predominantly English-language stations have the ratings notice spoken in English (within abroad, GMA Pinoy TV, GMA Life TV, GMA News TV International, Kapatid Channel, AksyonTV International, The Filipino Channel, Cinema One and ANC; only spoken in English). Ratings notices were previously broadcast in a 4:3 aspect ratio, but has since been broadcast in a 16:9 widescreen format.
The green 'G', blue 'PG' and red 'SPG' graphic/DOG below are usually seen on the lower right or upper left corner of the screen during the entire show. All programs shown by the television channels are reviewed and classified by the said board. The board may suspend, reject or cancel programs, but cannot revoke broadcast licenses.
G Suitable for all ages. Material for television, which in the judgment of the Board does not contain anything unsuitable for children.
It appears in children's programming, concert specials, and educational programming, as well as some documentaries, home shopping blocks, talent reality shows, and religious programming.
A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written verbal advisory to the effect that the program is classified as "General Patronage" shall be broadcast for at least 10 seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular television material classified as such.
PG Parental guidance suggested. Material for television, which, in the judgment of the Board, may contain some adult material that may be permissible for children to watch but only under the guidance and supervision of a parent or adult.
The television program classified as "PG" must, in the judgment of the Board, meet the following criteria:
A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written and verbal advisory to the effect that the program is classified as "Parental Guidance" shall be broadcast for at least 10 seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular television material classified as such. GMA Network's Wowowin airs two PG DOGs, the second one being the cue for regional stations to join in the Manila feed.
SPG Stronger and more vigilant parental guidance is suggested. Programs classified as "SPG" may contain more serious topics and themes, which may not be advisable for children to watch except under the very vigilant guidance and presence of a parent or an adult.
Television programs classified as "SPG" must still fall within the parameters of the existing Parental Guidance classification rating. However, to merit the issuance of an "SPG" rating, the gravity of the material must, in the judgment of the Board, be leaning towards the maximum allowable for Parental Guidance rating. In determining the proper classification rating, the Board shall consider the purpose, genre, and time slot of the program as well as the treatment and depiction of attendant factors such as, but not limited to: Theme (Tema), Language (Lenggwahe), Violence (Karahasan), Sex (Sekswal), Horror (Horror) and Drugs (Droga).
In the exercise of its judgment, the Board shall take due consideration of balancing the interest of the State to protect the welfare of the youth with the interest of the broadcast networks to freedom of expression.
A pictogram advisory accompanied by a full-screen written advisory with voice over to the effect that the program is classified as "Strong Parental Guidance" shall be broadcast for at least 20 seconds, immediately before the opening credits and midway in the full airing of the particular television material classified as such. The full-screen advisory shall specifically declare the content descriptors pertinent to the program being shown, such as but not limited to: Theme (Tema), Language (Lenggwahe), Violence (Karahasan), Sex (Sekswal), Horror and Drugs (Droga).
The SPG rating was implemented on February 9, 2012. [19]
Any television program that does not conform to the "G", "PG", and "SPG" classification shall be unfit for television broadcast if, in the judgment of the Board applying contemporary Filipino cultural values as standard, it is objectionable for being immoral, indecent, contrary to law and/or good customs, injurious to the prestige of the Republic of the Philippines or its people, or with a dangerous tendency to encourage the commission of violence, or of a wrong, or crime, such as but not limited to:
National and local newscasts are exempted from the ratings system (except in the case of selected news stories, such as in ABS-CBN's TV Patrol , which uses an SPG graphic for stories with sensitive or graphic content). Some regional news programs and some CNN Philippines newscasts air a PG advisory before the show, which may violate the rules. These circumstances, however, do not affect the program itself.[ citation needed ] TV5's Aksyon sa Tanghali , on the other hand, was given an SPG rating in April 2018 due to the profane nature of their public service segments. The rating also includes the news segments of the said edition.
IBC 13 does not use either the green 'G', blue 'PG', or red 'SPG' graphics on selected programs and documentaries produced by the government-controlled Presidential Communications Office (PCO), considering that they are information-based materials. DepEd TV and DepEd ALS also do not use the three aforementioned rating graphics considering that they are educational content.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(April 2021) |
The Optical Media Board formerly governed censorship for home video releases; this has since been managed by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board.
Before 2015, unlike the theatrical ratings, only three are applied to video releases and printed on labels: General Audience (G) for films previously rated G in cinemas, Parental Guidance (PG) for most PG and some R-13 or R-16 titles (with cuts for the R-ratings), and Restricted For Adults (R) for some R-13, many R-16, and most R-18 titles [without cuts for R-16 and R-18, including films released unrated or with adults-only rating equivalents (e.g. R, 18, M18, NC-17, Category III, and R21) outside the Philippines].
Since 2015, the theatrical ratings were applied as home video ratings, replacing the previous system.
In addition to issuing parental ratings for home video content, routine inspections are also conducted at public transport terminals where passenger buses equipped with onboard entertainment systems can be found, to ensure that the films in question are approved by both agencies for public exhibition and are free of inappropriate content. [20]
Advertisement materials are generally outside the scope of the MTRCB. Exemptions are "publicity materials" that are those "used to generate public interest in a motion picture or television program such as television commercials, movie, and television trailers, print advertisements, still photos, photo frames, leaflets, posters and billboards and other related media". [21]
The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP; English: Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines), an association unrelated to the government, governs censorship on radio, although it can only reprimand its own members using the required disciplinary action. Some radio stations (notable Brigada and 87.7 MHz Franken-FM)[ clarification needed ] have their own PG and SPG advisory before the start of the program, should it contain mature themes.
Although the board itself does not govern nor does it censor TV shows and movies online, video streaming services such as Viu, Discovery+, Disney+, iflix, Netflix, HBO Go, and Amazon Prime Video make use of their own content rating systems to ensure whether content is family-friendly or not.[ citation needed ]
On September 3, 2020, it was reported that MTRCB wanted to seek the "regulation" of video content that is provided by streaming platforms such as Netflix. According to Atty. Jonathan Presquito, the MTRCB legal affairs division chief, there is a necessity proceed with the regulation, especially because several video content are unrated. [22] However, the move was strongly criticized by several groups and people, noting that the MTRCB has become a tool of censorship. [23] Senator Franklin Drilon said that the move was "very impractical". [24]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2017) |
Despite touting itself as promoting Filipino values and "intelligent viewing", the board has drawn criticism from filmmakers and special interest groups for its vested interest in the film and television industries, de facto censorship, stifling of creative freedoms on the grounds of family-friendliness, and allegations of inaccuracy in film and television ratings. [25]
Critics contend that the board has not rated certain media, particularly international superhero, action and fantasy films, such as Michael Bay's Transformers and the Harry Potter series (based on the novels by J.K. Rowling), along with locally produced romantic comedies, strongly for violent or sexual themes, noting the arbitrary and biased classification based on board members' opinions on certain films for mature audiences yet overlooking certain scenes or themes that would be given a higher rating elsewhere. [26]
Since 2019, MTRCB announced that they banned movies like Abominable , and Uncharted immediately due to the film's scene involving the nine-dash line at the map of South China Sea, being reached out of controversy at the Southeast Asia (including Philippines). [27] [28] [29] [30]
Aside from administering parental ratings for movies and television shows, the MTRCB also reserves the right to sanction a certain program or movie depending on the gravity of the violation as a means of disciplinary action. The following cases involve domestic and international content suspensions, probations, summons, and even self-regulations due to the following issues with the content or cast.
This includes all content sanctions by the MTRCB on domestically produced contents except in the case of suspension of broadcast of television programs and films banned for public screening which are covered in separate articles.
An X rating is a film rating that indicates that the film contains content that is considered to be suitable only for adults. Films with an X rating may have scenes of graphic violence or explicit sexual acts that may be disturbing or offensive to some viewers. The X rating is used in different ways by different countries, and it may have legal or commercial implications for the distribution and exhibition of such films. For example, some countries may ban or restrict the sale or rental of X-rated films, while others may allow them only in specific theaters or with special taxes. Some countries may also have different criteria or definitions for what constitutes an X-rated film, and some may consider the artistic merit of the film as a factor in classification. The X rating has been replaced or renamed by other ratings in some countries over time.
A motion picture content rating system classifies films based on their suitability for audiences due to their treatment of issues such as sex, violence, or substance abuse, their use of profanity, or other matters typically deemed unsuitable for children or adolescents. Most countries have some form of rating system that issues determinations variously known as certifications, classifications, certificates, or ratings. Age recommendations, of either an advisory or restrictive capacity, are often applied in lieu of censorship; in some jurisdictions movie theaters may have a legal obligation to enforce restrictive ratings.
PG, P.G., P&G, pg, or Pg, or similar, may refer to:
Television content rating systems are systems for evaluating the content and reporting the suitability of television programmes for minors. Many countries have their own television rating system and countries' rating processes vary by local priorities. Programmes are rated by the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster, or the content producers.
The Maritime Film Classification Board is a government organization responsible for reviewing films and granting film ratings in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
Bubble Gang is a Philippine television sketch comedy show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally directed by Uro Q. Dela Cruz, it was originally starred by Ogie Alcasid, Antonio Aquitania, Sunshine Cruz, Jackie de Guzman, Assunta De Rossi, Eric Fructuoso, Susan Lozada, Aiko Melendez, Wendell Ramos and Michael V. It premiered on October 20, 1995 on the network's Friday night line up replacing Vilma. Frasco Mortiz currently surves as the director, with Michael V., Paolo Contis, Chariz Solomon, Betong Sumaya, Analyn Barro, Kokoy de Santos, EA Guzman, Buboy Villar, Cheska Fausto and Matt Lozano serving as the current cast. It is the longest running comedy show in the Philippines.
The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 American mystery-thriller film directed by Ron Howard. The screenplay was written by Akiva Goldsman and based on Dan Brown's worldwide bestselling 2003 novel, The Da Vinci Code. It was produced by Howard with John Calley and Brian Grazer and released by Columbia Pictures in the United States on May 19, 2006.
The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas is a broadcast media organization in the Philippines which provides its members broadcasting standards. The KBP was organized on April 27, 1973 in order to promote professional and ethical standards in Philippine broadcasting both in radio and television.
The Australian Classification Board is an Australian government statutory body responsible for the classification and censorship of films, video games and publications for exhibition, sale or hire in Australia. The ACB was established in 1970 and was once part of the Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC), which was dissolved in 2006. The Department of Communications and the Arts provided administrative support to the ACB from 2006 until 2020, when it was merged into the 'mega department' of the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. Decisions made by the ACB may be reviewed by the Australian Classification Review Board. The ACB now operates under the Commonwealth Classification Act 1995. The ACB is made up of a director, a deputy director, and three other board members, appointed by the government for three- or four-year terms, and temporary board members. The ACB is located in Sydney, New South Wales.
Armida Siguion-Reyna was a Filipina singer, film and stage actress, producer and television show host. She was the chairperson of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board during the Estrada administration from 1998 to 2001.
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Mary Grace Natividad Sonora Poe-Llamanzares is a Filipino politician, businesswoman, educator, and philanthropist serving as a senator since 2013. She was the chairperson of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) from 2010 to 2012.
Ryzza Mae de Guzman Dizon is a Filipino teen actress and television personality. She rose to prominence in 2012 when she won that year's edition of Eat Bulaga!'s Little Miss Philippines. She is currently the second youngest host in the variety show Eat Bulaga!
My Husband's Lover is a 2013 Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is the first gay-themed drama series in Philippine television. Directed by Dominic Zapata, it stars Dennis Trillo in the title role, Tom Rodriguez and Carla Abellana. It premiered on June 10, 2013 on the network's Telebabad line up, replacing Love & Lies. The series concluded on October 18, 2013, with a total of 94 episodes.
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In the Philippines, censorship involves the control of certain information.
The Kenya Film Classification Board is a state corporation that operates under the Government of Kenya whose mandate is to "regulate the creation, broadcasting, possession, distribution and exhibition of films by rating them." The Board was founded in 1963 with the commencement of the laws outlined in the Films and Stage Plays Act of 1962 and has since involved itself in the rating and classification of films and television programmes. More recently, it has caused controversy by banning several films, such as the American box office success The Wolf of Wall Street, the Kenyan film Stories of Our Lives, Rafiki, and the 2015 film Fifty Shades of Grey based on the novel of the same name. The Board has also regulated television content, including advertisements.
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