Movie and Television Review and Classification Board

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Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB).svg
Agency overview
FormedOctober 5, 1985;39 years ago (1985-10-05)
Preceding agency
  • Board of Censors for Motion Pictures (1969–1985)
Type Film and television classification
Headquarters18 MTRCB Building, Timog Avenue, Quezon City, 1103, Metro Manila, Philippines
Motto Filipino: "Para sa Matalino at Responsableng Panonood"
(transl. For intelligent and responsible viewing)
Agency executive
Parent agency Office of the President of the Philippines
Website mtrcb.gov.ph

The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (Filipino : Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon; [1] abbreviated as MTRCB) is a Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that is responsible for the classification and review of television programs, motion pictures and home videos.

Contents

Unlike other organizations worldwide (such as the BBFC), the Board does not rate video games. Thus, both the ESRB system used in the United States, and IARC system are the de facto rating systems used in the Philippines, although there have been attempts at formulating an independent local rating system. [2] Certain video game vendors ask for a valid ID or any other verification to be able to buy M- and AO-rated games. The Board also does not rate literature. [3]

The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board also serves as a de facto censorship body. [4]

History

The MTRCB was initially created as the Board of Censors for Motion Pictures by virtue of Republic Act 3060 signed by President Carlos P. Garcia in 1961 and directly subordinate to the Office of the President. [5] Over the years, its name and powers were changed and expanded by succeeding administrations. In 1980, as part of Executive Order No. 585 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos during the Martial Law, the Board was reconstituted to include senior officials of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Public Information and the National Intelligence and Security Authority (NISA). [6] To reflect the rising influence of television in the Philippines, the agency was renamed into the Board of Review for Motion Pictures and Television by virtue of Executive Order No. 745 issued by Marcos in 1981. [7] In 1983, its scope was expanded to include live entertainment, and as such the Board was renamed by Marcos into the Board of Review for Motion Pictures, Television and Live Entertainment by virtue of Executive Order No. 868. Controversially, it was also given the power to bar any film deemed "subversive" in content and "undermining faith in the government" [8]

Ultimately, the economic and political crisis of the 1980s led the Marcos regime to abolish the board and replace it with the current Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 1985 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1986. [9] After the fall of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the Board was reconstituted to remove defense and security officials and reduce its composition to civilian personnel, though the ban on subversive material remains. In the 1990s, an Appeals Committee was created to allow appeal and reversals of the MTRCB's decisions. [10]

The Board

The chairman, the vice-chairman and the other 30 Board members compose the Board. Each one holds office for a term of one year, but may be reappointed after the expiration of their term. Diorella Maria Sotto-Antonio has been the board chairman since July 7, 2022. [11]

List of board chairpersons

NameOfficeTermAppointed by
Guillermo de Vega Board of Censors for Motion Pictures1969–1975 Ferdinand Marcos
Ma. Rocio Atienza de Vega1975–1981
Maria Kalaw Katigbak 1981–1985
Manuel Morato Movie and Television Review and Classification Board1986–1992 Corazon Aquino
Henrietta Silos Mendez1992–1995 Fidel V. Ramos
Jesus C. Sison1995–1998
Armida Siguion-Reyna 1998–2001 Joseph Estrada
Nicanor Tiongson 2001 (acting) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Alejandro Roces 2001–2002
Marilen Ysmael-Dinglasan2002 (acting)
Dennis G. Manicad2002–2003
Ma. Consoliza "Marissa" Laguardia2003–2010
Grace Poe 2010–2012 Benigno Aquino III
Emmanuel Borlaza 2012 (acting)
Eugenio "Toto" H. Villareal2012–2017
Maria Rachel Arenas 2017–2021 Rodrigo Duterte
Jeremiah P. Jaro2021–2022
Jose "Johnny" Revilla [12] [13] 2022 Bongbong Marcos
Diorella Maria Sotto-Antonio2022–present

Classification ratings

Movies

The rating labels used in the Philippines for feature films. Philippines content rating.svg
The rating labels used in the Philippines for feature films.

While the MTRCB primarily rates most films released in commercial cinemas, independent and art-house films released in the Philippines are not rated by the MTRCB themselves. Instead, they are rated through the Film Development Council of the Philippines and the Film Cultural Exchange Program (FCEP) through the FDCP rating system pursuant to the agreed-upon guidelines by the FDCP and the MTRCB. [14]

Summary

Description [15]
G
Viewers of all ages are admitted.
PG
Viewers under 13 years old should be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult.
R-13
Only viewers who are 13 years old and above can be admitted.
R-16
Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted.
R-18
Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted.
X
"X-rated" films are not suitable for public exhibition.

Except for G, all MTRCB cinema ratings are mandatory. No children under the age of 13 may be admitted to a PG-rated film unless when accompanied by an adult. All cinemas are required to check the ages of all patrons who wish to view age-restricted content in a cinema. It is against the law for moviehouses to admit underage patrons into age-restricted content in a cinema. The public exhibition of an "X-rated" film in the Philippines is a serious criminal offense and may lead to more severe disciplinary actions.

General Audience ("G")

 G Viewers of all ages are admitted. A "G" classification advises parents or supervising adults that the film is suitable for all audiences, provided there are no depictions of sex and violence.

Parental Guidance ("PG")

 PG Viewers below 13 years old should be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult. A "PG" classification advises parents or supervising adults that the film may contain material whose treatment is suitable for children below 13 years of age.

Restricted-13 ("R-13")

 R-13 Only viewers who are 13 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-13" classification advises parents, supervising adults, or the would-be viewers themselves, that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 13 years of age.

This rating is for 13 years old and above.

Restricted–16 ("R-16")

 R-16 Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-16" classification advises viewers, parents, and supervising adults that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 16 years of age.

This rating is for 16 years old and above.

Restricted-18 ("R-18")

 R-18 Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted. An "R-18" classification advises viewers, parents, and supervising adults that the film may contain any of the elements that may not be suitable for children below 18 years of age.

This rating is for 18 years old and above. SM Cinema does not show films in their cinemas classified by this rating.

Not for Public Exhibition ("X")

 X "X-rated" films have been deemed by the board to be unsuitable for public exhibition.

A film shall be disapproved for public viewing if, in the judgment of the Board:

  1. The average person, applying contemporary community standards and values, would find that the dominant theme of the work, taken as a whole appeals solely to the prurient interest and satisfies only the craving for gratuitous sex and/or violence.
  2. The film depicts in a patently lewd, offensive, or demeaning manner, excretory functions and sexual conduct such as sexual intercourse, masturbation and exhibition of the genitals.
  3. The film clearly constitutes an attack against any race, creed, or religion.
  4. The film condones or encourages abuse and exploitation against women and/or children.
  5. The film promotes or endorses the use of illegal drugs and substances.
  6. The film tends to undermine the faith and confidence of the people in their government and/or duly-constituted authorities.
  7. The film glorifies criminals or condones crimes.
  8. The film may constitute contempt of court or of a quasi-judicial tribunal, or may pertain to matters which are subjudicial in nature.

Television

The MTRCB has implemented a television content rating system since November 1, 1995. Historically, there were only two television ratings used (see the table below). These ratings consisted of a plain text digital on-screen graphic (or pictogram) appearing on the corner of the screen during a program's run time.

Summary

System used from November 1, 1995 to October 5, 2011 (ABS-CBN, Radio Philippines Network and GMA Network)
February 11, 2015 to May 9, 2018 (both Yey! and Cine Mo!); July 2, 2020 to present (Cine Mo! only)
July 20, 2019 to present (PTV-4 and Island Living on BEAM TV only)
PictogramRating
None
Plain text (PTV-4 (some programs notably NHK E), Island Living on BEAM TV only from July 2019 – present)		General Patronage
Plain text onlyParental Guidance
None
Plain text (Cine Mo!)		Strong Parental Guidance
System used from October 6, 2011, to present
PictogramRating
G
General Patronage
PG
Parental Guidance (Patnubay at Gabay)
SPG
Strong Parental Guidance (Striktong Patnubay at Gabay)

On October 6, 2011, in order to encourage parents to supervise and be responsible with their children in watching television, the rating system was reformatted, with one additional rating added. [16] [17] [18]

The ratings notice are always played before the start or midway of the show. The rating voice-overs are usually in Filipino, but predominantly English-language stations have the ratings notice spoken in English (within abroad, GMA Pinoy TV, GMA Life TV, GMA News TV International, Kapatid Channel, AksyonTV International, The Filipino Channel, Cinema One and ANC; only spoken in English). Ratings notices were previously broadcast in a 4:3 aspect ratio, but has since been broadcast in a 16:9 widescreen format.

The green 'G', blue 'PG' and red 'SPG' graphic/DOG below are usually seen on the lower right or upper left corner of the screen during the entire show. All programs shown by the television channels are reviewed and classified by the said board. The board may suspend, reject or cancel programs, but cannot revoke broadcast licenses.

General Patronage ("G")
MTRCB General Patronage.svg

 G Suitable for all ages. Material for television, which in the judgment of the Board does not contain anything unsuitable for children.

It appears in children's programming, concert specials, and educational programming, as well as some documentaries, home shopping blocks, talent reality shows, and religious programming.

A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written verbal advisory to the effect that the program is classified as "General Patronage" shall be broadcast for at least 10 seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular television material classified as such.

Parental Guidance / Patnubay at Gabay ("PG")
MTRCB Parental Guidance.svg

 PG Parental guidance suggested. Material for television, which, in the judgment of the Board, may contain some adult material that may be permissible for children to watch but only under the guidance and supervision of a parent or adult.

The television program classified as "PG" must, in the judgment of the Board, meet the following criteria:

  1. Theme – More serious issues may be tackled but the treatment must be suitable to children below 13 years old.
  2. Language – Very mild swear words only shall be allowed. Use of a strong expletive in a sexual context or sexually-based expletives shall not be allowed. Neither shall prolonged and/or successive use of expletives be allowed.
  3. Nudity – Occasional natural, non-sexual nudity, is permissible.
  4. Sex – Graphic depiction of sexual activity shall not be permitted. Sexual activity may be implied but with no details shown.
  5. Violence – There should be no glamorization of weapons and crimes. No detail of fighting or other dangerous techniques. No detail or prolonged showing of violence or suffering.
  6. Horror – Scary sequences must be mild and brief.
  7. Drugs – There may only be implied depiction of prohibited drugs and/or substances or their use provided it does not condone, encourage or glamorize drug and/or substance use and it should be necessary to the theme and characterization.

A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written and verbal advisory to the effect that the program is classified as "Parental Guidance" shall be broadcast for at least 10 seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular television material classified as such. GMA Network's Wowowin airs two PG DOGs, the second one being the cue for regional stations to join in the Manila feed.

Strong Parental Guidance / Striktong Patnubay at Gabay ("SPG")
MTRCB Strong Parental Guidance.svg
MTRCB Strong Parental Guidance Filipino.svg

 SPG Stronger and more vigilant parental guidance is suggested. Programs classified as "SPG" may contain more serious topics and themes, which may not be advisable for children to watch except under the very vigilant guidance and presence of a parent or an adult.

Television programs classified as "SPG" must still fall within the parameters of the existing Parental Guidance classification rating. However, to merit the issuance of an "SPG" rating, the gravity of the material must, in the judgment of the Board, be leaning towards the maximum allowable for Parental Guidance rating. In determining the proper classification rating, the Board shall consider the purpose, genre, and time slot of the program as well as the treatment and depiction of attendant factors such as, but not limited to: Theme (Tema), Language (Lenggwahe), Violence (Karahasan), Sex (Sekswal), Horror (Horror) and Drugs (Droga).

In the exercise of its judgment, the Board shall take due consideration of balancing the interest of the State to protect the welfare of the youth with the interest of the broadcast networks to freedom of expression.

A pictogram advisory accompanied by a full-screen written advisory with voice over to the effect that the program is classified as "Strong Parental Guidance" shall be broadcast for at least 20 seconds, immediately before the opening credits and midway in the full airing of the particular television material classified as such. The full-screen advisory shall specifically declare the content descriptors pertinent to the program being shown, such as but not limited to: Theme (Tema), Language (Lenggwahe), Violence (Karahasan), Sex (Sekswal), Horror and Drugs (Droga).

The SPG rating was implemented on February 9, 2012. [19]

Disapproved for Airing on Television ("X")

Any television program that does not conform to the "G", "PG", and "SPG" classification shall be unfit for television broadcast if, in the judgment of the Board applying contemporary Filipino cultural values as standard, it is objectionable for being immoral, indecent, contrary to law and/or good customs, injurious to the prestige of the Republic of the Philippines or its people, or with a dangerous tendency to encourage the commission of violence, or of a wrong, or crime, such as but not limited to:

  1. The average person, applying contemporary community standards and values, would find that the dominant theme of the work, taken as a whole appeals solely to the prurient interest and satisfies only the craving for gratuitous sex and/or violence.
  2. The work depicts in a patently lewd, offensive, or demeaning manner, excretory functions, and sexual conduct such as sexual intercourse, masturbation and exhibition of the genitals.
  3. The work clearly constitutes an attack against any race, creed or religion.
  4. The work condones or encourages abuse and exploitation against women and/or children.
  5. The work promotes or endorses the use of illegal drugs and substances.
  6. The work tends to undermine the faith and confidence of the people in their government and/or duly constituted authorities.
  7. The work glorifies criminals or condones crimes.
  8. The work is libelous or defamatory to the good name and reputation of any person, whether living or dead.
  9. The work may constitute contempt of court of a quasi-judicial tribunal, or may pertain to matters, which are subjudicial in nature.

Home videos

The Optical Media Board formerly governed censorship for home video releases; this has since been managed by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board.

Before 2015, unlike the theatrical ratings, only three are applied to video releases and printed on labels: General Audience (G) for films previously rated G in cinemas, Parental Guidance (PG) for most PG and some R-13 or R-16 titles (with cuts for the R-ratings), and Restricted For Adults (R) for some R-13, many R-16, and most R-18 titles [without cuts for R-16 and R-18, including films released unrated or with adults-only rating equivalents (e.g. R, 18, M18, NC-17, Category III, and R21) outside the Philippines].

Since 2015, the theatrical ratings were applied as home video ratings, replacing the previous system.

In addition to issuing parental ratings for home video content, routine inspections are also conducted at public transport terminals where passenger buses equipped with onboard entertainment systems can be found, to ensure that the films in question are approved by both agencies for public exhibition and are free of inappropriate content. [20]

Advertisement materials are generally outside the scope of the board. Exemptions are "publicity materials" that are those "used to generate public interest in a motion picture or television program such as teasers or promos of television programs, movie trailers, print advertisements, still photos, photo frames, leaflets, posters and billboards and other related media". [21]

Radio

The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP; English: Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines), an association unrelated to the government, governs censorship on radio.

Internet

Although the board itself does not govern nor does it censor TV shows and movies online, video streaming services such as Viu, Disney+, WeTV iflix, Netflix, iQIYI, Apple TV+, HBO Go, and Amazon Prime Video make use of their own content rating systems to ensure whether content is family-friendly or not.[ citation needed ]

On September 3, 2020, it was reported that MTRCB wanted to seek the "regulation" of video content that is provided by streaming platforms such as Netflix. According to Atty. Jonathan Presquito, the MTRCB legal affairs division chief, there is a necessity proceed with the regulation, especially because several video content are unrated. [22] However, the move was strongly criticized by several groups and people, noting that the MTRCB has become a tool of censorship. [23] Senator Franklin Drilon said that the move was "very impractical". [24]

Controversies

Despite touting itself as promoting Filipino values and "intelligent viewing", the board has drawn criticism from filmmakers and special interest groups for its vested interest in the film and television industries, de facto censorship, stifling of creative freedoms on the grounds of family-friendliness, and allegations of inaccuracy in film and television ratings. [25]

Critics contend that the board has not rated certain media, particularly international superhero, action and fantasy films, such as Michael Bay's Transformers and the Harry Potter series (based on the novels by J.K. Rowling), along with locally produced romantic comedies, strongly for violent or sexual themes, noting the arbitrary and biased classification based on board members' opinions on certain films for mature audiences yet overlooking certain scenes or themes that would be given a higher rating elsewhere. [26]

Since 2019, MTRCB announced that they banned movies like Abominable , and Uncharted immediately due to the film's scene involving the nine-dash line at the map of South China Sea, being reached out of controversy at the Southeast Asia (including Philippines). [27] [28] [29] [30]

In 2024 the Board under Sotto received criticism for its stifling of free expression and religious convictions of their members forming the basis of their censure of audiovisual works, particularly in the films Alipato at Muog and Dear Satan , the former banned for "undermining the faith and confidence" of the country's institutions and the latter for perceived glorification of Satan as a being who redeemed himself after unsuccesfully tempting a young girl into evil. [31] The Directors’ Guild of the Philippines Inc. (DGPI) accused the board of overreach in their mandate by basing their verdict on Dear Satan on Lala Sotto's religious convictions; while Dear Satan was ultimately shelved when the MTRCB reaffirmed its decision, they re-rated Alipato at Muog after a formal appeal and protests by JL Burgos and various activists at the MTRCB office. [32] [33]

Content sanctions

Aside from administering parental ratings for movies and television shows, the MTRCB also reserves the right to sanction a certain program or movie depending on the gravity of the violation as a means of disciplinary action. This includes all content sanctions by the MTRCB on domestically produced contents. However, cases focusing on suspension of television program broadcasting and movies banned for public screening are covered in separate articles.

International content

Domestic content

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Mga Pangalan ng Tanggapan ng Pamahalaan sa Filipino" (PDF). Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (in Filipino). 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Restrictions On Video Games Proposed". Manila Bulletin . Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. January 6, 2013. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Age restrictions on literature - Concrete". February 11, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  4. ↑ Freedom of Expression and the Media in the Philippines (PDF). Article19, Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 2005. p. 44. ISBN   1902598806. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  5. ↑ Republic Act No. 3060 (June 17, 1961), AN ACT CREATING THE BOARD OF CENSORS FOR MOTION PICTURES
  6. ↑ Executive Order No. 585 (March 22, 1980), RECONSTITUTING THE BOARD OF CENSORS FOR MOTION PICTURES
  7. ↑ Executive Order No. 745 (November 13, 1981), CHANGING THE NAME OF THE BOARD OF CENSORS FOR MOTION PICTURES TO BOARD OF REVIEW FOR MOTION PICTURES AND TELEVISION
  8. ↑ Executive Order No. 757 (February 1, 1983), REORGANIZING THE BOARD OF REVIEW FOR MOTION PICTURES AND TELEVISION CREATED UNDER REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3060, AS RENAMED AND RECONSTITUTED UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDERS NOS. 585, 745 AND 757, AND EXPANDING ITS FUNCTIONS, POWERS AND DUTIES
  9. ↑ Presidential Decree No. 1986 (October 5, 1985), CREATING THE MOVIE AND TELEVISION REVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION BOARD
  10. ↑ "MTRCB heads that said "Cut!"". PEP.ph. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  11. ↑ "MTRCB Officials". Official Website. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  12. ↑ Gabinete, Jojo (July 7, 2022). "Johnny Revilla, itinalaga bilang bagong chairman ng MTRCB". PEP.ph (in Filipino and English). Philippine Entertainment Portal, Inc. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  13. ↑ Gabinete, Jojo (July 7, 2022). "Appointment ni Johnny Revilla bilang MTRCB chair, binawi? Lala Sotto, itinalaga sa parehong posisyon". PEP.ph (in Filipino and English). Philippine Entertainment Portal, Inc. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  14. ↑ "FILM CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM (FCEP) - Film Development Council of the Philippines" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
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  17. ↑ Cruz, Marinel (October 6, 2011). "MTRCB revises rating system for TV shows". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  18. ↑ Matabuena, Julien Merced (October 6, 2011). "Revised TV classifications launched by MTRCB". Manila Bulletin . Archived from the original on October 17, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Bagong rating na 'Strong Parental Guidance,' ilulunsad ng MTRCB" (in Tagalog). DZMM. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  20. ↑ "MTRCB conducts surprise inspection at Cubao bus station". GMA News . GMA Network. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  21. ↑ "EDSA-Pwera ad not under MTRCB Jurisdiction". Philippine Information Agency. January 16, 2024.
  22. ↑ "MTRCB wants content in Netflix, other video streaming sites regulated". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  23. ↑ "Cultural workers, netizens slam the board's bid to regulate Netflix, other video sites". Cebu Daily News. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Drilon hits 'very impractical' plan of MTRCB to regulate content of Netflix, others". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  25. ↑ "10 Extremely Controversial MTRCB Decisions That Upset The Public". Filipiknow. August 3, 2015. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Is the MTRCB Really Helpful With Their Ratings? – Pelikula Mania". June 17, 2016. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  27. ↑ Mario Ritter Jr. (October 16, 2019). "Philippines Objects to 'Abominable' Movie Map". Voice of America . Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  28. ↑ "MTRCB bans 'Abominable' over China map–report". Philippine Daily Inquirer . October 18, 2019. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  29. ↑ Nguyen, Phuong (July 3, 2023). "Vietnam bans 'Barbie' movie over South China Sea map". Reuters. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  30. ↑ Argosino, Faith (July 4, 2023). "MTRCB deliberates whether to screen 'Barbie' movie in PH following Vietnam ban". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  31. ↑ Pasajol, Anne (September 6, 2024). "'Dear Satan' X-rating by MTRCB is 'illegal, unconstitutional'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  32. ↑
  33. ↑ Abad, Ysa (September 5, 2024). "MTRCB reclassifies 'Alipato at Muog' to R-16 rating amid protests". Rappler. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  34. ↑ "X-rated Teletubbies hit TV screens". South China Morning Post. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
  35. ↑ Saldajeno, Ivan Stewart (July 3, 2018). "Brawl ensues in Gilas-Australia game". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.
  36. ↑ Ramos, Christia Marie (November 1, 2021). "Netflix ordered to remove 'Pine Gap' episodes on China's nine-dash line – DFA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  37. ↑ "Manika". November 22, 2014. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2021– via IMDb.
  38. ↑ "'Party Pilipinas' put on probation over 'lewd' dance". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021.
  39. ↑ "Anne Curtis speaks up on 'wet look' number". ABS-CBN . February 28, 2013 [26 February 2013]. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Michael V., Rufa Mae, GMA execs summoned by MTRCB over naughty 'Bubble Gang' skit". Interaksyon. December 9, 2013. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  41. ↑ Marjorie Duran (June 6, 2014). "PCW alarmed over 'PBB' nude challenge". Manila Bulletin . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  42. ↑ "'It's Showtime' ipinatawag ng MTRCB dahil kay 'Pastillas Girl'". Pilipino Star Ngayon. October 6, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  43. ↑ Rappler.com (August 15, 2016). "MTRCB meets with 'Ang Probinsyano' producers over 'sexually suggestive' scene". Rappler . Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  44. ↑ V, Marcus (November 3, 2016). "Till I Met You execs summoned by MTRCB over racy Jadine scenes and innuendos". Kicker Daily News. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  45. ↑ "TILL-I-MET-YOU.pdf" (PDF). MTRCB. November 2, 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  46. ↑ Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine – from= Philippine Entertainment Portal
  47. ↑ lionheartv.net (August 13, 2023). "Eat Bulaga' accused of violating live broadcasting rules, MTRCB investigates" . Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  48. ↑ Pasajol, Anne (August 11, 2023). "'E.A.T.' summoned by MTRCB over host Wally Bayola's 'profane words'". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
  49. ↑ "MTRCB bans Private Convos with Doc Rica". Business World. January 31, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  50. ↑ "MTRCB junks appeal to put sex education show 'Private Convos with Doc Rica' back on air". Rappler. March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  51. ↑ Private Convos with Doc Rica. YouTube. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
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