2010 Bosnian general election

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2010 Bosnian general election
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
  2006 3 October 2010 2014  
Turnout56.57% (presidential) Increase2.svg 1.26 pp
56.53% (parliamentary) Increase2.svg 1.17 pp
Bosniak member of the Presidency
  Bakir Izetbegovic 2011.jpg Fahrudin Radoncic (cropped).jpg
Candidate Bakir Izetbegović Fahrudin Radončić
Party SDA SBB
Popular vote162,831142,387
Percentage34.86%30.49%
Croat member of the Presidency
  Zeljko Komsic.jpg Borjana Kristo 2014.jpg
Candidate Željko Komšić Borjana Krišto
Party SDP BiH HDZ BiH
Popular vote337,065109,758
Percentage60.61%19.74%
Serb member of the Presidency
  Visit of Nebojsa Radmanovic to the EC.jpg Mladen Ivanic crop.jpg
Candidate Nebojša Radmanović Mladen Ivanić
Party SNSD PDP
Popular vote295,629285,951
Percentage48.92%47.31%

Presidency members before election

Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak)
Željko Komšić (Croat)
Nebojša Radmanović (Serb)

Contents

Elected Presidency members

Bakir Izetbegović (Bosniak)
Željko Komšić (Croat)
Nebojša Radmanović (Serb)


All 42 seats in the House of Representatives
22 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
SDP BiH Zlatko Lagumdžija 17.338+3
SNSD Milorad Dodik 16.928+1
SDA Sulejman Tihić 13.057−2
SDS Mladen Bosić 8.404+1
SBB Fahrudin Radončić 7.954New
HDZ BiH Dragan Čović 6.9730
SBiH Haris Silajdžić 5.282−6
HK Zvonko Jurišić & Božo Ljubić 3.0520
NSRzB Mladen Ivanković-Lijanović 2.9910
PDP Mladen Ivanić 2.4410
DNS Marko Pavić 1.8110
DNZ Fikret Abdić 0.9210
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, parliamentary election, 2010.png
Colours denote the party with the most votes by municipalities.
Chairman beforeChairman after
Nikola Špirić
SNSD
Vjekoslav Bevanda
HDZ BiH

General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 3 October 2010. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments. [1]

The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. [2] In the presidential election, voters in the Federation elected Bosniak Bakir Izetbegović and re-elected Croat Željko Komšić, while voters in Republika Srpska re-elected Serb Nebojša Radmanović. The Social Democratic Party and the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats emerged as the largest parties in the House of Representatives, each winning 8 of the 42 seats.

Background

After the Bosnian War and the Dayton Agreement that ended the war, the constitution set out, in Article V, a tripartite rotational Presidency between the Bosniak, Croat and Serb entities. Each Presidency member serves a four-year term, with the Chairman of the Presidency rotation every 8 months, with the first chairman being the one with most votes in the election. [3]

Candidates

Presidency

There were three candidates for the Bosniak member of the Presidency: the incumbent Haris Silajdžić, of Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the owner of Dnevni avaz Fahrudin Radončić, of the Union for a Better Future and Bakir Izetbegović of the Party of Democratic Action and the son of Alija Izetbegović, the founding president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. [4]

The Croat candidate was: incumbent Željko Komšić from the Social Democratic Party, who was elected in 2006 when large numbers of Bosniaks voted for him rather than voting for a Bosniak candidate. [4]

The Serb candidate was: incumbent Nebojša Radmanović of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, who was expected to win. [4]

Campaign

Following the International Court of Justice's opinion that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate international law Republika Srpska's Prime Minister Milorad Dodik said there would be repercussions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the issue would be discussed in depth after the elections. [5] During his campaign Dodik reiterated support for the secession of Republika Srpska from Bosnia and Herzegovina and denied that the massacre in Srebrenica constituted a genocide. [6] Boris Tadić, president of Serbia, expressed his support for Dodik, Tadić stated that he was "here to support my friends who run RS in the best possible way". [7] [8] He was later criticised by the SDA for supporting "a man who openly denies genocide in Srebrenica and calls for secession of Republika Srpska." [7]

The Croat and Bosniak candidates were "strong supporters of a unified Bosnia," while Serb candidate advocated the separation of the Bosnian Serbs entity from the rest of the country. [9] Dodik asserted that "Only the Serb Republic is self-sustaining, Bosnia-Herzegovina is not." He had a "strategic partnership" with the Croat nationalist Dragan Čović to support each other's calls for greater independence or autonomy as the Croatian side advocated. The Bosniaks, however, said would fight for a united Bosnia, and sought a stronger federal government - a key condition for European Union membership. [10]

These polls were described as the most crucial since the civil war as a lot of campaigning focused on ethnic nationalism and voting for candidates of the same ethnicity. One political analyst, compared this campaign to that of 1990, before the breakup of Yugoslavia, when Bosnia had the choice of becoming a part of greater Serbia or an independent multi-ethnic country pointed out that "for exactly 20 years we have been spinning around in the same political pattern." [3]

The official campaign started on 3 September, and lasted for next 30 days. Hate speech in the election campaign in BiH has become a normal occurrence. Because of that, Central Election Commission announced that they will not tolerate any form of hate speech. [11] Nervousness of political parties was manifested through the violation of the Election Law of BiH, [11] and particularly through the manipulation of so-called public opinion research and publication in the form of paid advertising. The first phase of the media war waged mainly through portals and news releases.

The campaign was significant because politicians were allowed to "use all their weapons" in publicity. Experts stated that this campaign was something new in Bosnia and Herzegovina because it was creative as opposed to the earlier campaigns. [11]

Opinion polls

Opinion polls suggested Dodik's "Alliance of Independent Social Democrats" would remain the largest Serb party, as well as the country as a whole. The "Social Democratic Party" of Zlatko Lagumdžija would be the largest party in the federation, followed by the "Party of Democratic Action." [10]

An analyst at the "Why not?" NGO in Sarajevo suggested the elections importance was because "change will finally happen [...] because the ones who are in power now have proved they are not capable of leading the country and bringing the necessary reforms. Civil society has been very active about these elections and we hope this will have an impact." She said that if there were changes in the establishment ethnic relations would not be as tense. [10] An August 2010 survey of 2,000 respondents by the National Democratic Institute. suggested that voters on both sides are tired of nationalist rhetoric and pessimistic about the future of Bosnia. [12] 87 percent felt that nationalist parties are leading the country in the wrong direction. [12] Respondents said politicians discussed nationalist issues too much, while employment and economic issues were not discussed enough. [12] They thought that the biggest issue was unemployment, followed by corruption and crime. [12]

Results

In total, 3,126,599 citizens registered to vote. [2] There were 5,276 polling centres: 4,981 regular, 145 for voting in absentia, 143 for voting in person and 7 at Bosnian embassies abroad. [13] There were also 1,200 observers, including 485 international observers. [10]

The Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina ordered a recount of 66,138 votes that were declared void. [14] This could change the victory of Nebojša Radmanović, candidate of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), who won the Serb seat of the central presidency by a narrow margin of 9,697. [14] Mladen Ivanić of the Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) lost by less than two percent. [14]

Presidency

CandidatePartyVotes%
Bosniak member
Bakir Izetbegović Party of Democratic Action 162,83134.86
Fahrudin Radončić Union for a Better Future 142,38730.49
Haris Silajdžić Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina 117,24025.10
Ibrahim Đedović Democratic People's Union 13,3692.86
Mujo Demirović Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party 8,9511.92
Ðemal Latić Party of Democratic Activity 8,7381.87
Ibrahim Spahić Civic Democratic Party 6,9481.49
Izudin Kešetović Bosnian Party 4,2280.91
Aida JusićIndependent2,3470.50
Total467,039100.00
Croat member
Željko Komšić Social Democratic Party 337,06560.61
Borjana Krišto Croatian Democratic Union 109,75819.74
Martin Raguž Croatian Coalition 60,26610.84
Jerko Ivanković Lijanović People's Party Work for Prosperity 45,3978.16
Pero GalićIndependent1,5810.28
Mile KutleIndependent1,0690.19
Ferdo GalićIndependent9750.18
Total556,111100.00
Serb member
Nebojša Radmanović Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 295,62948.92
Mladen Ivanić Together for Srpska (PDPSDS)285,95147.31
Rajko PapovićUnion for a Democratic Srpska22,7903.77
Total604,370100.00
Valid votes1,627,52092.02
Invalid/blank votes141,0537.98
Total votes1,768,573100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,126,59956.57
Source: CEC

House of Representatives

BiH HoR 2010.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Democratic Party 284,43517.338+3
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 277,81916.928+1
Party of Democratic Action 214,30013.057–2
Serb Democratic Party 137,8448.404+1
Union for a Better Future 130,4487.954New
Croatian Democratic Union 114,4766.9730
Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina 86,6695.282–6
Croatian Coalition 50,0713.0520
People's Party Work for Prosperity 49,0502.9910
Party of Democratic Progress 40,0702.4410
Democratic People's Alliance 29,6581.8110
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party 28,7041.750–1
Bosnian Party 19,4411.1800
Our Party–New Socialist Party19,4351.180New
Party of Democratic Activity 18,0051.100New
Democratic People's Union 15,1530.9210
Democratic Party 15,0570.920New
Socialist Party 14,5730.8900
Serbian Radical Party "Dr. Vojislav Šešelj" 14,3200.8700
Party of the Penniless People11,6990.710New
Pensioners' Party 11,1580.6800
Serbian Radical Party 10,4830.6400
Serb Progressive Party8,6360.530New
Social Democratic Union 8,7550.5300
Croatian Peasant Party 8,0960.4900
National Democratic Party 6,6920.4100
Alliance for Srpska Democracy4,9110.300New
Democratic Party of the Disabled3,6240.2200
Party for the People3,1740.190New
Turnaround Coalition (GDS–NEP)2,4510.1500
LDSEES E-52,3050.1400
Independents570.000New
Total1,641,569100.00420
Valid votes1,641,56992.78
Invalid/blank votes127,6787.22
Total votes1,769,247100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,129,59956.53
Source: CEC

By entity

PartyFederationRepublika SrpskaTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Social Democratic Party 266,02326.07818,4122.9608
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 8,8100.860269,00943.3088
Party of Democratic Action 197,92219.40716,3782.6407
Serb Democratic Party 137,84422.1944
Union for a Better Future 124,11412.1646,3341.0204
Croatian Democratic Union 112,11510.9932,3610.3803
Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina 74,0047.25212,6652.0402
Croatian Coalition 49,5494.8625220.0802
People's Party Work for Prosperity 49,0504.8111
Party of Democratic Progress 40,0706.4511
Democratic People's Alliance 1,1470.11028,5114.5911
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party 28,1022.7506020.1000
Bosnian Party 19,2241.8802170.0300
Our Party–New Socialist Party11,9171.1707,5181.2100
Party of Democratic Activity 17,6341.7303710.0600
Democratic People's Union 14,8431.4513100.0501
Democratic Party 15,0572.4200
Socialist Party 14,5732.3500
Serbian Radical Party "Dr. Vojislav Šešelj" 14,3202.3000
Party of the Penniless People11,4621.1202370.0400
Pensioners' Party 11,1581.0900
Serbian Radical Party 10,4831.6900
Serb Progressive Party8,6361.3900
Social Democratic Union 8,6030.8401520.0200
Croatian Peasant Party 3,5220.3504,5740.7400
National Democratic Party 6,6921.0800
Alliance for Srpska Democracy4,9110.7900
Democratic Party of the Disabled3,5770.350470.0100
Party for the People3,1740.3100
Turnaround Coalition (GDS–NEP)2,0530.2003980.0600
LDSEES E-52,2900.220150.0000
Independents570.0100
Total1,020,293100.0028621,276100.001442
Valid votes1,020,29392.90621,27692.60
Invalid/blank votes78,0097.1049,6697.40
Total votes1,098,302100.00670,945100.00
Source: CEC

House of Peoples

The 15 members of the House of Peoples was elected following the elections by the parliaments of the two entities – 10 members by the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (5 Bosniaks and 5 Croats); and 5 members by the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the Federation this includes:

House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

PartyVotes%Seats
DirectCompensatoryTotal
Social Democratic Party 251,05324.5320828
Party of Democratic Action 206,92620.2217623
Union for a Better Future 121,69711.8911213
Croatian Democratic Union 108,94310.6410212
Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina 78,0867.63819
People's Party Work for Prosperity 48,2864.72-55
Croatian Coalition 47,9414.68415
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party 27,9522.73000
Party of Democratic Activity 19,2541.88101
Democratic People's Union 15,0821.47101
Bosnian Party 14,5921.43000
Pensioner's Party 13,8501.35000
Kokuz Party13,3401.30000
Our Party–New Socialist Party13,0291.27000
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 9,5050.93101
Social Democratic Union 7,9250.77000
Croatian Peasant Party–New Croatian Initiative 5,7250.56000
Party for the People4,2390.41000
LDSEES E-53,3840.33000
Turnaround Coalition (GDS–NEP)3,3370.33000
Democratic Party of the Disabled2,7800.27000
Party of the United Independent Democrats2,6440.26000
Right Way Party1,8750.18000
Democratic People's Alliance 1,2360.12000
Croatian Party of Rights "Dr. Ante Starčević"7950.08000
Socialist Party 530.01000
Total1,023,529100.00732598
Valid votes1,023,52993.21
Invalid/blank votes74,5426.79
Total votes1,098,071100.00
Source: CEC

Canton Parliaments

All 289 seats in the assemblies of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were up for election (Bosnian: skupština kantona, Croatian: sabor županije, Serbian Cyrillic: скупштина кантона).

Party Coat of arms of Una-Sana.svg
USK
Coat of arms of Posavina.svg
PK
Coat of arms of Tuzla Canton.svg
TK
Coat of arms of Zenica-Doboj Canton.svg
ZDK
Coat of arms of Bosnian Podrinje.svg
BPK
Coat of arms of Central Bosnia.svg
SBK
Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg
HNK
No coats of arms.svg
ZHK
Coat of arms of Sarajevo Canton.svg
KS
No coats of arms.svg
K10
Total
  Social Democratic Party (SDP)21,10423.388165.2456,18830.7735,72425.412,68224.4816,28517.339,00513.472520.7442,69224.199904.13186,015
  Party of Democratic Action (SDA)20,90223.161,60210,2945,05824,6835,14425.002,50922.9016,76417.849,92714.850031,45917.821,1304.72164,218
  Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH)7,2808.074522.9214,9958.2112,0558.57162814.866,6217.052,6343.940018,21310.322130.8964,091
  Party of Democratic Activity (A-SDA)11,01912.21004,3032.361,8221.302011.835550.59600.09001,7260.980019,686
  Union for a Better Future (SBB BiH)6,4387.135123.2919,08810.4518,11012.881,38312.6212,20712.994,9537.410030,61917.353041.2793,614
  Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH)5910.656,41341.195,6273.087,3305.210020,41721.7322,62333.8317,52651.651,8461.056,24726.0988,620
  Liberal Democratic Party (LDS)0000003690.26330.301570.17630.09001,5360.87002,518
  Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990)5270.58342522.003030.172,1811.55006,6337.068,32412.455,21115.365780.333,08012.8630,262
  Croatian Party of Rights (HSP BiH)70.014542.92****00**3,2354.844,35812.84**2,2849.5410,338*
  Croatian Peasant Party–New Croatian Initiative (HSS–NHI)006063.891350.075030.36002,9143.1000002430.141,2175.085,618
  People's Party Work for Prosperity 48375.363362.168,9804.929,0596.441,0859.905,7106.082,2623.383,88311.445,5493.142,2649.4643,965
  Democratic People's Alliance (DNS)900.1000000000650.070000001,2055.031,360
  Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party (BPS)8570.95006,7643.704,8253.437056.441,5081.601,1481.72008,5094.820024,316
  Democratic People's Union 11,84413.1200002500.18000050.0170.021960.11320.1312,334
  Pensioners' Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina 6550.73600.391,6740.922,9122.071451.329240.985240.784581.353,0951.750010,447
  Our Party (NS)9801.09350.222,5001.371,4931.06690.637880.841790.27008,3854.75740.3114,503
  Bosnian Party (BOSS)3140.35460.304,4292.431,9681.402552.331,1991.282000.30006,2473.540014,658
  Social Democratic Union (SDU BiH)8890.98004,5012.471640.12003620.3900006,0193.41890.3712,024
  Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 1,0121.12004500.253100.221301.191660.187941.19001,6410.933,08912.907,592
 Others9141.01------------------

Source - Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Party Coat of arms of Una-Sana.svg
USK
Coat of arms of Posavina.svg
PK
Coat of arms of Tuzla Canton.svg
TK
Coat of arms of Zenica-Doboj.svg
ZDK
Coat of arms of Bosnian Podrinje.svg
BPK
Coat of arms of Central Bosnia.svg
SBK
Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg
HNK
No coats of arms.svg
ZHK
Coat of arms of Sarajevo Canton.svg
KS
No coats of arms.svg
K10
Total+/-
  Social Democratic Party (SDP)811310765-10161+18
  Party of Democratic Action (SDA)721010665-7255-19
  Croatian Democratic Union BiH (HDZ BiH)-812-71013-748+12
  Union for a Better Future (SBB BiH)2145343-7-29-
  Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH)3134422-4-23-36
  People's Party Work for Prosperity 2-2332131320+10
  Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990)-5---234-418-11
  Croatian Peasant Party–New Croatian Initiative -2---113-411-3
  Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party (BPS)--212---2-7-1
  Party of Democratic Activity (A-SDA)4---------4?
  Democratic People's Union (DNZ)4---------4-2
  Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD)---------33-2
  Bosnian Party/Social Democratic Union (BOSS/SDU)--------2-2-3
  Our Party (NS)--------2-2?
 Posavina Party (PS)-1--------1?
  Democratic People's Alliance ---------11?
 Total30213535253030233525  

Republika Srpska

Reactions

Štefan Füle, European commissioner for enlargement and neighbourhood policy, urged Bosnian politicians to speed up the establishment of State and Entity governments using the EU agenda as a negotiation base for coalition building. Füle underlined the need for constitutional amendments to ensure compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights and improve governance, for a new Census Law to provide reliable statistical data, and for the establishment of an independent state aid authority. [15]

The US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Bosnia and Herzegovina a week after the elections in an effort to push for political reforms to fully integration the entry into both the European Union and NATO. She also called for unity and criticised threats of secession of Srpska made by Milorad Dodik. [16] A US diplomat in Europe said he thought the reforms are necessary and that "the Bosnians need to follow up. The rest of the region is moving towards Europe, and Bosnia is going to have to overcome these ethnic divisions [...] if they want to go down this path." [17]

In the international media, the election was read as seeing the country "still mired in political deadlock and ethnic rivalry," because of a continued political stalemate that leaves the unique tripartite presidency split over the future of the country. This also meant a likelihood of a delayed economic recovery and the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union. [18]

Analysis

Komsic's 2010 election results by municipality expressed as a percentage of total valid votes for each municipality. Note that the Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency are elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, while the Serb member is elected from the Republika Srpska entity (greyed out on the map). Komsic 2010 Results by Municipality in Percentage.svg
Komšić's 2010 election results by municipality expressed as a percentage of total valid votes for each municipality. Note that the Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency are elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, while the Serb member is elected from the Republika Srpska entity (greyed out on the map).

Many officials of the Croatian Democratic Union party have claimed that the re-election of Željko Komšić (SDP) as the Croat member of the presidency was due to Bosniaks choosing to vote on the Croat list. [19] [20] [21] Bulk of the votes Komšić received came from predominantly Bosniak areas and he fared quite poorly in Croat municipalities, supported by less than 2,5% of the electorate in a number of municipalities in Western Herzegovina, such as Široki Brijeg, Ljubuški (0,8%), Čitluk, Posušje and Tomislavgrad, while not being able to gain not even 10% in a number of others. [22] Furthermore, total Croat population in whole of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is estimated around 495,000; [23] Komšić received 336,961 votes alone, while all other Croat candidates won 230,000 votes altogether. Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina consider him to be an illegitimate representative and generally treat him as a second Bosniak member of the presidency. [24] [25] [26] [27] This raised frustration among Croats, undermined their trust in federal institutions and empowered claims for their own entity or a federal unit, while opening so-called "Croatian question". [28]

The Social Democratic Party of Zlatko Lagumdžija appeared to be the biggest winner of the election, while the Party of Democratic Action contained their expected losses, while the Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina of Haris Silajdžić lost ground. The Alliance of the Independent Social Democrats of Milorad Dodik strengthened its presence in both Republika Srpska and at state level. None of the newly established parties, with the exception of Fahrudin Radončić's Union for a Better Future were able to pass the threshold and gain seats in either of the parliamentary bodies. [15] Two blocs can therefore be noticed at state level: the Alliance of the Independent Social Democrats and the Croatian Democratic Union on one side and the Social Democratic Party and the Party of Democratic Action on the other. The negotiations to form a new government at both Federation and State level are expected to take some time. [15]

In Republika Srpska, Dodik secured a stable majority, and his election as Entity President will likely signal a trend of presidentialisation of Srpska's political system, in line with what happened in Serbia after Boris Tadić's presidential election. [15] [ clarification needed ]

Aftermath

At the Federal level, the formation of government took place. There were two major coalitions which were formed after the election: Social Democratic Party, Party of Democratic Action, Croatian Party of Rights and People's Party Work for Betterment; and a looser grouping of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serb Democratic Party, Croatian Democratic Union and Croatian Democratic Union 1990.[ citation needed ] Neither group had a parliamentary majority, nor did they have full representation from the three constitutional peoples.[ original research? ]

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Željko Komšić is a Bosnian politician serving as the 6th and current Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2018. Previously, he was a member of the national House of Representatives from 2014 to 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nebojša Radmanović</span> Bosnian Serb politician

Nebojša Radmanović is a Bosnian Serb politician who served as the 5th Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2006 to 2014. He has been serving as member of the national House of Representatives since 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bakir Izetbegović</span> 6th Bosniak member of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bakir Izetbegović is a Bosnian politician who served as the 6th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2010 to 2018. He is the current president of the Party of Democratic Action (SDA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bosnia and Herzegovina–Kosovo relations</span> Diplomatic relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

The relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo are unofficial because Bosnia and Herzegovina's central government has not recognized Kosovo as an independent state, essentially through the veto of the Bosnian Serb-dominated Republika Srpska. Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency want to recognise Kosovo, but Serb members refuse. Bosnia and Herzegovina's constitution requires consensus among all three members in order to perform such an action. Bosnia-Herzegovina remains the only country of the former Yugoslavia that does not recognize Kosovo's independence.

Following the general election on 3 October 2010, a process of formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Council of Ministers had begun. The resulting election produced a fragmented political landscape without a coalition of a parliamentary majority more than a year after the election. The centre-left Social Democratic Party, the largest party in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Bosnian Serb autonomist Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, the largest party in Republika Srpska, each had 8 MPs of the total 42 MPs of the House of Representatives. Similarly, a crisis of government was also present at the local levels, as well as the Federal entity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Željka Cvijanović</span> Bosnian Serb politician (born 1967)

Željka Cvijanović is a Bosnian Serb politician serving as the 8th and current Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2022. She previously served as the 9th president of Republika Srpska from 2018 to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denis Bećirović</span> Bosnian politician (born 1975)

Denis Bećirović is a Bosnian politician, professor and historian serving as the 8th and current Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2022. He has also been serving as its chairman since March 2024. Previously, Bećirović was a member of the national House of Peoples from 2019 to 2022. He is also the current vice-president of the Social Democratic Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Bosnian general election</span>

General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 12 October 2014. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments. Voter turnout was 54.47%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proposed secession of Republika Srpska</span> Independence movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Dayton Agreement ended the Bosnian War and created the federal republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which consists of the Bosniak and Croat-inhabited Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Serb-inhabited Republika Srpska (RS). Although the Bosnian Serbs were viewed as "anti-Dayton" during the first years after the war, since 2000 they have been staunch supporters of the Dayton Agreement and the preservation of RS. Bosniaks generally view RS as illegitimate, and an independence referendum from BiH has been proposed in RS. The 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum and Kosovo's 2008 declaration of independence have raised the possibility of a referendum and unification with Serbia. In 2015, after a judicial and police crisis, the governing Alliance of Independent Social Democrats said that it would hold an independence referendum in 2018 if RS's autonomy was not preserved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Bosnian general election</span>

General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 7 October 2018. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity and cantonal governments. Voter turnout was 54%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Šefik Džaferović</span> Bosnian politician (born 1957)

Šefik Džaferović is a Bosnian politician who served as the 7th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2018 to 2022. He has been serving as member of the national House of Peoples since 2023. A high ranking member of the Party of Democratic Action, he was formerly its vice president and general secretary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Bosnian municipal elections</span>

Municipal elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 15 November 2020 to elect mayors and assemblies in 143 municipalities. Originally scheduled for 4 October, they were postponed due to a lack of funds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Bosnian general election</span>

General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2 October 2022. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's presidency as well as national, entity and cantonal governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Republika Srpska general election</span>

General elections were held in Republika Srpska on 2 October 2022 as part of the Bosnian general elections. Voters decided the President of Republika Srpska and the 83 members of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska.

References

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