2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks | |
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Part of the Kivu conflict, Allied Democratic Forces insurgency, and Ituri conflict | |
Location | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Date | 1 January – 31 December |
Attack type | Massacres and Ambushes |
Deaths | 1,316 (+69) |
Injured | 132 (+15) |
Perpetrators | Allied Democratic Forces, CODECO, Mai-Mai militias, FARDC (parts), FRPI, Mai-Mai Kata Katanga, FDLR, ISCAP, Ngumino-Twigwaneho, Ethnic groups |
The 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks were a series of attacks which took place in 2020. The attacks were mostly carried out by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a radical Islamist rebel group and the Cooperative for the Development of Congo (CODECO), an agricultural and religious group made up of ethnic Lendu people. The attacks left at least 1,316 people dead and 132 injured.
Date | Location | Dead | Injured | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 January | Mugunga neighbourhood, Goma | 1 | unknown | A man was killed after an attack by unknown armed men in Mugunga neighbourhood. [1] |
6 January | Kabumba and Mutwangano, Rutshuru Territory | 15 (+1) | 7 | The Nyatura Domi attacked the FARDC and the NDC-R in the villages of Kabumba and Mutwangano. The FARDC and NDC-R resisted and repelled the attack. 6 NDC-R fighters were killed, 9 civilians were killed, one Nyatura Domi was killed, and 7 NDC-R were wounded. [2] |
22 January | Beni Territory, North Kivu | 6 | unknown | 6 civilians were killed in an ADF attack in the Beni territory. [3] |
22 January | Mayi-Moy, Beni Territory | 11 | 1 | 11 civilians were killed and one was wounded in an ADF raid. [4] |
22 January | Mabasele neighbourhood, Oicha, Beni Territory | 2 | unknown | The ADF murdered a man and a 5-year-old child in Mabasele neighbourhood. The ADF also set fire to three houses. [5] |
28 January | Manzingi, Beni Territory | 38 | unknown | 38 civilians were killed in an ADF raid on the village of Manzingi. [6] [7] |
30 January | Mantumbi, Beni Territory | 13 | unknown | 13 civilians were killed in an ADF raid on the village of Mantumbi. [8] |
3 February | Kitso, Masisi territory | 14 | unknown | The Nyatura Jean-Marie attacked the NDC-R in the village of Kitso. The deaths were only among 14 civilians. [9] |
7 February | Beni territory, North Kivu | 8 | unknown | 8 civilians were killed in an ADF attack in the Beni territory. [10] |
9 February | Makeke, North Kivu | 7 | unknown | 60 ADF fighters attacked the village of Makeke, North Kivu, and kill seven people. [11] |
17 February | Beni territory | 10 | unknown | An ADF attack in Beni kills at least eight civilians, an intelligence agent, and a Congolese soldier. [12] |
17 February | Halungupa, Beni territory | 11 | unknown | 1 FARDC soldier and 10 civilians were killed in an ADF raid on Halungupa. They also looted and set fire to many places. [13] |
18 February | Southeast of Beni | 12 | unknown | ADF militants kill 12 people and burn down several houses southeast of Beni. [14] |
19 February | Virunga National Park | 5 | unknown | Five civilians were hostage by the ADF are found murdered near Virunga National Park. [15] |
1 March | northeastern Ituri province | 24 | 12 | CODECO militia fighters are accused of killing 24 civilians and injured 12 others in an attack on a village in northeastern Ituri province. [16] |
7 March | Mayangose, Beni Territory | 21 | unknown | 21 FARDC soldiers were killed in an ambush by the ADF. 3 PKM weapons, 7 RPG weapons and 11 AK47 weapons were stolen. MONUSCO peacekeepers brought the wounded soldiers back by helicopter. 8 FARDC soldiers are still missing. [17] |
30 March | North Kivu | 3 | unknown | An ADF skirmish left two people and one Congolese soldier dead. [18] |
7 April | Halungupa, Beni territory, North Kivu | 6 | unknown | 6 civilians were killed in an ADF at the village of Halungupa. [19] |
14 April | Beni territory, North Kivu | 3 (+5) | unknown | Two soldiers and a civilian were killed when ADF attacked the army in Beni. [20] |
15 April | Koli, Ituri | 22 | unknown | 22 civilians were killed in a CODECO attack on the village of Koli. [20] |
24 April | Virunga National Park | 18 | unknown | 18 people were killed including 12 park rangers when 60 FDLR militiamen ambushed their convoy. [21] |
25 April | Kavumu, Rutshuru territory | 2 | unknown | Soldiers from the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) killed a woman and her child in a field in the village Kavumu. [22] |
26 April | Birega, Rutshuru territory | 1 | unknown | RDF soldiers forced 4 men to carry goods for them. One of the men were killed by the RDF soldiers. [23] |
2 May | Marabho, Ituri | 12 (+8) | 2 (+6) | Kyini ya kilima attacked an army base and killed 12 people including 4 government soldiers. [24] |
16–17 May | Djugu territory, Ituri | 20 | 17 | 20 civilians were killed and 17 other wounded after an attack by the CODECO. [25] |
24 May | Beni territory | 9 | unknown | ADF fighters attacked civilians in Beni killing nine. The militants burned down houses, before retreating after a gunfight with the army. The army suffered several injuries during the gunfight. [26] |
25 May | Makutano | 17 | unknown | The ADF killed 17 people in Makutano. [27] |
25 May | Loselose, Beni territory | 9 | unknown | The ADF attacked the FARDC in the village of Loselose killing 2 soldiers and 7 civilians. 6 houses were also burned down. [28] |
26 May | Samboko, Ituri Province | 40 | unknown | The ADF attacked Samboko village in Ituri Province. The attackers killed 40 people using machetes and looted the village of food and valuables. [27] |
27 May | Otokaka-Makembi, Beni Territory | 23 (+7) | unknown | The ADF attacked the FARDC in the village of Otokaka-Makembi. In total 23 FARDC soldiers and 7 ADF militants were killed. [29] |
3 June | Moussa, Ituri | 16 | unknown | At least 16 people, including women and children, were killed by CODECO militiamen in Moussa village. [30] |
16 June | Eringeti-Kainama road, North Kivu | 6 | unknown | The ADF killed 6 civilians and burned 60 homes alone the Eringeti-Kainama road. [31] |
19 June | North Kivu | 9 | unknown | 9 people were kidnapped and then killed by the ADF in the North Kivu province. [32] |
20 June | Bukaka, North Kivu | 10 | unknown | 10 people were killed when the ADF Attacked the village of Bukaka. [32] |
20 June | Biangolo, North Kivu | 10 | unknown | Another 10 Civilians were killed when the ADF attacked the village of Biangolo. [33] |
21 June | Vukaka, Ituri | 10 | unknown | 10 people were killed when the ADF attacked the village of Vukaka. [33] |
22 June | Beni, North Kivu province | 1 | 1 | An Indonesian peacekeeper was killed and another one injured when ISCAP ambushed their convoy. [34] |
5 July | Bakua Tamba, Kasai | 7 | 17 | Seven people were killed over a land dispute between the Kuba and Luba communities over where they could cultivate land. [35] |
5 July | Matete, Djugu territory, Ituri | 11 | none | CODECO attacked two convoys coming from Bunia in the village of Matete and killed 11. [36] |
8 July | Djugu territory, Ituri | 20 | unknown | CODECO militia attacked the territory of djugu, north of Bunia, and killed 20 people. [37] |
8 July | Bounzenzele, Djugu territory | 39+ | 3+ | 400 to 500 CODECO militiamen raided the village of Bounzenzele killing 37 civilians and 2 FARDC soldiers. [38] |
9 July | Sindani-Akesi, Ituri | 25 | 10 | Members of the CODECO attacked the locality of Sindani-Akesi and targeted civilians. [39] |
16 July | Mwenga Territory, South Kivu | 220 | unknown | Kipupu massacre - More than 220 people were killed in Mwenga Territory, South Kivu. [40] |
20 July | Mayolo, Ituri | 5 | unknown | CODECO militia attacked the village of Mayolo, killing five people. [41] |
21 July | Andasia, Ituri | 7 | unknown | CODECO militia attacked the village of Andasia, killing seven people. [41] |
28 July | Mutido, North Kivu | 6 (+1) | unknown | 6 civilians and one ADF fighter were killed in an ADF attack on FARDC troops in Mutido village. [42] |
30 July | Sange, Uvira territory | 12 | unknown | A drunken soldier in Sange opened fire on passers-by, killing at least 12 people including a two-year-old girl. [43] |
31 July | Bukima, Rutshuru territory | 2 | 1 | Ex-M23 fighters attacked FARDC troops in the village of Bukima killing 2 soldiers and wounding another. The attackers also stole some weapons. [44] |
9 August | Ituri province | 19 | unknown | 19 people were killed when CODECO attacked 3 villages in Ituri Province. [45] |
14 August | Mbau, Beni territory | 4 | unknown | 4 farmers were killed in an ADF at the village of Mbau. [46] |
15 August | Mwenda, North Kivu | 8 | unknown | 8 people were killed in an ADF attack on the village of Mwenda. [46] |
15 August | Kpolowu, Ituri Province | 0 (+2) | 2 | ADF militants clashed with the army at the village of Kpolowu. [46] |
22 August | Kinziki-Matiba and Wikeno villages, North Kivu | 13 | unknown | Suspected Islamist militants killed 13 people during raids on two villages in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, the army and a village chief report. It is the latest of such attacks that the United Nations says may be war crimes. The ADF have killed more than 1,000 people since 2019, according to UN figures. [47] |
24 August | Mapasana and Mabuo villages, Beni territory | 20 | unknown | Twenty bodies were discovered in the villages of Mapasana and Mabuo. They are thought to be killed by the ADF. [48] |
25 August | Mbau, Beni territory | 4 | unknown | Four bodies were found in the village of Mbau after an attack by the ADF. [48] |
26 August | Beni territory | 20 | unknown | 20 people were killed in an ADF attack on 3 villages. [49] |
28 August | Tinameme, Beni territory | 11 (+2) | unknown | 8 FARDC soldiers and 3 civilians were killed when a FARDC convoy was ambushed by the ADF. 2 ADF militants were also killed. [50] |
31 August | Bilalombili and Ngez, Mwenga territory, South Kivu | 7 | 9 | A battle broke out when the Ngumino, Twiganeho, and Makanika attacked the FARDC in the villages of Bilalombili and Ngezi. The FARDC was able to protect finalist students who were doing their state exams in Mikenge, but the attacks were still able to kill 7 civilians, rape a girl, wound 8 civilians, and wound a soldier. Livestock were also stolen by the attackers and 250 houses were set ablaze. [51] |
8 September | Tshabi Area, Ituri Province | 23 | unknown | ADF militants, fleeing military pressure in Beni, stormed the village of Tshabi, killing 23 people. [52] |
10 September | Tshabi Area, Ituri Province | 35 | unknown | ADF militants once again attacked Tshabi, killing 35 people. It was the second attack in the town in two days. The terrorists assaulted civilians with knives and firearms and destroyed the village. [52] |
16 September | Lubero, North Kivu | 1 | 1 | A worker with the British charity World Vision was killed in an ambush on a humanitarian convoy in Lubero by Mai-Mai militias. The attack also left another injured. [53] |
20 September | Mbau, Beni territory, North-Kivu | 10 | unknown | ADF rebels killed 10 civilians in the town of Mbau. [54] |
20 September | Kitoho, Beni Territory | 14 | 2 | 13 civilians and one FARDC soldier were killed after a raid by the ADF. Another FARDC soldier and civilian were wounded. [55] |
24 September | Mutuanga, Beni territory, North-Kivu | 5 | unknown | ADF rebels killed 5 civilians in the town of Mutuanga. [56] |
25 September | Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province | 3 (+16) | unknown | 200 Mai Mai militiamen attack Lubumbashi and beheaded two policemen and a soldier before getting repelled with 16 casualties. [57] Mai-Mai Kata Katanga has also been blamed for the attack. [58] |
30 September | Ituri province | 5 (+6) | 4 (+6) | Three soldiers and 2 civilians were killed when Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI) attacked their positions. [59] |
3 October | Fizi territory, South Kivu | 3 | 2 | Three people were killed when a soldier of the Congolese army opened fire on a group of people. [60] |
5 October | Beni territory, North Kivu | 6 | Unknown | At least 6 people were killed when the ADF attack their village in North Kivu. [61] |
5 October | Mamove locality, Beni Territory | 10 | unknown | 10 civilians were killed after an attack by the ADF and Mai-Mai Kyandenga against the FARDC in Mamove. [62] |
16 October | Mayanza and Batibi, Ituri province | 10 | 1 | 10 Civilians were killed and one injured in an attack with machetes in the villages of Mayanza and Batibi by an unknown armed group. [63] |
16 October | Bakadinda, Irumu Territory, Ituri | 14 | unknown | 14 people were killed due to a conflict between two people groups in Bakadinda. [64] |
19 – 21 October | Tombwe sector, Mwenga territory and Lulenge sector, Fizi territory | 20 (+20) | unknown | Clashes between the Ngumino-Twigwaneho coalition and Mai-Mai militias lead to the death of 16 Ngumino-Twigwaneho militias, and 4 Mai-Mai militias. The administrator of the Fizi territory reported the death toll to be as high as 40 deaths, including civilians. [65] |
20 October | Beni, Beni territory, North Kivu | 2 | 0 | 1,335 prisoners were freed when militants attacked Kangbayi central prison and a military camp that provided security to it. So far at least 20 parishioners have been recaptured. 2 inmates were killed in the attack. The ADF has been blamed for the attack, but the ISCAP claimed responsibility for the attack. [66] [67] |
20 October | Lyakobo neighborhood, Beni city | 4 | unknown | Unidentified armed men who escaped from the Kangbayi central prison killed three men and a woman. [68] |
20 October | Mbilali, Beni territory | 3 | unknown | Unidentified armed men who escaped from Kangbayi central prison abducted and later killed three men. [69] |
20 October | Luoyi, North Kivu | 3 | 1 (+3) | Three policemen died, and one was wounded while letting artisanal miners escape from a mining site when an unidentified armed group attacked it. Three of the armed men were wounded. [70] |
23 October | Kibuana, Beni territory | 11 | unknown | 11 bodies were found in Kibuana after an ADF attack. [71] |
28 October | Baeti village, Oicha, North Kivu | 19 | 0 | Suspected ADF militants kill at least 18 people and burn down a church, along with 40 homes in an attack on the village of Baeti near Oicha in North Kivu. [72] |
29 October | Kukwe, Matungu, Titi, and Buakacha, Walikale territory. | 48 | unknown | The NDC-R killed at least 48 people in the villages of Kukwe, Matungu, Titi, and Buakacha. [73] |
30 October | village of Lisasa, Beni territory, North Kivu | 21 | unknown | An ADF attack killed 21 people in the village of Lisasa. People were also kidnaped, a health center was looted, homes were set on fire, and a Catholic church was vandalized. [72] |
3 November | Ezekere, Ituri | 5 | 5 | CODECO attacked a FARDC military post in the village of Ezekere and killed 5 soldiers and seriously injured 5 others. [74] |
3 November | Lumanza, Beni territory | 4 | unknown | The ADF killed 4 men in their fields in the village of Lumanza. [75] |
7 November | town of Kisima, Beni territory, North Kivu | 7 | unknown | An ADF attack killed 7 people in the village of Kisima. [76] |
7 November | Lio, Djugu territory, Ituri | 4 | 7 | The CODECO attacked the village of Lio and killed 4 people and wounded 7 others. The CODECO then fought with a self-defence group known as Zaire for a couple of hours until the army intervened. [77] |
8 November | Oicha, Beni territory, North Kivu | 6 | unknown | An ADF attack killed 6 people in Oicha city. [76] |
8 November | Koga, Ituri | 3 | unknown | FARDC soldiers clashed with the CODECO in Koga and killed 3 civilians. Those soldiers also allegedly burn down the villages of Tsumbr, Gokpa and Satchu, Penyi Groupement, Ituri after the clash. [78] |
9 November | Mbujimayi, Beni territory | 4 | unknown | The ADF raided the village of Mbujimayi and killed 4 civilians. [79] |
17 November | Gety, Walendu Bind chiefdom, Ituri | 1 | 2 | FRPI militiamen murdered a man and shot two of his family members. [80] |
17 November | Virunga National Park | 29 | unknown | 29 bodies were found in Virunga National Park after being killed by ADF terrorists. [81] |
17 November | Kokola, Beni territory, North Kivu | 6 | 1 | 6 People were killed after ADF militants attacked the village of Kokola. [81] [82] |
17 November | Baeti-Bunyuka, Batangi-Mbau Groupement | 7 | unknown | ADF killed 7 people in an attack on the village of Baeti-Bunyuka. [83] |
19–20 November | Kabare territory, South kivu | 2 | unknown | Unidentified gunmen killed a 17-year-old girl and a chiefdom tax collector in Karbare Territory. [84] |
21 November | Abuluma 1, Wazabho Groupement, Djugu territory | 3 | unknown | 3 people were shot dead when the CODECO attacked the village of Abuluma 1 and looted several houses. [85] |
12 December | Beni, North Kivu province | 6 | 24 | six were killed and 24 kidnaped in an ADF attack. [86] |
22 December | Bulongo, Kambalango district | 5 | 1 | four civilians and one soldier were killed in an ADF attack on the town of Bulongo, two others were injured. Six shops were also damaged by the group. [87] |
28 December | Losoloso, Beni territory, North Kivu | 17 | Unknown | The ADF attacked army camps in the village of Losoloso, killing 17 soldiers. [88] |
30 December | bijombo, south kivu | 6 | Unknown | Six civilian were killed by Ngumino and Twiganeho militias in a refugee camp in bijombo, south kivu. [89] |
31 December | Beni territory, North Kivu | 26 | unknown | 26 civilians were killed when the ADF killed farmers in their fields. [90] [91] |
The earliest known human settlements in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been dated back to the Middle Stone Age, approximately 90,000 years ago. The first real states, such as the Kongo, the Lunda, the Luba and Kuba, appeared south of the equatorial forest on the savannah from the 14th century onwards.
The Allied Democratic Forces is an Islamist rebel group in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It considered a terrorist organisation by the Ugandan government and the United States. It was originally based in western Uganda but has expanded into the neighbouring DRC. Most Ugandan ADF fighters are Muslims from the Baganda and Basoga ethnic groups.
The Ituri conflict is an ongoing low intensity asymmetrical conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the two groups had fought since as early as 1972, the name "Ituri conflict" refers to the period of intense violence between 1999 and 2003. Armed conflict continues to the present day.
Beni is a city in north eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, lying immediately west of the Virunga National Park and the Rwenzori Mountains, on the edge of the Ituri Forest.
The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War. Including neighboring Ituri province, there are more than 120 different armed groups active in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Currently, some of the most active rebel groups include the Allied Democratic Forces, the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo, the March 23 Movement, and many local Mai Mai militias. In addition to rebel groups and the governmental FARDC troops, a number of national and international organizations have intervened militarily in the conflict, including the United Nations force known as MONUSCO, and an East African Community regional force.
The United Nations Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) is a military formation which constitutes part of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). It was authorized by the United Nations Security Council on 28 March 2013 through Resolution 2098. Although it is not the first instance in which the use of force was authorized by the UN, the Force Intervention Brigade is the first UN peacekeeping operation specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to "neutralize and disarm" groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security. In this case, the main target was the M23 militia group, as well as other Congolese and foreign rebel groups. While such operations do not require the support of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC), the Force Intervention Brigade often acts in unison with the FARDC to disarm rebel groups.
The Allied Democratic Forces insurgency is an ongoing conflict waged by the Allied Democratic Forces in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, against the governments of those two countries and the MONUSCO. The insurgency began in 1996, intensifying in 2013, resulting in hundreds of deaths. The ADF is known to currently control a number of hidden camps which are home to about 2,000 people; in these camps, the ADF operates as a proto-state with "an internal security service, a prison, health clinics, and an orphanage" as well as schools for boys and girls.
Lubero is a town in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the administrative center of the Lubero Territory. Following the surrender of the Mai-Mai fighters in 2021, construction of a new market began in 2022, involving the mayor, ex-soldiers, "young people at risk and the vulnerable women". As of March 2014, the population of Lubero is not publicly known.
This a timeline of the Kivu conflict during 2020.
CODECO is a loose association of various Lendu militia groups operating within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The name is an abbreviation of the group's lesser-known full name, the Cooperative for Development of the Congo, sometimes also styled the Congo Economic Development Cooperative.
Mai-Mai Kyandenga is a Mai-Mai armed group operating in north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It claims to protect the local population of Beni Territory and their land. It still remains unclear what the actual goal of the group is and how much it has in connection with the Union of Patriots for the Liberation of Congo (ULPC), Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), and other Mai-Mai groups operating in the area.
Events in the year 2021 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Attacks were carried out by various armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021 and 2022. The attacks have killed 629 and injured 321. At least 82 perpetrators were also killed and one injured in these attacks.
Events in the year 2021 in the Republic of the Congo.
Djugu territory is a district of Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is also named Djugu.
Events of the year 2023 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Kishishe massacre occurred from November 29 to December 1, 2022, in the North Kivu village of Kishishe in the Rutshuru Territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The March 23 Movement, a predominantly Tutsi armed group, summarily killed at least 131 civilians in Kishishe following clashes with local militias, according to a preliminary United Nations investigation. At the same time, the Kinshasa authorities had previously reported approximately 300 fatalities. The attack also resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people who were forced to flee to other locations such as Kanyabayonga, Kibirizi, Kashala, Kirima, Nyanzale, Kashalira, Bambu, and Kitchanga. Some victims also sought refuge in neighboring countries due to the ongoing violence and instability in the region.
Events of the year 2024 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Operation Shujaa is an ongoing military offensive conducted by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda against insurgent forces in Kivu and Ituri, mainly Islamic State (IS) affiliates and the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). Launched in November 2021, it has resulted in significant losses for the targeted rebel forces and substantially reduced their activity. At times, the government forces engaged in Operation Shujaa have also fought non-ADF/IS rebel groups.
At 2am on March 15, 2021, jihadists from the Allied Democratic Forces attacked the town of Bulongo, Beni Territory, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 15 people.