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| See also: | Other events of 2021 Timeline of Eritrean history | ||||
Events in the year 2021 in Eritrea .
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| See also: | Other events of 2021 Timeline of Eritrean history | ||||
Events in the year 2021 in Eritrea .
| Photo | Post | Name |
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 | President | Isaias Afewerki |
| President of National Assembly |
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is the military force of Ethiopia. Civilian control of the military is carried out through the Ministry of Defense, which oversees the Ground Forces, Air Force, as well as the Defense Industry Sector.
Isaias Afwerki is an Eritrean political leader and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in May 1991, ending the 30-year-old war for independence from Ethiopia.
The Tigray War is an ongoing civil war that began on 3 November 2020 in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The local Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) are fighting the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), the Ethiopian Federal Police, regional police, and gendarmerie forces of the neighbouring Amhara and Afar regions with the involvement of the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF). All sides, particularly the ENDF, EDF, and TDF have committed war crimes during the conflict. Due to the onset of the war, a deep humanitarian crisis has developed. On 24 March 2022, the Ethiopian government declared an indefinite humanitarian truce, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. On 25 April 2022, the spokesperson for TPLF, Getachew Reda, told Reuters that they have completely withdrawn their troops from neighboring Afar region, in hopes of humanitarian aid entering the Tigray Region.
This Timeline of the Tigray War is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War, a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020.
The 2020–2022 Ethiopian–Sudanese clashes are an ongoing conflict between Sudan and Ethiopia, together with Amhara militants and Eritrea, in the disputed border region of al-Fashaga. Since 2008, Ethiopia has dropped all claims to the al-Fashaga as long as Sudan allowed Ethiopian farmers and militants to stay in the area undisturbed. With the outbreak of the Tigray War, Sudanese forces were able to move into the region due to an agreement with Ethiopia just three days before. When Amhara militants left to assist the federal government in the war, Sudanese forces started to drive out Ethiopian farmers, including the Amhara, effectively breaking the 2008 compromise. Ethiopia has also accused Sudan of killing Amhara farmers.
Events in the year 2021 in Ethiopia.
The Axum massacre was a massacre of about 100–800 civilians that took place in Axum during the Tigray War. The main part of the massacre occurred on the afternoon and evening of 28 November 2020, continuing on 29 November, with smaller numbers of extrajudicial killings taking place earlier, starting from 19 November and during the weeks following the 28–29 November weekend. The massacre was attributed to the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) by Amnesty International, Associated Press, the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC), Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Adigrat University lecturer Getu Mak.
The spillover of the Tigray War is the impact of the Tigray War on other countries, particularly in Sudan. This spillover mainly consists of Ethiopian refugees, more than 50,000 of which have crossed the Ethiopia–Sudan border. There have also been border clashes, mostly between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Ethiopian militias, but the Sudanese government has also claimed ambushes by the Ethiopian National Defense Force have taken place. Most of the fightings centered in Al-Fashaqa, a fertile plain claimed by both Sudan and Ethiopia.
The Adigrat massacres were mass extrajudicial killings by the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) that took place in and near Adigrat in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during late 2020 during the Tigray War. These included 86 civilians killed in Zalambessa around 13 November 2020, 8–15 in Hawzen on 25 November, 80–150 at the Maryam Dengelat church near Idaga Hamus on 30 November.
Events that happened during 2021 in East Africa. The countries listed are those described in the United Nations geoscheme for East Africa.
Casualties of the Tigray War refers to civilian and military deaths and injuries in the Tigray War that started in November 2020, in which rape and other sexual violence are also widespread. Claims of civilian deaths range from zero civilians killed in the late November Mekelle offensive, according to Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed on 30 November 2020 parliamentary statement, to a minimum estimate of at least 52,000 civilians killed by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF), Amhara militias, and other forces allied with the ENDF as of early February 2021, according to Tigrayan opposition political parties. On 16 February 2021, Getachew Reda of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) estimated that 100,000 soldiers had died in the Tigray War, while the Ethiopian government claims that 1,245 Ethiopian soldiers died in the Tigray war and 2 aircraft belonging to the Ethiopian Air Force were destroyed not to mention the Ethiopian economic losses itself. According to researchers at Ghent University in Belgium, as many as 500,000 people died as a result of violence and famine in the Tigray War.
War crimes have been committed during the Tigray War that started in November 2020.
The famine in the Tigray War is an acute shortage of food leading to death and starvation in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, which resulted from the Tigray War that started in November 2020. As of May 2021 there are 5.5 million people facing acute food insecurity and over 350,000 people experiencing catastrophic famine conditions. It is the worst famine worldwide since the 2011 famine in Somalia.
The Battle of Humera was fought between Ethiopia and allied forces against forces loyal to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in the city of Humera during the Tigray War. The battle took place from 9 to 11 November 2020, and is the first recorded time Eritrean troops saw action. It also led to the Humera massacre when Amhara and Ethiopian troops started beating and killing civilians. Many more civilians were killed and wounded because of the shelling during the battle.
The Tigrayan peace process is a series of proposals, meetings, agreements and actions that aim to resolve the Tigray War. Around 9 November 2020, Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and Tigray Region leader Debretsion Gebremichael asked the African Union to stop the war and requested peace negotiations; Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed refused to negotiate. On 25–27 November, a trio of former African presidents appointed by African Union chair Cyril Ramaphosa visited Ethiopia with the aim of mediating; they met Abiy and representatives of the Transitional Government of Tigray that officially replaced the elected TPLF Tigrayan government. An emergency Intergovernmental Authority on Development summit of East African heads of government and state met on 20 December 2020 in Djibouti, resulting in a statement of support for the Ethiopian constitutional order and humanitarian access to Tigray Region.
Events in Hawzen in the Tigray War included five mass extrajudicial killings that took place in Hawzen in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War in November and December 2020 and January and February 2021, looting and destruction Hawzen Primary Hospital by the Eritrean Defence Force (EDF), and the establishment of a rape camp in the hospital by the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF).
The Tigray Defense Forces, colloquially Tigray Army Is a rebel group in Tigray. It was founded by distant former generals of Ethiopia in 2020 to fight the federal government mandate and federal forces which enforce federal mandate in the regional state, in the Tigray War. The TDF is said to have experience with guerrilla warfare. Amnesty International and the Human Rights Watch have reported that TDF rebels have partaken in gang rapes and extrajudicial killings of civilians during their occupation of the Afar and Amhara regions. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Justice TDF rebels have been found responsible for at least 540 civilians deaths by 28 December 2021.
Many of the roots of the ongoing civil conflict within Ethiopia date back to the mid-twentieth century and earlier. Following the 2018 dissolution of the ethnic federalist, dominant party political coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, there was an increase in tensions within the country, with newly resurgent regional and ethnically based factions carrying out armed attacks on military and civilians in multiple conflicts throughout Ethiopia.
This Timeline of the Tigray War is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War, a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020.
This Timeline of the Tigray War is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War, a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020.
