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Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a multi-party system presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Honduras is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress of Honduras. The party system is dominated by the conservative National Party of Honduras, the Liberal Party of Honduras, and Liberty and Refoundation.
Porfirio Lobo Sosa also known by his nickname, Pepe Lobo, is a former Honduran politician businessman and agricultural landowner who served as 37th President of Honduras from January 27, 2010 to January 27, 2014. A member of the conservative National Party and a former deputy in the National Congress of Honduras from January 25, 1990, he was president of the National Congress of Honduras from January 25, 2002 to January 25, 2006. He came second to Manuel Zelaya with 46% of the vote in the 2005 general election. After the military ousted Zelaya in a coup d'état, Lobo was elected president in the 2009 presidential election and took office on January 27, 2010.
The National Party of Honduras is a conservative political party in Honduras founded on 27 February 1902, by Manuel Bonilla Chirinos. Historically it has been one of the two most influential parties in the country. The party's platform is based on Christian humanist doctrine, and its five main principles are common wealth, dignity of the human person, equality, solidarity and subsidiarity.
Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera, commonly known as "El Chapo", is a Mexican former drug lord and a former leader within the Sinaloa Cartel. Guzmán is believed to be responsible for the deaths of over 34,000 people, and was considered to be the most powerful drug trafficker in the world until he was extradited to the United States and sentenced to life in prison.
Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento, also known as Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, is a Honduran politician, who has served as the 39th president of Honduras since January 2022. She is the country's first female president, and served as first lady during the presidency of her husband Manuel Zelaya.
Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez is a Colombian former drug trafficker who was one of the founding members of the Medellín Cartel in the late 1970s. The cartel's key members were Pablo Escobar, Carlos Lehder, José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, Gustavo Gaviria, Jorge Ochoa, and his brothers Juan David and Fabio.
Crime in Honduras has become a growing matter of concern for the Honduran population in recent years. Honduras has experienced alarmingly high levels of violence and criminal activity, with homicide rates reaching a peak in 2012, averaging 20 homicides per day. Corruption, extortion, coercion, and drug smuggling also run rampant throughout Honduran society, preventing the nation from building trustworthy authorities like police, and severely limiting economic, social, or political progress. The situation has prompted international organizations and governments to offer assistance in combating crime in Honduras.
Juan Orlando Hernández Alvarado, also known by his initials JOH, is a Honduran lawyer, politician and convicted drug trafficker who was 38th president of Honduras from 27 January 2014 to 27 January 2022 for two consecutive terms.
Liberty and Refoundation is a left-wing political party in Honduras. Libre was founded in 2011 by the National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP), a leftist coalition of organizations opposed to the 2009 coup.
Salvador Alejandro César Nasralla Salum is a Honduran industrial civil engineer, sports journalist, television presenter, businessman, and politician who served as the First Vice President of Honduras from 2022 until his resignation in 2024.
The nations of Honduras and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1879. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
Juan Antonio Hernández Alvarado, known as Tony Hernández, is a Honduran convicted drug trafficker, lawyer, politician, member of the National Party of Honduras and former deputy in the National Congress of Honduras (2014–2018) representing Lempira. He is the brother of Juan Orlando Hernández, the former President of Honduras. On November 23, 2018, Juan Antonio Hernández was arrested in Miami on drug trafficking charges. On November 26, 2018, he was formally charged in a federal court with importing tons of cocaine into the United States between 2004 and 2016, as well as on weapons charges.
Events of 2021 in Honduras.
General elections were held in Honduras on 28 November 2021. Among the positions being contested was the President of Honduras, head of state and head of government of Honduras, to replace Juan Orlando Hernández from the National Party. Also up for election were the 128 deputies of the National Congress, 20 deputies to the Central American Parliament, 298 mayors and 298 vice mayors, as well as 2,092 council members.
The Salvadoran gang crackdown, known in El Salvador as the State of Exception or the War Against the Gangs, began on 27 March 2022 in response to a series of homicides committed by criminal gangs between 25 and 27 March 2022 which killed 87 people. After the killings, the Salvadoran government declared a state of emergency that suspended several constitutional rights and enabled the government to launch mass arrests of suspected gang members. The crackdown and state of emergency have since been extended 34 times as of 5 January 2025.
Events of 2022 in Honduras.
The Honduran gang crackdown, referred to in Honduras as the Régimen de Excepción, began in December 2022 after parts of the constitution were suspended to fight criminal gangs in the country.
The Terrorism Confinement Center is a maximum security prison located in Tecoluca, El Salvador. The prison was built in late 2022 amidst a large-scale gang crackdown in El Salvador and was opened by the Salvadoran government in January 2023.
Events of 2023 in Honduras.
Corruption in Honduras is a serious problem, affecting various aspects of governance and the Honduran society. Out of the 180 nations listed in the Transparency International’s 2023 corruption Index, it ranked 154th making it one of the lowest performing countries in the Latin American region. It only ranked better than Nicaragua, Haiti, and Venezuela. Corruption is one of the factors, along with drug-related crimes and poverty, that reinforce and perpetuate the fragility of the rule of law in the country.
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