274th Rifle Division

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274th Rifle Division
Active
  • 1st formation: July–October 1941
  • 2nd formation: March 1942 – summer 1945
Country Soviet Union
Branch Red Army
Type Rifle division
Engagements World War II
Decorations
Battle honours
Commanders
Notable
commanders

The 274th Rifle Division (Russian : 274-я стрелковая дивизия) was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II, formed twice.

Russian language East Slavic language

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although, nowadays, nearly three decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia, the rise of state-specific varieties of this language tends to be strongly denied in Russia, in line with the Russian World ideology.

Soviet Union 1922–1991 country in Europe and Asia

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk.

Red Army 1917–1946 ground and air warfare branch of the Soviet Unions military

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, frequently shortened to Red Army was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in December 1991.

Contents

The division was first formed in the summer of 1941 and was destroyed in Ukraine during the fall of that year, Reformed in the spring of 1942, the division served through the entire war before being disbanded postwar in the summer of 1945.

History

First Formation

The 274th began forming on 10 July 1941 at Zaporizhia, part of the Odessa Military District. Its basic order of battle included the 961st, 963rd, and the 965th Rifle Regiments, as well as the 814th Artillery Regiment. Still incomplete when the front line reached the division, the 274th was assigned to the Southern Front's 12th Army, defending the lower Dnieper. After the Soviet encirclement in the Battle of Kiev, the 1st Panzer Group advanced south into the front's northern flank in the rear of the 12th Army. The division, which had never received its full complement of artillery or anti-tank weapons, suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. On 1 October, the 961st Rifle Regiment was detached to the 15th Rifle Division, and by 20 October the division's remnants were used as replacements for the 4th Rifle Division. [1]

Zaporizhia City of regional significance in Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine

Zaporizhia or Zaporozhye, formerly Alexandrovsk, is a city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of the Zaporizhia Oblast (region). The city population is the sixth largest in Ukraine.

The Odessa Military District was a military administrative division of the Imperial Russian military, the Soviet Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces and was known under such name from around 1862 to 1998. It was reorganized as part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Military of Moldova in 1992. In 1998 most of its territory was transformed into the Southern Operational Command (Ukraine).

The Southern Front was a Front – a roughly Army group sized formation – of the Soviet Army during the Second World War. The Southern Front directed military operations during the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1940, and then was formed twice after the June 1941 German invasion, Operation Barbarossa.

Second Formation

The 274th was formed for a second time from March to 10 May 1942 in the Moscow Military District. The division retained the same basic order of battle as the first formation, but added the 150th Anti-Tank Battalion. After its commander was assigned on 10 May, the division was transferred to the Moscow Defence Zone from the Moscow Military District training command. The 274th became part of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command's 4th Reserve Army a month later, and was part of the Kalinin Front's 29th Army by the end of July. The army was moved to the Western Front in August, and the division transferred to the front's 30th Army in October. From April to December 1943, the division was part of the front's 31st Army, but transferred to the 33rd Army's 36th Rifle Corps at the end of the year. In April 1944, the division became part of the 1st Belorussian Front's 69th Army, and was assigned to the army's 61st Rifle Corps. The division remained part of the corps and the 69th Army until the end of the war. [2] The division received the honorifics "Yartsevo Red Banner Order of Suvorov" for its actions, and was disbanded in the summer of 1945 with the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. [3]

Moscow Military District formerly part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military District, the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet to form the new Western Military District.

Moscow Defence Zone

The Moscow Defence Zone was a front of the Red Army during World War II, to defend Moscow from the German advance. It was set up on 2 December 1941 to manage the troops of 24th and 60th Armies and part of the anti-aircraft defences.

The Reserve of the Supreme High Command comprised formations and units which acted as the principal military reserve of the Soviet Red Army during World War II and now of the Russian Armed Forces.

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References

Citations

  1. ↑ Sharp 1996a, p. 56.
  2. ↑ Sharp 1996b, pp. 104–105.
  3. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, pp. 380–381.

Bibliography

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