28th Rifle Division

Last updated
28th Rifle Division
ActiveI Formation: 1918–1941
II Formation: 1941–1945
CountryFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Branch Red Army
Type Rifle Division
Engagements Russian Civil War
Decorations Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner (1st formation)
Order of Red Banner.svg   Order of the Red Banner (2nd formation)
Battle honours Highland (1st formation)

Named for S. Ordzhonikidze (1st formation)

Nevel (2nd formation)
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Vladimir Azin (1918-1920)

The 28th Rifle Division was a rifle division in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War, World War II and the Cold War.

Soviet Union 1922–1991 country in Europe and Asia

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a Marxist-Leninist sovereign state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centers were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometers (6,200 mi) east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometers (4,500 mi) north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.

Red Army Soviet army and air force from 1917–1946

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, frequently shortened to Red Army, was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in December 1991. The former official name Red Army continued to be used as a nickname by both sides throughout the Cold War.

Russian Civil War multi-party war in the former Russian Empire, November 1917-October 1922

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the two Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favouring political monarchism, economic capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and anti-democratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and non-ideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the former Allied military forces from the World War and the pro-German armies. The Red Army eventually defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Alexander Kolchak to the east in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in the sense that Bolshevik communist control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000–12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians.

The history of the division dates from the 2nd Consolidated Rifle Division, which took part in the Civil War, and was then renamed the 28th Rifle Division. In the 1930s the 28th Rifle Division was renamed the 28th Highland Mountain Division, which became on September 28, 1936, the 28th Highland Mountain Division 'named for S. Ordzhonikidze' and then on July 16, 1940, the 28th Red Banner Mountain Rifle Division named for S. Ordzhonikidze. (see ru:28-я горнострелковая дивизия)

With the North Caucasus Military District in July 1941. Wiped out during Battle of Kiev, September 1941. Recreated at Archangelsk. With 3rd Shock Army, Kalinin Front, in November 1942. [1] Fought at Velikiye Luki, and at the Battle of Târgu Frumos. With 22nd Army of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RVGK) in May 1945.

North Caucasus Military District formerly part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also included the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla.

Battle of Kiev (1941) battle resulting in a large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II

The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II. This encirclement is considered the largest encirclement in the history of warfare. The operation ran from 7 August to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In Soviet military history, it is referred to as the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation, with somewhat different dating of 7 July – 26 September 1941.

The 3rd Shock Army was a field army of the Red Army formed during the Second World War. The 'Shock' armies were created with the specific structure to engage and destroy significant enemy forces, and were reinforced with more armoured and artillery assets than other combined arms armies. Where necessary the Shock armies were reinforced with mechanised, tank and cavalry formations and units. During the Second World War, some Shock armies included armoured trains and air-sled equipped units.

The division received the honorifics "Nevel Red Banner" during World War II. The division was disbanded before 22 October 1945 with the 100th Rifle Corps in the Odessa Military District. [2]

The Odessa Military District was a military administrative division of the Imperial Russian military, the Soviet Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces and was known under such name from around 1862 to 1998. It was reorganized as part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Military of Moldova in 1992. In 1998 most of its territory was transformed into the Southern Operational Command (Ukraine).

Notes

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 489

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