Cattleya is a genus of orchids from Costa Rica south to Argentina. The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.
Antimycins are produced as secondary metabolites by Streptomyces bacteria, a soil bacteria. These specialized metabolites likely function to kill neighboring organisms in order to provide the streptomyces bacteria with a competitive edge.
Lactacystin is an organic compound naturally synthesized by bacteria of the genus Streptomyces first identified as an inducer of neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma cells in 1991. The target of lactacystin was subsequently found to be the proteasome on the basis of its affinity for certain catalytic subunits of the proteasome by Fenteany and co-workers in 1995. The proteasome is a protein complex responsible for the bulk of proteolysis in the cell, as well as proteolytic activation of certain protein substrates. Lactacystin was the first non-peptidic proteasome inhibitor discovered and is widely used as a research tool in biochemistry and cell biology. The transformation product of lactacystin clasto-lactacystin β-lactone covalently modifies the amino-terminal threonine of specific catalytic subunits of the proteasome, a discovery that helped to establish the proteasome as a mechanistically novel class of protease: an amino-terminal threonine protease. The molecule is commonly used in biochemistry and cell biology laboratories as a selective inhibitor of the proteasome. The first total synthesis of lactacystin was developed in 1992 by Corey and Reichard, and a number of other syntheses of this molecule have also been published. There are more than 1,660 entries for lactacystin in PubMed as of January 2019.
Transaldolase is an enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, transaldolase is encoded by the TALDO1 gene.
Thienamycin is one of the most potent naturally produced antibiotics known thus far, discovered in Streptomyces cattleya in 1976. Thienamycin has excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is resistant to bacterial β-lactamase enzymes. Thienamycin is a zwitterion at pH 7.
In enzymology, a fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.69) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (EC 2.2.1.7) is an enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a fluorothreonine transaldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The fluorinase enzyme catalyzes the reaction between fluoride ion and the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to generate L-methionine and 5'-fluoro-5'-deoxyadenosine, the first committed product of the fluorometabolite biosynthesis pathway. The fluorinase was originally isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, but homologues have since been identified in a number of other bacterial species, including Streptomyces sp. MA37, Nocardia brasiliensis and Actinoplanes sp. N902-109. This is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the formation of a carbon-fluorine bond, the strongest single bond in organic chemistry.
Transaldolase deficiency is a disease characterised by abnormally low levels of the transaldolase enzyme. It is a metabolic enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. It is caused by mutation in the transaldolase gene (TALDO1). It was first described by Verhoeven et al. in 2001.
The term grex, derived from the Latin noun grex, gregis, meaning 'flock', has been expanded in botanical nomenclature to describe hybrids of orchids, based solely on their parentage. Grex names are one of the three categories of plant names governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants; within a grex the cultivar group category can be used to refer to plants by their shared characteristics, and individual orchid plants can be selected and named as cultivars.
Streptogramin B is a subgroup of the streptogramin antibiotics family. These natural products are cyclic hexa- or hepta depsipeptides produced by various members of the genus of bacteria Streptomyces. Many of the members of the streptogramins reported in the literature have the same structure and different names; for example, pristinamycin IA = vernamycin Bα = mikamycin B = osteogrycin B.
Cattleya mossiae, commonly known as the Easter orchid, is a species of labiate Cattleya orchid. The white-flowered form is sometimes known as Cattleya wagneri. The diploid chromosome number of C. mossiae has been determined as 2n = 40. The haploid chromosome number has been determined as n = 20.
Streptomyces cattleya is a Gram-positive bacterium which makes cephamycin, penicillin and thienamycin. The bacterium expresses a fluorinase enzyme, and the organism has been used to understand the biosynthesis of fluoroacetate and the antibacterial 4-fluoro-L-threonine. The γ-Glu-βes pathway to biosynthesis of non-traditional amino acids β-ethynylserine (βes) and L-propargylglycine (Pra) was first characterized in this species.
Fluoroacetaldehyde is a metabolic precursor of both fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine in Streptomyces cattleya.
The cyclothiazomycins are a group of natural products, classified as thiopeptides, which are produced by various Streptomyces species of bacteria.
Streptomyces iakyrus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil Streptomyces iakyrus produces actinomycin G2, actinomycin G3, actinomycin G4, actinomycin G5, actinomycin G6, iakirine I, iakirine II and iakirine III.
Streptomyces nojiriensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Lake Nojiri in Japan. Streptomyces nojiriensis produces nojirimycin.
Streptomyces subrutilus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces subrutilus produces deoxynojirimycin, deoxymannonojirimycin and hydroxystreptomycin.
Nucleocidin is a fluorine-containing nucleoside produced by Streptomyces calvus.
