45th Panzer Brigade | |||||
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Panzerbrigade 45 | |||||
Active | 2025 (planned) | ||||
Country | Germany | ||||
Branch | German Army | ||||
Type | Heavy mechanized brigade | ||||
Size | ~4,800 men | ||||
Part of | 10th Panzer Division | ||||
Locations | Rūdninkai Training Area Rukla (both in Lithuania) | ||||
Commanders | |||||
Current commander | Brigadegeneral Christoph Huber | ||||
Insignia | |||||
NATO Map Symbol |
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The 45th Panzer Brigade (German : Panzerbrigade 45, abbreviated PzBrig 45), also known as Lithuania Brigade (German : Litauenbrigade) in German public discourse, is a planned brigade of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). It will consist of 4,800 troops and is to be subordinated to the 10th Panzer Division in Veitshöchheim. The unit is classified as a heavy mechanized brigade and will be equipped with main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles.
The brigade is set to be deployed to Lithuania. Notably, it will be the first German brigade to be based abroad permanently since the Second World War.
The primary purpose of the armoured brigade is to deter Russia from violating the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), all of whom are NATO member states. Lithuania is vulnerable both because of its land border with Russia's ally Belarus and the Russian exclave Kaliningrad. Only a tight land corridor in between, called the Suwałki Gap, connects the Baltic states to the rest of NATO territory, making Lithuania particularly exposed in case of a Russian attack. [1]
In the aftermath of the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, NATO established the Enhanced Forward Presence and deployed the multinational battlegroups to the Baltic states in 2017. The battlegroup in Lithuania consisted of roughly 1600 soldiers from various NATO member states on a rotational basis. Germany has been the lead nation, contributing about 1000 troops. [2] After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Germany had pledged to keep one combat brigade at higher combat readiness, ready to deploy to Lithuania within 10 days. Lithuania repeatedly requested a robust, permanent German deployment, which the German government initially declined to commit to. [3] However, in June 2023, German Minister of Defense Boris Pistorius announced that Germany would form a new combat brigade and permanently deploy it to Lithuania. [2] [4]
In December 2023, Lithuanian Minister of Defense Arvydas Anušauskas and his German counterpart Boris Pistorius signed a formal agreement on the planned deployment. [5] In April 2024, an advance team of 20 officials arrived in the Lithuanian capital to organize preparatory work. The brigade is planned to be formally established in 2025, reaching full operational capability in 2027. [6]
The brigade is expected to comprise 4800 soldiers and 200 civilian staff. Further, a third of the German soldiers are expected to bring their families to Lithuania, [6] requiring not only military infrastructure, but also civilian facilities such as German-language kindergartens and schools.
The bulk of the brigade will be stationed in Rūdninkai Training Area, a densely forested military facility. It currently sees major construction to prepare for the arrival of the German brigade. Lithuanian officials estimate the Rūdninkai base alone to cost over €1 billion (roughly $1.1 billion). Facilities will include accommodation as well as dedicated storage, maintenance, and firing ranges for main battle tanks. [7]
There were reports on financial disagreements about the cost splitting between the Lithuanian and German governments. Whereas the German side expected Lithuania to provide all infrastructure associated with accommodating the German soldiers, Lithuania appeared unwilling to pay for the establishment of schools and kindergartens, or for parts of the accommodation, citing higher expected standards and hence costs compared to common conditions locally. [8] [9]
The deployment is also expected to put a significant strain on the German defense budget. Its officials estimate the cost to their taxpayers to range between €6 billion to €9 billion, with annual operating costs of the base being €800 million. [10] One-time expenses include equipment acquisitions for the new brigade, such as main battle tanks of the type Leopard 2A8. [11]
The brigade is planned to be organized as follows: [12]
The following officers have commanded the brigade or its advance team:
No. | Name | Start of appointment | End of appointment |
---|---|---|---|
2 | Brigadier General Christoph Huber (commander activation staff) [13] | 23 September 2024 | |
1 | Colonel André Hastenrath (commander activation staff) | 8 April 2024 | 23 September 2024 |
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But German officials had previously deflected calls for a large permanent German deployment in the country.
After the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Berlin pledged a year ago to keep a combat brigade ready to defend Lithuania. However, a permanent deployment in Lithuania has been controversial until now. Vilnius demanded it, but the German government did not immediately commit.
Until now, however, there have been differences over whether the soldiers should be permanently stationed in Lithuania or only sent there temporarily for exercises. The Lithuanian government has demanded a permanent presence, while the German government for a long time was very reluctant to do that.
German officials have estimated the cost to the taxpayer at anything from €6 billion to €9 billion; much of that will be spent on heavy weapons to arm the brigade. Operating and maintaining the base will cost €800 million a year, a spokesperson for Germany's defense ministry said.
Germany plans to order 105 Leopard 2 A8 tanks from armsmaker KNDS for 2.93 billion euros ($3.14 billion), according to a confidential budget draft seen by Reuters on Thursday. [...] Some vehicles will equip a German combat brigade in Lithuania being set up as part of NATO's deterrence against Russia [...]
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