A1CF

A1CF
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2CPD
Identifiers
Aliases	A1CF , ACF, ACF64, ACF65, APOBEC1CF, ASP, APOBEC1 complementation factor
External IDs	OMIM: 618199 MGI: 1917115 HomoloGene: 16363 GeneCards: A1CF
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (human)
End	50,885,675 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (mouse)
End	31,926,395 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	liver; ; jejunal mucosa; ; right lobe of liver; ; duodenum; ; oocyte; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; kidney tubule; ; secondary oocyte; ; islet of Langerhans; ; rectum;
	Top expressed in
	proximal tubule; ; yolk sac; ; liver; ; duodenum; ; left lobe of liver; ; jejunum; ; kidney; ; spermatocyte; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; ileum;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleic acid binding ; double-stranded RNA binding ; protein binding ; single-stranded RNA binding ; RNA binding ; mRNA binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex ; endoplasmic reticulum ; nucleus ; nucleoplasm ;
Biological process	mRNA processing ; protein stabilization ; cytidine to uridine editing ; mRNA modification ; mRNA localization resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	29974
	69865
	ENSG00000148584
	ENSMUSG00000052595
	Q9NQ94
	Q5YD48
NM_001198818 ; NM_001198819 ; NM_001198820 ; NM_014576 ; NM_138932 ;
	NM_138933 ; NM_001370130 ; NM_001370131
	NM_001081074 ; NM_001365078
NP_001185747 ; NP_001185748 ; NP_001185749 ; NP_055391 ; NP_620310 ;
	NP_620311 ; NP_001357059 ; NP_001357060
	NP_001074543 ; NP_001352007
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated July 23, 2023

APOBEC1 complementation factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the A1CF gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Gene

Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three full-length transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms, have been described. Additional splicing has been observed but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.^[7]

Function

Mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of APOBEC1 and a complementation factor encoded by this gene.^[8] The gene product has three non-identical RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the hnRNP R family of RNA-binding proteins. It has been proposed that this complementation factor functions as an RNA-binding subunit and docks APOBEC1 to deaminate the upstream cytidine. Studies suggest that the protein may also be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events.^[7]

Its deletion results in lethality in mice.^[9]

Interactions

A1CF has been shown to interact with APOBEC1,^[10]^[11] CUGBP2,^[12] and SYNCRIP.^[13]^[10]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">APOBEC3A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A, also known as APOBEC3A, or A3A is a gene of the APOBEC3 family found in humans, non-human primates, and some other mammals. It is a single-domain DNA cytidine deaminase with antiviral effects. While other members of the family such as APOBEC3G are believed to act by editing ssDNA by removing an amino group from cytosine in DNA, introducing a cytosine to uracil change which can ultimately lead to a cytosine to thymine mutation, one study suggests that APOBEC3A can inhibit parvoviruses by another mechanism. The cellular function of APOBEC3A is likely to be the destruction of foreign DNA through extensive deamination of cytosine.Stenglein MD, Burns MB, Li M, Lengyel J, Harris RS. "APOBEC3 proteins mediate the clearance of foreign DNA from human cells". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 17 (2): 222–9. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1744. PMC 2921484. PMID 20062055.

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Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3B gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000148584 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052595 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Dance GS, Sowden MP, Cartegni L, Cooper E, Krainer AR, Smith HC (April 2002). "Two proteins essential for apolipoprotein B mRNA editing are expressed from a single gene through alternative splicing". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 12703–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111337200 . PMID 11815617.
↑ Chester A, Scott J, Anant S, Navaratnam N (December 2000). "RNA editing: cytidine to uridine conversion in apolipoprotein B mRNA". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1494 (1–2): 1–13. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00219-0. PMID 11072063.
1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: A1CF APOBEC1 complementation factor".
↑ Henderson JO, Blanc V, Davidson NO (November 2001). "Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1522 (1): 22–30. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(01)00295-0. PMID 11718896.
↑ Blanc V, Henderson JO, Newberry EP, Kennedy S, Luo J, Davidson NO (August 2005). "Targeted deletion of the murine apobec-1 complementation factor (acf) gene results in embryonic lethality". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 7260–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.7260-7269.2005. PMC 1190267 . PMID 16055734.
1 2 Blanc V, Navaratnam N, Henderson JO, Anant S, Kennedy S, Jarmuz A, Scott J, Davidson NO (March 2001). "Identification of GRY-RBP as an apolipoprotein B RNA-binding protein that interacts with both apobec-1 and apobec-1 complementation factor to modulate C to U editing". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (13): 10272–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M006435200 . PMID 11134005.
↑ Mehta A, Kinter MT, Sherman NE, Driscoll DM (March 2000). "Molecular cloning of apobec-1 complementation factor, a novel RNA-binding protein involved in the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (5): 1846–54. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.5.1846-1854.2000. PMC 85365 . PMID 10669759.
↑ Anant S, Henderson JO, Mukhopadhyay D, Navaratnam N, Kennedy S, Min J, Davidson NO (December 2001). "Novel role for RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in mammalian RNA editing. CUGBP2 modulates C to U editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA by interacting with apobec-1 and ACF, the apobec-1 complementation factor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (50): 47338–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M104911200 . PMID 11577082.
↑ Lau PP, Chang BH, Chan L (April 2001). "Two-hybrid cloning identifies an RNA-binding protein, GRY-RBP, as a component of apobec-1 editosome". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282 (4): 977–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4679. PMID 11352648.

External links

Human A1CF genome location and A1CF gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Mehta A, Kinter MT, Sherman NE, Driscoll DM (2000). "Molecular cloning of apobec-1 complementation factor, a novel RNA-binding protein involved in the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (5): 1846–54. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.5.1846-1854.2000. PMC 85365 . PMID 10669759.
Lellek H, Kirsten R, Diehl I, Apostel F, Buck F, Greeve J (2000). "Purification and molecular cloning of a novel essential component of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme-complex". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (26): 19848–56. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M001786200 . PMID 10781591.
Yang Y, Sowden MP, Smith HC (2000). "Induction of cytidine to uridine editing on cytoplasmic apolipoprotein B mRNA by overexpressing APOBEC-1". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): 22663–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M910406199 . PMID 10833526.
Blanc V, Navaratnam N, Henderson JO, Anant S, Kennedy S, Jarmuz A, Scott J, Davidson NO (2001). "Identification of GRY-RBP as an apolipoprotein B RNA-binding protein that interacts with both apobec-1 and apobec-1 complementation factor to modulate C to U editing". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (13): 10272–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M006435200 . PMID 11134005.
Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, Jackson PD, Perry R, Cain S, Leventhal C, Thornton M, Ramachandran R, Whittington J, Lerner L, Costanzo D, McElligott K, Boozer S, Mays R, Smith E, Veloso N, Klika A, Hess J, Cothren K, Lo K, Offenbacher J, Danzig J, Ducar M (2001). "Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression". Nat. Biotechnol. 19 (5): 440–5. doi:10.1038/88107. PMID 11329013. S2CID 25064683.
Lau PP, Chang BH, Chan L (2001). "Two-hybrid cloning identifies an RNA-binding protein, GRY-RBP, as a component of apobec-1 editosome". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282 (4): 977–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4679. PMID 11352648.
Blanc V, Henderson JO, Kennedy S, Davidson NO (2001). "Mutagenesis of apobec-1 complementation factor reveals distinct domains that modulate RNA binding, protein-protein interaction with apobec-1, and complementation of C to U RNA-editing activity". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (49): 46386–93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M107654200 . PMID 11571303.
Anant S, Henderson JO, Mukhopadhyay D, Navaratnam N, Kennedy S, Min J, Davidson NO (2001). "Novel role for RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in mammalian RNA editing. CUGBP2 modulates C to U editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA by interacting with apobec-1 and ACF, the apobec-1 complementation factor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (50): 47338–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M104911200 . PMID 11577082.
Henderson JO, Blanc V, Davidson NO (2001). "Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1522 (1): 22–30. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(01)00295-0. PMID 11718896.
Xu XR, Huang J, Xu ZG, Qian BZ, Zhu ZD, Yan Q, Cai T, Zhang X, Xiao HS, Qu J, Liu F, Huang QH, Cheng ZH, Li NG, Du JJ, Hu W, Shen KT, Lu G, Fu G, Zhong M, Xu SH, Gu WY, Huang W, Zhao XT, Hu GX, Gu JR, Chen Z, Han ZG (2001). "Insight into hepatocellular carcinogenesis at transcriptome level by comparing gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma with those of corresponding noncancerous liver". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (26): 15089–94. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9815089X. doi: 10.1073/pnas.241522398 . PMC 64988 . PMID 11752456.
Mehta A, Driscoll DM (2002). "Identification of domains in apobec-1 complementation factor required for RNA binding and apolipoprotein-B mRNA editing". RNA. 8 (1): 69–82. doi:10.1017/S1355838202015649. PMC 1370230 . PMID 11871661.
Chester A, Somasekaram A, Tzimina M, Jarmuz A, Gisbourne J, O'Keefe R, Scott J, Navaratnam N (2003). "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex performs a multifunctional cycle and suppresses nonsense-mediated decay". EMBO J. 22 (15): 3971–82. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg369. PMC 169042 . PMID 12881431.
Blanc V, Kennedy S, Davidson NO (2003). "A novel nuclear localization signal in the auxiliary domain of apobec-1 complementation factor regulates nucleocytoplasmic import and shuttling". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (42): 41198–204. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302951200 . PMID 12896982.
Xie K, Sowden MP, Dance GS, Torelli AT, Smith HC, Wedekind JE (2004). "The structure of a yeast RNA-editing deaminase provides insight into the fold and function of activation-induced deaminase and APOBEC-1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (21): 8114–9. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.8114X. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400493101 . PMC 419566 . PMID 15148397.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000148584 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052595 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11815617-5] Dance GS, Sowden MP, Cartegni L, Cooper E, Krainer AR, Smith HC (April 2002). "Two proteins essential for apolipoprotein B mRNA editing are expressed from a single gene through alternative splicing". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 12703–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111337200 . PMID 11815617.

[pmid11072063-6] Chester A, Scott J, Anant S, Navaratnam N (December 2000). "RNA editing: cytidine to uridine conversion in apolipoprotein B mRNA". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1494 (1–2): 1–13. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00219-0. PMID 11072063.

[entrez-7] 1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: A1CF APOBEC1 complementation factor".

[pmid11718896-8] Henderson JO, Blanc V, Davidson NO (November 2001). "Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1522 (1): 22–30. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(01)00295-0. PMID 11718896.

[pmid16055734-9] Blanc V, Henderson JO, Newberry EP, Kennedy S, Luo J, Davidson NO (August 2005). "Targeted deletion of the murine apobec-1 complementation factor (acf) gene results in embryonic lethality". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 7260–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.7260-7269.2005. PMC 1190267 . PMID 16055734.

[pmid11134005-10] 1 2 Blanc V, Navaratnam N, Henderson JO, Anant S, Kennedy S, Jarmuz A, Scott J, Davidson NO (March 2001). "Identification of GRY-RBP as an apolipoprotein B RNA-binding protein that interacts with both apobec-1 and apobec-1 complementation factor to modulate C to U editing". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (13): 10272–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M006435200 . PMID 11134005.

[pmid10669759-11] Mehta A, Kinter MT, Sherman NE, Driscoll DM (March 2000). "Molecular cloning of apobec-1 complementation factor, a novel RNA-binding protein involved in the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (5): 1846–54. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.5.1846-1854.2000. PMC 85365 . PMID 10669759.

[pmid11577082-12] Anant S, Henderson JO, Mukhopadhyay D, Navaratnam N, Kennedy S, Min J, Davidson NO (December 2001). "Novel role for RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in mammalian RNA editing. CUGBP2 modulates C to U editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA by interacting with apobec-1 and ACF, the apobec-1 complementation factor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (50): 47338–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M104911200 . PMID 11577082.

[pmid11352648-13] Lau PP, Chang BH, Chan L (April 2001). "Two-hybrid cloning identifies an RNA-binding protein, GRY-RBP, as a component of apobec-1 editosome". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282 (4): 977–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4679. PMID 11352648.

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