APOL2

APOL2
Identifiers
Aliases	APOL2 , APOL-II, APOL3, apolipoprotein L2
External IDs	OMIM: 607252; MGI: 2444921; HomoloGene: 12785; GeneCards: APOL2; OMA:APOL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human) [1] Band 22q12.3 Start 36,226,209 bp [1] End 36,239,954 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse) [2] Band 15|15 E1 Start 77,631,998 bp [2] End 77,641,203 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tendon of biceps brachii granulocyte apex of heart gallbladder anterior pituitary internal globus pallidus blood cerebellar hemisphere monocyte right frontal lobe Top expressed in lumbar subsegment of spinal cord bone marrow facial motor nucleus human fetus embryo substantia nigra spleen embryo granulocyte primary visual cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding lipid binding high-density lipoprotein particle binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular region endoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane Biological process multicellular organism development lipoprotein metabolic process lipid transport cholesterol metabolic process acute-phase response maternal process involved in female pregnancy lipid metabolism transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 23780 239552 Ensembl ENSG00000128335 ENSMUSG00000056656 UniProt Q9BQE5 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_030882 NM_145637 NM_001081970 NM_001357895 NM_001357896 RefSeq (protein) NP_112092 NP_663612 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 36.23 – 36.24 Mb Chr 15: 77.63 – 77.64 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL2 gene. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family and protein in this family are lipid-binding proteins. This gene encodes a 37.1 kDa protein and The protein sequence contains 337bp. Localization of this protein is mainly found in the cytosol, nucleoplasm and additionally, it is also seen in the Nuclear bodies. ^[8] The involvement of this gene may affect in the movement of lipids and binding of lipids to organelles. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. ^[7]

Amino acid sequence

MNPESSIFIE DYLKYFQDQV SRENLLQLLT DDEAWNGFVA AAELPRDEAD ELRKALNKLA SHMVMKDKNR HDKDQQHRQW FLKEFPRLKR ELEDHIRKLR ALAEEVEQVH RGTTIANVVS NSVGTTSGIL TLLGLGLAPF TEGISFVLLD TGMGLGAAAA VAGITCSVVE LVNKLRARAQ ARNLDQSGTN VAKVMKEFVG GNTPNVLTLV DNWYQVTQGI GRNIRAIRRA RANPQLGAYA PPPHVIGRIS AEGGEQVERV VEGPAQAMSR GTMIVGAATG GILLLLDVVS LAYESKHLLE GAKSESAEEL KKRAQELEGK LNFLTKIHEM LQPGQDQ ^{[9] [10]}

Total amino acids: 337 ^[9]

Interactions

APOL2 has been shown to interact with:

• IFN-γ, ^[11]
• CD81, ^[12]
• TNF-α, ^[13]
• Bcl-2, ^[14]

Splice variants

ApoL2 has 5 splice variants, ^[15]

• APOL2-001

This transcript has 6 exons, 12 domains and features are annotated, 263 variations are related this and maps to 35 oligo probes.

• APOL2-002

This transcript has 5 exons, 12 domains and features are annotated, 263 variations are related with this gene and maps to 37 oligo probes.

• APOL2-006

This transcript has 6 exons, is annotated with 3 domains and features, 62 variations are related with this gene and maps to 20 oligo probes.

• APOL2-008

This transcript has 6 exons, 12 domains and features are annotated, 331 variations are related with this gene and maps to 32 oligo probes.

• APOL2-009

This transcript has 5 exons, 4 domains and features are annotated, 104 variations are related with this gene and maps to 13 oligo probes.

Functions of the ApoL2

• Acute Inflammation Response ^{[16] [17]}
• Cholesterol Metabolic Process ^[18]
• Lipid Metabolic Process ^[14]
• Maternal Process Involved in Female Pregnancy ^[19]
• Lipid binding ^[20]
• Signalling Receptor Binding ^[20]
• Aging ^[21]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128335 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056656 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al. (Dec 1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi: 10.1038/990031 . PMID   10591208.
6. Page NM, Butlin DJ, Lomthaisong K, Lowry PJ (May 2001). "The human apolipoprotein L gene cluster: identification, classification, and sites of distribution". Genomics. 74 (1): 71–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6534. PMID   11374903.
7. "Entrez Gene: APOL2 apolipoprotein L, 2".
8. "The Human Protein atlas Gene: APOL2 apolipoprotein L, 2".
9. "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
10. Ultsch M, Holliday MJ, Gerhardy S, Moran P, Scales SJ, Gupta N, Oltrabella F, Chiu C, Fairbrother W, Eigenbrot C, Kirchhofer D (2021-07-27). "Structures of the ApoL1 and ApoL2 N-terminal domains reveal a non-classical four-helix bundle motif". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 916. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02387-5. ISSN   2399-3642. PMC   8316464 . PMID   34316015.
11. Liao W, Goh FY, Betts RJ, Kemeny DM, Tam J, Bay BH, Wong WS (February 2011). "A novel anti-apoptotic role for apolipoprotein L2 in IFN-gamma-induced cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells". J Cell Physiol. 226 (2): 397–406. doi:10.1002/jcp.22345. PMID   20665705. S2CID   27845807.
12. Bruening J, Lasswitz L, Banse P, Kahl S, Marinach C, Vondran FW, Kaderali L, Silvie O, Pietschmann T, Meissner F, Gerold G (July 2018). "Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB". PLOS Pathogens. 14 (7): 55–67. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007111 . PMC   6053247 . PMID   30024968.
13. Smith EE, Malik HS (May 2009). "The apolipoprotein L family of programmed cell death and immunity genes rapidly evolved in primates at discrete sites of host-pathogen interactions". Genome Res. 19 (5): 850–8. doi:10.1101/gr.085647.108. PMC   2675973 . PMID   19299565.
14. Liu Z, Lu H, Jiang Z, Pastuszyn A, Hu CA (January 2005). "Apolipoprotein L6, a Novel Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Homology 3–Only Protein, Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells". Mol Cancer Res. 3 (1): 21–31. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.21.3.1 . PMID   15671246. S2CID   2545675.
15. "The Human Protein atlas Gene: APOL2 apolipoprotein L, 2".
16. Rao SK, Pavicevic Z, Du Z, Kim JG, Fan M, Jiao Y, Rosebush M, Samant S, Gu W, Pfeffer LM, Nosrat CA (October 2010). "Pro-inflammatory genes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma". J Biol Chem. 285 (42): 32512–21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.150490 . PMC   2952253 . PMID   20702412.
17. Liu Z, Lu H, Jiang Z, Pastuszyn A, Hu CA (October 2013). "Mitochondrial proteomic analysis of human host cells infected with H3N2 swine influenza virus". J Proteomics. 8 (91): 136–50. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.037. PMID   23856606.
18. Wang K, Edmondson AC, Li M, Gao F, Qasim AN, Devaney JM, Burnett MS, Waterworth DM, Mooser V, Grant SF, Epstein SE, Reilly MP, Hakonarson H, Rader DJ (July 2011). "Pathway-Wide Association Study Implicates Multiple Sterol Transport and Metabolism Genes in HDL Cholesterol Regulation". Frontiers in Genetics. 2 (4): 41. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00041 . PMC   3268595 . PMID   22303337.
19. Brosens JJ, Hodgetts A, Feroze-Zaidi F, Sherwin JR, Fusi L, Salker MS, Higham J, Rose GL, Kajihara T, Young SL, Lessey BA, Henriet P, Langford PR, Fazleabas AT (April 2010). "Proteomic analysis of endometrium from fertile and infertile patients suggests a role for apolipoprotein A-I in embryo implantation failure and endometriosis". MHR: Basic Science of Reproductive Medicine. 16 (4): 273–285. doi:10.1093/molehr/gap108. PMC   2834406 . PMID   20008415.
20. "Nextprot Gene: APOL2 apolipoprotein L, 2".
21. Luo A, Jung J, Longley M, Rosoff DB, Charlet K, Muench C, Lee J, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Horvath S, Kaminsky ZA, Lohoff FW (2020). "Epigenetic aging is accelerated in alcohol use disorder and regulated by genetic variation in APOL2". Neuropsychopharmacology. 45 (2): 327–336. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0500-y. PMC   6901591 . PMID   31466081.

External links

• Human APOL2 genome location and APOL2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .
• Human APOL3 genome location and APOL3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Further reading

• McGhee KA, Morris DW, Schwaiger S (2005). "Investigation of the apolipoprotein-L (APOL) gene family and schizophrenia using a novel DNA pooling strategy for public database SNPs". Schizophr. Res. 76 (2–3): 231–8. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.006. PMID   15949655. S2CID   5639495.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID   14702039.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Monajemi H, Fontijn RD, Pannekoek H, Horrevoets AJ (2002). "The apolipoprotein L gene cluster has emerged recently in evolution and is expressed in human vascular tissue". Genomics. 79 (4): 539–46. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6729. PMID   11944986.
• Duchateau PN, Pullinger CR, Cho MH (2001). "Apolipoprotein L gene family: tissue-specific expression, splicing, promoter regions; discovery of a new gene". J. Lipid Res. 42 (4): 620–30. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31171-8 . PMID   11290834.
• Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID   7566098.