ARL2

ARL2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3DOE, 3DOF
Identifiers
Aliases	ARL2 , ARFL2, ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 2, MRCS1
External IDs	OMIM: 601175; MGI: 1928393; HomoloGene: 1260; GeneCards: ARL2; OMA:ARL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human) [1] Band 11q13.1 Start 65,014,160 bp [1] End 65,022,184 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 19 (mouse) [2] Band 19|19 A Start 6,184,404 bp [2] End 6,191,578 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in C1 segment nucleus accumbens apex of heart caudate nucleus putamen tibial nerve right frontal lobe left coronary artery ascending aorta right auricle of heart Top expressed in muscle of thigh right ventricle yolk sac superior frontal gyrus dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell right kidney saccule primary visual cortex otic placode otic vesicle More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding GTPase inhibitor activity protein binding GTPase activity GDP binding Cellular component cytoplasm centrosome lateral plasma membrane mitochondrial intermembrane space intracellular anatomical structure microtubule organizing center mitochondrial matrix mitochondrion cytoskeleton nucleus nucleolus Golgi apparatus cytosol focal adhesion cilium microtubule cytoskeleton Biological process tubulin complex assembly regulation of insulin secretion negative regulation of GTPase activity regulation of microtubule polymerization bicellular tight junction assembly positive regulation of microtubule polymerization cell cycle maintenance of protein location in nucleus positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion centrosome cycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 402 56327 Ensembl ENSG00000213465 ENSMUSG00000024944 UniProt P36404 Q9D0J4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001667 NM_001199745 NM_019722 RefSeq (protein) NP_001186674 NP_001658 NP_062696 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 65.01 – 65.02 Mb Chr 19: 6.18 – 6.19 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL2 gene. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

Function

• The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) genes are small GTP-binding proteins of the RAS superfamily. ARL2 is a member of a functionally distinct group of ARF-like genes. ^[7]
• In photoreceptors, ARL2 participates in the trafficking of lipidated membrane-associated proteins. ^[8]
• There is an evidence that increased activity of ARL2 protein is strongly correlated with increased mitochondria fusion, while loss of ARL2 activity results in a decreased rate of fusion. ^[9]

Interactions

ARL2 has been shown to interact with Protein unc-119 homolog, ^[10] TBCD ^{[11] [12]} and PDE6D. ^{[13] [14]}

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213465 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024944 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Clark J, Moore L, Krasinskas A, Way J, Battey J, Tamkun J, Kahn RA (November 1993). "Selective amplification of additional members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family: cloning of additional human and Drosophila ARF-like genes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (19): 8952–6. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.8952C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.19.8952 . PMC   47479 . PMID   8415637.
6. Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Crabtree JS, Weisemann JM, Kester MB, Kim YS, Wang Y, Emmert-Buck MR, Liotta LA, Spiegel AM, Boguski MS, Roe BA, Collins FS, Marx SJ, Burns L, Chandrasekharappa SC (September 1997). "A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus". Genome Res. 7 (7): 725–35. doi:10.1101/gr.7.7.725. PMC   310681 . PMID   9253601.
7. "Entrez Gene: ARL2 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2".
8. Hanke-Gogokhia, C.; Zhang, H.; Frederick, J. M.; Baehr, W. (2016). "The Function of Arf-like Proteins ARL2 and ARL3 in Photoreceptors". Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 854. pp. 655–661. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_87. ISBN   978-3-319-17120-3. PMID   26427472.
9. Newman, L. E.; Schiavon, C. R.; Turn, R. E.; Kahn, R. A. (2017). "The ARL2 GTPase regulates mitochondrial fusion from the intermembrane space". Cellular Logistics. 7 (3) e1340104. doi:10.1080/21592799.2017.1340104. PMC   5602422 . PMID   28944094.
10. Kobayashi A, Kubota S, Mori N, McLaren MJ, Inana G (January 2003). "Photoreceptor synaptic protein HRG4 (UNC119) interacts with ARL2 via a putative conserved domain". FEBS Lett. 534 (1–3): 26–32. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.534...26K. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03766-3 . PMID   12527357. S2CID   22603052.
11. Shern JF, Sharer JD, Pallas DC, Bartolini F, Cowan NJ, Reed MS, Pohl J, Kahn RA (October 2003). "Cytosolic Arl2 is complexed with cofactor D and protein phosphatase 2A". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (42): 40829–36. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M308678200 . PMID   12912990.
12. Bhamidipati A, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (May 2000). "ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (Arl2) regulates the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactor D with native tubulin". J. Cell Biol. 149 (5): 1087–96. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.5.1087. PMC   2174823 . PMID   10831612.
13. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID   16189514. S2CID   4427026.
14. Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC (May 2002). "The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function". EMBO J. 21 (9): 2095–106. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095. PMC   125981 . PMID   11980706.

External links

• Human ARL2 genome location and ARL2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID   8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID   9373149.
• Bhamidipati A, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (2000). "ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (Arl2) regulates the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactor D with native tubulin". J. Cell Biol. 149 (5): 1087–96. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.5.1087. PMC   2174823 . PMID   10831612.
• Sharer JD, Shern JF, Van Valkenburgh H, Wallace DC, Kahn RA (2002). "ARL2 and BART enter mitochondria and bind the adenine nucleotide transporter". Mol. Biol. Cell. 13 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-05-0245. PMC   65073 . PMID   11809823.
• Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC (2002). "The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function". EMBO J. 21 (9): 2095–106. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095. PMC   125981 . PMID   11980706.
• Antoshechkin I, Han M (2002). "The C. elegans evl-20 gene is a homolog of the small GTPase ARL2 and regulates cytoskeleton dynamics during cytokinesis and morphogenesis". Dev. Cell. 2 (5): 579–91. doi: 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00146-6 . PMID   12015966.
• Kobayashi A, Kubota S, Mori N, McLaren MJ, Inana G (2003). "Photoreceptor synaptic protein HRG4 (UNC119) interacts with ARL2 via a putative conserved domain". FEBS Lett. 534 (1–3): 26–32. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.534...26K. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03766-3 . PMID   12527357. S2CID   22603052.
• Shern JF, Sharer JD, Pallas DC, Bartolini F, Cowan NJ, Reed MS, Pohl J, Kahn RA (2003). "Cytosolic Arl2 is complexed with cofactor D and protein phosphatase 2A". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (42): 40829–36. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M308678200 . PMID   12912990.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID   16189514. S2CID   4427026.
• Zhou C, Cunningham L, Marcus AI, Li Y, Kahn RA (2006). "Arl2 and Arl3 regulate different microtubule-dependent processes". Mol. Biol. Cell. 17 (5): 2476–87. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-10-0929. PMC   1446103 . PMID   16525022.
• Beghin A, Honore S, Messana C, Matera EL, Aim J, Burlinchon S, Braguer D, Dumontet C (2007). "ADP ribosylation factor like 2 (Arl2) protein influences microtubule dynamics in breast cancer cells". Exp. Cell Res. 313 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.10.024. PMID   17188265.