ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. Some 12,575 ASTM voluntary consensus standards operate globally. The organization's headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
A curtain wall is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, utilized only to keep the weather out and the occupants in. Since the curtain wall is non-structural, it can be made of lightweight materials, such as glass, thereby potentially reducing construction costs. An additional advantage of glass is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building. The curtain wall façade does not carry any structural load from the building other than its own dead load weight. The wall transfers lateral wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building. A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, withstand wind loads, and support its own weight.
Safety glass is glass with additional safety features that make it less likely to break, or less likely to pose a threat when broken. Common designs include toughened glass, laminated glass, and wire mesh glass. Wire mesh glass was invented by Frank Shuman. Laminated glass was invented in 1903 by the French chemist Édouard Bénédictus (1878–1930).
A countertop, also counter top, counter, benchtop, worktop or kitchen bench, is the firm, flat, horizontal surface of a counter. They are built for work in kitchens or other food preparation areas, bathrooms or lavatories, and workrooms in general. The surface is frequently installed upon and supported by cabinets, positioned at an ergonomic height for the user and the particular task for which it is designed. A countertop may be constructed of various materials with different attributes of functionality, durability and aesthetics, and may have built-in appliances, or accessory items relative to the intended application.
Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses.
Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered. In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), between its two or more layers of glass. The interlayer keeps the layers of glass bonded even when broken, and its high strength prevents the glass from breaking up into large sharp pieces. This produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern when the impact is not enough to completely pierce the glass. The thermoset EVA offers a complete bonding (cross-linking) with the material whether it is glass, polycarbonate, PET, or other types of products.
ASTM C1270 is a Standard Practice for Detection Sensitivity Mapping of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and published in December 1997. ASTM International which was founded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard deals with a procedure to establish the weakest detection path through the portal aperture and the worst-case orthogonal orientation of metallic test objects. This practice is considered to develop the assistance about operators of walk-through metal detectors with meeting the metal detection performance requirements of the responsible regulatory authority.
ASTM C1349 is a Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate. This specification was created by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Founded in 1898, ASTM International is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This specification deals with the quality requirements for cut sizes of glass clad polycarbonate (GCP). Polycarbonate is becoming more common in house wares as well as laboratories and in industry, especially in applications where any of its main features — high impact resistance, temperature resistance, optical properties—are required. In this regards, polycarbonate is useful regarding security, detention, hurricane/cyclic wind-resistant, and blast and ballistic-resistant glazing applications.
ASTM E2395 is a Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. Through this standard is specified voluntary performance test for the resistance to forced entry of window and door assemblies. This standards deal with the capability of window and door assemblies to prevent entry about intruders. These requirements are only limited to window and door assemblies
ASTM F1450 is a standard test method for hollow metal swinging door assemblies for detention facilities. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was founded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F33, a committee which specializes in detention and correctional facilities. This method dealt with requirements for test to determine the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction. The aim is to test the capability to prevent intrusion, avoid unauthorized access and to resist common types of vandalism in an organization. In this regards, ASTM has simulated repeated exertion of tremendous amounts of impact energy against a door in order to break through.
ASTM F1592 is a Standard Test Method for Detention Hollow Metal Vision Systems.
ASTM F1643 is a Standard Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking Device Assembly. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F33 which is a committee specializes about detention and correctional facilities. FM 33 has published 14 standards in this area. The test enables to give information about the performance feature regarding devices in services against assault, smoke, and fire conditions into several organizations including detention and correctional institutions. Several features are not considered such as both installation and maintenance conditions. This test enables to help ensure that detention sliding devices perform against intrusion, avoid that intruders penetrate in unauthorized access and to resist common types of vandalism into an organization.
ASTM F1712 is a standard specification for steel chain-link fencing materials used for high security applications. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was founded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This was published by ASTM F14 which is a committee specializes about high security fences and perimeter barriers.
ASTM F1915 is a standard test method for glazing for detention facilities. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F33 which is a committee specializes about detention and correctional facilities. FM 33 has published 14 standards in this area. This standard deals with the equipment, procedures, and acceptance conditions for determining the normal operational performance and the performance characteristics under several conditions of glazing for detention facilities into several organizations including detention and correctional institutions. Several features are not considered such as both installation and maintenance conditions. This test enables to help ensure that glazing used for windows and doors perform against intrusion, avoid that intruders penetrate in unauthorized access and to resist common types of vandalism into an organisation.
ASTM F2322 is a standard test method for physical assault on vertical fixed barriers for detention and correctional facilities. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F33 which is a committee specializes about detention and correctional facilities. FM 33 has published 14 standards in this area. This test enables to help ensure that physical assault on vertical fixed barriers perform against intrusion, avoid that intruders penetrate in unauthorized access and to resist common types of vandalism into an organization.
ASTM F2348 is a standard test performance specification for privacy padlocks. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F12.50 which is a committee specializes about locking devices. The standards deal with requirement regarding security for padlocks. This standard involves descriptions, operational tests, forcing tests, and surreptitious entry tests.
ASTM F571 is a standard practice for installation of exit devices in security areas. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was funded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F12.50 which is a committee specializes about locking devices. This standard practice deals with information regarding the installation of exit devices used in areas of security in order to reach the more great security level without violating the requirements of NFPA 101. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. In this paper NFPA 101, the NFPA introduce a code writing process and its performance-based activities.
ASTM F626 is a standard specification for fence fittings.
ASTM F883 is a standard performance specification for padlocks.
Package testing or packaging testing involves the measurement of a characteristic or property involved with packaging. This includes packaging materials, packaging components, primary packages, shipping containers, and unit loads, as well as the associated processes.