ATG4D

ATG4D
Identifiers
Aliases	ATG4D , APG4-D, APG4D, AUTL4, autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase, HsAPG4D
External IDs	OMIM: 611340 MGI: 2444308 HomoloGene: 13156 GeneCards: ATG4D
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	10,553,418 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	21,189,068 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	duodenum; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; left ventricle; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; skin of abdomen; ; blood; ; anterior pituitary; ; kidney; ; bone marrow; ; prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	lip; ; temporal muscle; ; duodenum; ; digastric muscle; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; extraocular muscle; ; proximal tubule; ; sternocleidomastoid muscle; ; jejunum; ; esophagus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity ; cysteine-type peptidase activity ; hydrolase activity ; cysteine-type endopeptidase activity ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; cytosol ; mitochondrial matrix ; mitochondrion ;
Biological process	autophagy ; protein transport ; autophagy of nucleus ; C-terminal protein lipidation ; protein delipidation ; autophagy of mitochondrion ; autophagosome assembly ; proteolysis ; protein targeting to membrane ; apoptotic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	84971
	235040
	ENSG00000130734
	ENSMUSG00000002820
	Q86TL0
	Q8BGV9
	NM_001281504 ; NM_032885
	NM_153583
	NP_001268433 ; NP_116274
	NP_705811
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated July 23, 2023

The human ATG4D gene encodes the protein Autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase.^[5]

Function

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed.

This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the cytosol and organelles for degradation by lysosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013].

Related Research Articles

The BH3 interacting-domain death agonist, or BID, gene is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. Bcl-2 family members share one or more of the four characteristic domains of homology entitled the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains, and can form hetero- or homodimers. Bcl-2 proteins act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities.

Caspase 2 also known as CASP2 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CASP2 gene. CASP2 orthologs have been identified in nearly all mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in birds, lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.

Caspase-7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, also known as CASP7, is a human protein encoded by the CASP7 gene. CASP7 orthologs have been identified in nearly all mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in birds, lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.

Caspase-6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP6 gene. CASP6 orthologs have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in birds, lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts. Caspase-6 has known functions in apoptosis, early immune response and neurodegeneration in Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STK4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HtrA serine peptidase 2</span> Enzyme found in humans

Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HTRA2 gene. This protein is involved in caspase-dependent apoptosis and in Parkinson's disease.

Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 (GORASP1) also known as Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GORASP1 gene.

Autophagy related 5 (ATG5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATG5 gene located on Chromosome 6. It is an E3 ubi autophagic cell death. ATG5 is a key protein involved in the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles. It is activated by ATG7 and forms a complex with ATG12 and ATG16L1. This complex is necessary for LC3-I conjugation to PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) to form LC3-II. ATG5 can also act as a pro-apoptotic molecule targeted to the mitochondria. Under low levels of DNA damage, ATG5 can translocate to the nucleus and interact with survivin.

Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Caspase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP14 gene.

Cysteine protease ATG4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4B gene.

Autophagy related 16 like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG16L1 gene. This protein is characterized as a subunit of the autophagy-related ATG12-ATG5/ATG16 complex and is essentially important for the LC3 (ATG8) lipidation and autophagosome formation. This complex localizes to the membrane and is released just before or after autophagosome completion.

Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.

Cathepsin W is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSW gene.

Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMPCB gene. This gene is a member of the peptidase M16 family and encodes a protein with a zinc-binding motif. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex.

Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMPCA gene. This gene PMPCA encoded a protein that is a member of the peptidase M16 family. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex.

Autophagy related 7 is a protein in humans encoded by ATG7 gene. Related to GSA7; APG7L; APG7-LIKE.

Cysteine protease ATG4A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4A gene.

Autophagy-related protein 101 also known as ATG101 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C12orf44 gene.

GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABARAPL1 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130734 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002820 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: Autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase".

ATG4D

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading