Ectoine is a natural compound found in several species of bacteria. It is a compatible solute which serves as a protective substance by acting as an osmolyte and thus helps organisms survive extreme osmotic stress. Ectoine is found in high concentrations in halophilic microorganisms and confers resistance towards salt and temperature stress. Ectoine was first identified in the microorganism Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, but has since been found in a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Other species of bacteria in which ectoine was found include:
Deleya halophila is a salt-loving, gram-negative bacteria. It is known to habitat marine environments, solar salterns, saline soils, and salted food. The genus was named after J. De Ley, a noted biologist. Its type strain is CCM 3662.
Methanothrix soehngenii is a species of methanogenic archaea. Its cells are non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and are normally combined end to end in long filaments, surrounded by a sheath-like structure. It is named in honour of N. L. Söhngen.
Desulfuromonas acetoxidans is a species of bacteria. It is strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped, laterally flagellated and Gram-negative. It is unable to ferment organic substances; it obtains energy for growth by anaerobic sulfur respiration.
Erythrobacter longus is a species of bacteria, the genus' type species. It contains bacteriochlorophyll a. It is motile by means of subpolar flagella. Its type strain is OCh101.
Sporomusa termitida is a species of bacteria. It is an acetogen first isolated from termites. Its cells are strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, endospore-forming, straight to slightly curved rods that are motile by means of lateral flagella.
Pelobacter carbinolicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. It is Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming. Gra Bd 1 is the type strain. Its genome has been sequenced.
Pelobacter propionicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. It is Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming. Ott Bd 1 is the type strain.
Acetobacterium carbinolicum is a homoacetogenic, strictly anaerobic bacterium that oxidises primary aliphatic alcohols.
Actinopolyspora righensis is a halophilic actinomycete first isolated from Saharan soil in Algeria. Its aerial mycelium produce long, straight or flexuous spore chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced and rod-shaped spores. Its type strain is H23T.
Pectinatus frisingensis is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Fervidobacterium islandicum is a species of extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacteria, first isolated from an Icelandic hot spring.
Desulfobacter latus is a sulfate-reducing bacteria, with type strain AcRS2.
Thermococcus alcaliphilus is a hyperthermophilic archaeon. It is coccoid-shaped and heterotrophic, first isolated from a shallow marine hydrothermal system at Vulcano Island, Italy. Its type strain is AEDII12.
Thermococcus peptonophilus is a fast-growing hyperthermophilic archaeon. It is coccus-shaped, obligately anaerobic and about 0.7–2 μm in diameter. It is a strict anaerobe and grows exclusively on complex substrates, such as peptone, casein, tryptone, and yeast extract. It cannot use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon. Although it can grow somewhat in the absence of elemental sulfur, it prefers sulfur.
Halobacterium noricense is a halophilic, rod-shaped microorganism that thrives in environments with salt levels near saturation. Despite the implication of the name, Halobacterium is actually a genus of archaea, not bacteria. H. noricense can be isolated from environments with high salinity such as the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Members of the Halobacterium genus are excellent model organisms for DNA replication and transcription due to the stability of their proteins and polymerases when exposed to high temperatures. To be classified in the genus Halobacterium, a microorganism must exhibit a membrane composition consisting of ether-linked phosphoglycerides and glycolipids.
Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi is a purple sulfur bacteria, the type species of its genus. Its cells are vibrioid-to spirilloid-shaped and motile by means of single polar flagella. It is moderately halophilic, with type strain SSP1.
Ilyobacter delafieldii is a motile, gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, with type strain 10cr1. It is notable for metabolising beta-Hydroxybutyric acid.
Halorhodospira halophila is a species of Halorhodospira distinguished by its ability to grow optimally in an environment of 15–20% salinity. It was formerly called Ectothiorhodospira halophila. It is an anaerobic, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium. H. halophila has a flagellum.
Ann Patricia Wood is a retired British biochemist and bacteriologist who specialized in the ecology, taxonomy and physiology of sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and how methylotrophic bacteria play a role in the degradation of odour causing compounds in the human mouth, vagina and skin. The bacterial genus Annwoodia was named to honor her contributions to microbial research in 2017.
