Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Enterococci are gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the intestines of humans: E. faecalis (90–95%) and E. faecium (5–10%). Rare clusters of infections occur with other species, including E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus.
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer that contains high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.
Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Like other species in the genus Enterococcus, E. faecalis is found in healthy humans and can be used as a probiotic. The probiotic strains such as Symbioflor1 and EF-2001 are characterized by the lack of specific genes related to drug resistance and pathogenesis. As an opportunistic pathogen, E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment, where the naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance found in E. faecalis contribute to its pathogenicity. E. faecalis has been frequently found in reinfected, root canal-treated teeth in prevalence values ranging from 30% to 90% of the cases. Re-infected root canal-treated teeth are about nine times more likely to harbor E. faecalis than cases of primary infections.
Advenella is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria). The two members of the genus Tetrathiobacter were transferred to this genus, namely Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus Achromobacter. It is generally found in wet environments. Achromobacter xylosoxidans can cause infections such as bacteremia, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. In 2013, the complete genome of an A. xylosoxidans strain from a patient with cystic fibrosis was sequenced.
Advenella kashmirensis is a chemolithotrophic, mesophilic, neutrophilic, tetrathionate-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Advenella, isolated from the soil of a temperate orchard in Jammu and Kashmir in India. Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis has been reclassified to Advenella kashmirensis. The complete genome of A. kashmirensis has been sequenced.
Pseudoxanthomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Xanthomonadaceae from the phylum Pseudomonadota. This genus is closely related phylogenetically with the genera Xanthomonas, Xylella, and Stenotrophomonas. The genus was first distinguished in 2000 in biofilter samples, and was later emended by Lee et al. Some of the species in this genus are: P. mexicana, P. japonensis, P. koreensis, P. daejeonensis, and the type species P. broegbernensis.
Methylobacterium aquaticum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.
Methylobacterium hispanicum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.
Methylobacterium isbiliense is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Sevilla in Spain.
Methylobacterium variabile is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Spain.
Microvirga aerophila is a bacterium from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from air in Suwon in Korea.
Methylocystis bryophila is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from Sphagnum peat from the Großer Teufelssee in Germany.
Albibacter helveticus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic, non-spore-forming, neutrophilic and mesophilic bacterium species from the genus Albibacter which has been isolated from soil from Switzerland.
Terasakiella is a genus of bacteria from the order Rhodospirillales.
Thioalkalivibrio is a Gram-negative, mostly halophilic bacterial genus of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae.
Chryseobacterium joostei is a bacterium from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from raw milk in Ixopo in Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa.
Oceanobacillus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacteria genus from the family of Bacillaceae with a peritrichous flagella. Oceanobacillus species are commonly found in saline environment.
Qipengyuania gaetbuli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacteria from the genus Qipengyuania which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
Qipengyuania vulgaris is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus Qipengyuania which has been isolated from a starfish from the South China Sea.
