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Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops.
The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than the beetle's body. In various members of the family, however, the antennae are quite short and such species can be difficult to distinguish from related beetle families such as the Chrysomelidae. The scientific name of this beetle family goes back to a figure from Greek mythology: after an argument with nymphs, the shepherd Cerambus was transformed into a large beetle with horns.
Pselaphinae are a subfamily of beetles in the family Staphylinidae, the rove beetles. The group was originally regarded as a separate family named Pselaphidae. Newton and Thayer (1995) placed them in the Omaliine group of the family Staphylinidae based on shared morphological characters.
Prostomidae is a family of beetles with no vernacular common name, though recent authors have coined the name jugular-horned beetles. They are often found in dead wood. The family consist of two extant genera with about 20 species. Prostomis americanus is known from North America. Other species of Prostomis are found in Europe, Africa, the Pacific region and East Asia. Species of Dryocora are known from New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania.
The Disteniidae are a small family of beetles in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea, traditionally treated as a group within the Cerambycidae.
The Oxypeltidae are a small family belonging to the superfamily Chrysomeloidea, widespread in the Andean region of Chile and Argentina. They have traditionally been considered a group within the Cerambycidae.
The minute tree-fungus beetles, family Ciidae, are a sizeable group of beetles which inhabit Polyporales bracket fungi or coarse woody debris. Most numerous in warmer regions, they are nonetheless widespread and a considerable number of species occur as far polewards as Scandinavia for example.
Lepturinae, the lepturine beetles, is a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae), containing about 150 genera worldwide. This lineage is most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere. Until recently the subfamily Necydalinae was included within the lepturines, but this has been recently recognized as a separate subfamily. Nine tribes are usually recognized today, with a tenth, Caraphiini, created in 2016. A few genera are of uncertain placement within the subfamily.
Callipogon relictus is a species of longhorn beetle which is mostly found in Korea, but also in China and southern part of Russian Far East. It inhabits mixed and deciduous forests. The population of Callipogon relictus is decreasing due to deforestation and uncontrolled collection, and therefore the species are listed in the Russian Red Book.
Brachyta interrogationis is the species of the Lepturinae subfamily in long-horned beetle family. This species was described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae under the name Leptura interrogationis.
Dorcasominae is a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae).
Styloxus fulleri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by George Henry Horn in 1880.
Afroartelida is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
Logisticus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
Afroartelida teunisseni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives and Adlbauer in 2005.
Logisticus quentini is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2004.
Oberea pupillata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Leonard Gyllenhaal in 1817, originally under the genus Saperda.
Oemona hirta, the lemon tree borer, also known as the whistling beetle or the singing beetle, is a longhorn beetle endemic to New Zealand. Its larvae are generalist feeders, boring into the wood of a wide variety of trees, native and introduced. When citrus orchards were first established in New Zealand, this beetle started inflicting serious damage, and so gained the name "lemon tree borer". Four species within the genus Oemona have been identified, suggesting that more species could be found. When disturbed by predators or humans, the adult beetle stridulates creating a "rasp" or "squeak" sound by rubbing its thorax and head together against an area of thin ridges. Māori would eat a liquid called "pia manuka", which was produced by manuka trees when its wood was damaged by the larvae. When Captain Cook first arrived in NZ, his naturalists, Banks and Solander, collected a lemon tree borer in their first collection between 1769 and 1771. This oldest collected specimen can be found in the British Museum. A few years after the first collection, the species would be first described by the Danish naturalist Fabricius in 1775.
Pachylocerus corallinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is found in southwestern India. It was first described and given its binomial name by Frederick William Hope who examined a specimen from the cabinet of Captain Thomas Smee of the Indian Navy who had obtained it from a prickly pear in the vicinity of "Omlecope Dawar". Specimens have been recorded from as far north as Bombay, south through Matheran, Goa, to Mangalore. In this genus, the eyes are divided. The antennae are short and do not reach past the middle of the elytra in the male and are even shorter in the female.
Zoodes maculatus is a species of Longhorn beetle native to Sri Lanka and India.
References
- ↑ Catalogue Dorcasominae.pdf Archived 2015-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 Vives, Eduard (2011). "Description of a new species of Dorcasominae Apatophysini from Malawi, Afroartelida quentini sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)". Entomologia Africana. 16: 44–46 – via Google Scholar.
- ↑ Haddad, Stephanie (December 2016). The higher-level phylogeny of Cerambycidae sensu lato and new insights in the structure of tufted antennae (PhD dissertation). University of Memphis.
- ↑ Allison, J. D.; Borden, J. H.; Seybold, S. J. (2004). "A Review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)". Chemoecology. 14 (3–4). doi:10.1007/s00049-004-0277-1. S2CID 1995065.