Albert Canyon

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Albert Canyon, British Columbia
Railway point
Albert Canyon-Gorge-1919.png
Viewing platform, the gorge, Albert Canyon, c.1919
Canada British Columbia location map 2.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Albert Canyon in British Columbia
Coordinates: 51°07′54″N117°52′34″W / 51.13167°N 117.87611°W / 51.13167; -117.87611
Country Canada
Province British Columbia
Region West Kootenay
Regional District Columbia-Shuswap
Elevation
682 m (2,238 ft)
Area codes 250, 778, 236, & 672
Highways BC-1 (TCH).svg Hwy 1

Albert Canyon is a railway point in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The community was immediately east of the mouth of Albert Creek [1] [2] on the south shore of the Illecillewaet River. That settlement no longer exists, but the Canyon Hot Springs Resort borders to its north. [3] On BC Highway 1, the locality is by road about 33 kilometres (21 mi) northeast of Revelstoke and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Glacier.

Contents

Explorers

In 1865, the government dispatched Walter Moberly to explore from Kamloops to the Canadian Rockies. [4] He was the first European to penetrate the valley of the Illecillewaet, including Albert Canyon. [5] However, the gorge, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the station, [6] was named after Albert Rogers, who accompanied his uncle, Major A.B.Rogers, on the exploration of Rogers Pass in 1881. [7]

Railway

Albert Canyon, one of the original Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) stations opened to regular service in 1886, was the Rogers Pass, then Connaught Tunnel, western slope base for pusher locomotives, which predominantly assisted eastbound freight trains up the 2.5 grade. [8] The station name derives from the gorge, where the track crosses the south wall of the short box canyon on a narrow ledge. [7] All passenger trains from the late 1880s until at least 1910 made a five-minute stop [9] [10] for passengers to alight and view the Illecillewaet River rushing through the 6-metre (20 ft) wide gorge 91 metres (300 ft) below. A stone parapet later replaced the wooden lookout on a rock outcrop. The final train to stop was in 1939. [7]

Wooden viewing platform, the gorge, Albert Canyon, c.1890 Albert Canyon-Gorge-1890.jpg
Wooden viewing platform, the gorge, Albert Canyon, c.1890

A dispatcher staffed the station telegraph office. [9] A wye and water tank existed. [11] To satisfy the anticipated mining boom, CP added a long siding westward in 1898, and lengthened the wye southward. [12] In 1910, a spark from a locomotive ignited leaves and timber near the tunnel 2 kilometres (1.25 mi) west. Initially controlled, the fire later spread, almost reaching the section house. [13] Quarries in the area provided ballast for the region. [14]

A 1916 CP building program included a rooming and boarding house, cottages, [15] and a five-stall engine house [16] that replaced an earlier building. CP erected a 91,000-litre; 24,000-US-gallon (20,000 imp gal) oil fuelling tank in 1917, for oil-fired locomotives, and a mechanical coaling plant in 1921, for coal-fired locomotives. The engine house closed in 1940 when the pusher fleet relocated to Revelstoke. [8]

Still operational in 1948, [17] it is unclear when the telegraph office closed. Passenger service ended in early 1965. [18] The section crew probably relocated about this time.

In 1984, CP constructed a 280-metre (930 ft) test section of PaCT track at Albert Canyon to determine its suitability for laying in the Mount Macdonald Tunnel. [19]

A hot box detector operates 1.3 kilometres (0.8 mi) to the east. [20] Prior to double tracking, a siding existed, which measured 73 cars long west and 77 east in the late 1890s, [21] and 97 cars long in 1935. [11]

Built in 1887, the standard-design (Bohi's Type 3) two-storey station building was destroyed in 1971. [22]

Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile188718911898190519091912191619191929193219351939194319481954196019641965
[11] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [11] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]
Revelstoke125.7RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegular
Greely119.5FlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlag
Twin Butte115.1RegularRegularFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlagFlag
Albert Canyon104.9RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularBothBothBothBothBothBothBothBothRegularRegularFlag
Illecillewaet 98.2RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularFlagFlagFlagFlag
Flat Creek 93.2Flag
Ross Peak 89.7RegularRegularFlagFlagFlagFlag
Glacier 85.5RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularBoth

Mining

In the late 1880s, the government built a 13-kilometre (8.25 mi) wagon road from the station, across the Illecillwaet River, and up the Tangier River (then called the North fork) to serve the branch trails to various mines. [40] However, this artery was little more than a trail itself. [41] The road reached the famous Jumbo Mine of Corbie, Kennedy & Co. [42] In 1897, Grant Govan, a mining entrepreneur, initiated a wagon road to the Waverley mine on Downie Creek. The approximate 40-kilometre (25 mi) length appears to include a rehabilitation of the original road. [43] Barry & Ross, the road contractors, [44] completed the project by that November. [45]

The Farm, a hotel, was established 24 kilometres (15 mi) north on the road. [46] Patterson Bros, who were unsuccessful in leasing the Springs Hotel from John H. Skogstrom (see #Community), [47] built a hotel at the 16-kilometre (10 mi) mark on the road. [48]

When the Waverley mine began shipping ore in November 1897, [49] using horses, mules, [50] and sleighs, [51] proposals were developing to build a narrow-gauge railway line from Albert Canyon to the mine. [52] Soon, more grandiose railway plans emerged for the northward line to connect with the Tangier mine, [53] continue north, then west, and finally south to Revelstoke. [54] The Waverley mine erected a further warehouse at Albert Canyon, [55] and Fred Forrest opened a store at the mine site. [12] A sawmill was installed on the North fork to meet the expected lumber demands. [56] When the avalanche danger ruled out any railway line, [57] the Waverley mine quickly abandoned the assembly of the new concentrator plant at the site. [58] In 1900, the Tangier mine closed. [59] When Goldfields of BC had been floated in 1897 for £2 million, the Tangier and Waverley mines were the prime properties. After the speculative frenzy evaporated, Marble Bay Mines purchased all the equipment (sawmill, compressor plant, concentrator plant, and stores) from the liquidators in 1901 for shipping to Texada Island. [60]

In the mid 1910s, there was some activity at the Waverley mine [61] and other properties, [62] which expanded over the following years. [63] In 1921, Walters Investment Co. purchased the Waverley-Tangier mine properties. [64] Small crews rehabilitated the sites in 1924 and 1925, and active exploration in 1929 was promising. In 1951, 10 kilometres (6 mi) of road repairs to the Tangier site were abandoned because of forest fires. In 1987, geological mapping was conducted at both locations. [65]

Community

Albert Canyon layout, 1926 AlbertCanyonLayout1926.jpg
Albert Canyon layout, 1926

A.J. Strand, a mixed farmer, [66] in the Skogstrom & Strand hotel partnership, ran the Hot Springs hotel from the late 1880s. The warm spring for bathing was said, somewhat optimistically, to be a few hundred yards south. [9] [42] At that time, the population was about 25. [67] When Strand relocated, [68] John H. Skogstrom, a farmer, became hotelkeeper in the mid-1890s. [69] That year, Ben Green bought 16 hectares (40 acres) from Skogstrom. [70] Both Skogstrom and Green lost farm produce in an 1896 forest fire that even endangered the station and hotel, renamed that year as The Springs Hotel. [71]

In 1897, Skogstrom built a store. [72] Meanwhile, Green developed mining interests. [73] Expecting an exponential growth in mining, and Albert Canyon becoming a key centre, Grant Govan wanted to purchase 40 hectares (100 acres) from Skogstrom to build the town site. [74] J.P. Kennedy and T.E. Marshall planned to erect a $15,000 hotel. [75] In 1898, Skogstom renovated the Springs Hotel, [76] and sold the store to his nephew, Charles Carlson, who added a storeroom. [77] As storekeeper, [78] Carlson was the inaugural postmaster 1897–1899. [79] William J. White assumed management of the Springs hotel, [80] and the Skogstrom liquor licence was transferred. [48] That year, the community erected a schoolhouse, which was also used as a community hall, and for church services. [81]

In 1899, Skogstrom resumed control of the Springs Hotel, [82] and Carlson leased the store to Andre Maroney, the former section foreman, [83] who became postmaster 1899–1901. [79] That year, Miss Ada W. Griffiths was the inaugural teacher at the school opening. [84] During 1900, Dr. E.C. Paget, vicar of St. Peter's (Anglican), Revelstoke, [85] visited to hold services. [86] Skogstrom appears to have briefly leased the hotel to Carlson. [87] Ben Green became postmaster 1901–1906, [79] most likely after the store had shuttered. [88] In 1903, the two thermal pools and a new changing facility were described as being over 1.2 kilometres (.75 mi) away. [89] By 1906, six houses stood at the gorge, [90] and several tourist cabins existed on the Waverley road. [6] That year, Rev L.E. Gosling, a Presbyterian missionary, resided in the hamlet, while he ministered along the CP line. [91] A.E. Shark was postmaster 1906–1909. [79]

In 1908, a falling tree demolished the hot pool enclosure, but not the pool. Carlson re-established a general store. [92] Entrepreneur, Curtis D. Morris of Rogers Pass opened Canyon House, a boarding house, transferring his liquor licence from the Windsor Hotel at Illecillewaet. [93] A year later, his brother Bernard [94] ran the Springs Hotel. [95] Frank Holder, the CP agent, [96] was postmaster 1909–1927. [79] By 1910, Bernard Morris managed Canyon House, the Springs Hotel was in its final days, and the Presbyterians were holding regular services, [10] which continued into the decade. [97] The Revelstoke Sunday schools held their combined annual picnic for many years at Albert Canyon. [98] By the late 1910s, Graham Thomas was the storekeeper, CP operated the only lodgings, and the population was about 85, [96] [99] soon increasing to 100. [100]

In 1924, the Morris family became the store owner, [101] but Mrs. Jessie E. Crabbe ran the business. [102] The latter was postmaster 1927–1929, [79] and the population was about 60. [103] The Union Mission conducted the church services 1927–1932. [104]

Returning as storekeeper, [105] Charles Carlson was postmaster 1929–1950. [79] The store and CP boarding house appear to have closed in the late 1930s. [106] Throughout the 1940s, the population was just over 40. [107]

A sawmill existed from the late 1940s [17] at least until the late 1950s. [16] After a couple of shorter incumbents, Robert Arthur Woolsey was the final postmaster 1955–1966. [79] A store operated at that time. [16]

During the Rogers Pass highway construction, a camp existed at Albert Canyon. [108] An all-season gravel highway, which linked westward to Revelstoke from 1960, [109] was paved in 1961. [110] The school closed in 1966. [16] By the 1970s, the hamlet comprised deserted buildings. [111] In 1975, the Canyon Hot Springs Resort opened with a pool, campsite, restaurant and store. The cabins came later. [112] The resort receives electricity from the CP transmission line. [113] In 2020, the property was advertised for sale at $10,800,000. [114]

School Enrolment
YearPupilsGradeRef.YearPupilsGradeRef.YearPupilsGradeRef.YearPupilsGradeRef.
1899‍–‍00   12 [115] 1915‍–‍16   10 [116] 1934‍–‍35     Operated [117] 1950‍–‍51   161–8 [118]
1900–01   19 [119] 1916–17   15 [120] 1935–36   121–8 [121] 1951–52   151–8 [122]
1901–02   15 [123] 1917–18   18 [124] 1936–37   131–8 [125] 1952–53   151–8 [126]
1902–03   12 [127] 1918–19   16 [128] 1937–38   131–8 [129] 1953–54   151–7 [130]
1903–04   14 [131] 1919–23     Operated [132] 1938–39   102–8 [133] 1954–55   132–8 [134]
1904–05     Closed [135] 1923–24     Operated [136] 1939–40     83–9 [137] 1955–56     91–6 [138]
1905–06   11 [139] 1924–25     Unknown1940–41     Closed [140] 1956–57   131–7 [141]
1906–07   19 [142] 1925–26     Operated [143] 1941–42     71–6 [144] 1957–58   131–5 [145]
1907–08   17 [146] 1926–27     Operated [147] 1942–43     81–9 [148] 1958–59   181–6 [149]
1908–09   21 [150] 1927–28     Operated [103] 1943–44     91–8 [151] 1959–60   121–7 [152]
1909–10   18 [153] 1928–29     Operated [154] 1944–45     72–6 [155] 1960–61   181–8 [156]
1910–11   15 [157] 1929–30     Operated [158] 1945–46     Closed [159] 1961–62   111–6 [160]
1911–12   16 [161] 1930–31     Operated [105] 1946–47     Closed [162] 1962–63   101–7 [163]
1912–13   15 [164] 1931–32     Operated [165] 1947–48   131–7 [166] 1963–64   101–5 [167]
1913–14   11 [168] 1932–33     Operated [169] 1948–49     91–7 [170] 1964–65   141–7 [171]
1914–15   10 [172] 1933–34     Unknown1949–50     81–9 [173] 1965–66   141–6 [174]

Accidents

Westward, Albert Canyon Station, 1899 Albert Canyon - CPR Station - Joeseph Heckman 1899.jpg
Westward, Albert Canyon Station, 1899

1892: A freight train wrecked in the vicinity. [175]

1894: Just west, an avalanche derailed the tender on a westbound passenger train. [176]

1899: While attempting to board a moving train, a passenger slipped, falling beneath the wheels, where he suffered fatal injuries. [177]

1901: About 10 kilometres (6 mi) west, a five-year-old boy fell from an eastbound passenger train, the wheels severing both his legs. Although found by a watchman, his absence was unnoticed until the train reached Albert Canyon. A relief train found and took the boy to Revelstoke hospital, where a double amputation was successfully performed. [178]

1902: The engineer and fireman were found negligent when a locomotive and eight cars of a westbound freight train derailed, tearing up part of the station platform. The engineer sustained burns and other crew members bruises. [179]

1903: The fireman was scalded when an avalanche derailed a locomotive and one car. [180]

1904: A second avalanche killed two workers, and injured several others, while clearing an earlier slide. [181]

1905: A freight locomotive derailed in the vicinity. [182]

1906: Three miles east, the wheels of a construction train fatally crushed the spine of a section hand who was crossing beneath a car when it began to move. [183]

1908: When an avalanche swept two section crew boarding cars from the track, at least five of the 40 occupants died. [184]

1910: An avalanche struck a car carrying senior staff being hauled by a rotary snowplow in the area. Although the car tumbled down an embankment, the occupants sustained only bruises. [185]

1912: An avalanche toppled the locomotive and three cars of a wrecking train, killing one occupant and injuring three others. [186]

1928: Upending two boarding cars, an avalanche killed four section crew and injured ten others. [187]

1929: At Lauretta, which is 8.4 kilometres (5.2 mi) west of Albert Canyon, [11] one engineer and a bystander died in a head-on collision. [188]

1955: An 80-year-old man did not survive on being struck by a snowplow. [189]

1956: Thirteen freight cars derailed between Albert Canyon and Lauretta. [190]

1963: A boulder on the tracks derailed three diesel engines and a baggage car on a passenger train. [191]

1970: Eighteen cars of a 104-car westbound coal train derailed. [192]

1975: Seven cars of a westbound coal train derailed. [193] The following week, 21 cars of an empty 78-car coal train derailed. [194] [195]

1981: A passing train fatally injured a man walking along the tracks. [196]

2011: Seventeen cars of a westbound freight train derailed just west of Lauretta. [197]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Albert Canyon (railway point)". BC Geographical Names .
  2. ↑ "Albert Creek (creek)". BC Geographical Names .
  3. ↑ "Albert Canyon Hot Spring (hot spring)". BC Geographical Names .
  4. ↑ Bilsland 1955, p. 15.
  5. ↑ Bilsland 1955, p. 181.
  6. 1 2 "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 24 Jan 1906. pp. 1, 4.
  7. 1 2 3 Booth 1991, p. 37.
  8. 1 2 Booth 1991, p. 38.
  9. 1 2 3 "1889 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  10. 1 2 "1910 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 28 Apr 1935. p. 3 (TT 70).
  12. 1 2 "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 18 Jun 1898. p. 2.
  13. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 3 Aug 1910. p. 1.
  14. ↑ Finch, David A.A. (1987). "A History of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Glacier National Park, B.C., 1884–1930" (PDF). parkscanadahistory.com. Environment Canada. p. 10.
  15. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 25 Nov 1916. p. 4.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Albert Canyon... Relived by the Schut family 1956–1958". albert-canyon.blogspot.com.
  17. 1 2 "1948 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  18. ↑ "Golden Star". www.newspapers.com. 18 Mar 1965. p. 1. ….applied to the Board of Transport Commissioners to close the agency at Albert Canyon and Glacier.
  19. ↑ Bilow, David N.; Paradise, Scott J. "Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair of PaCT Canadian Pacific Rogers Pass Tunnels British Columbia, Canada". www.arema.org. p. 3.
  20. ↑ "2003 timetable" (PDF). www.mapleleaftracks.com. pp. 13–14.
  21. ↑ Backler, Gary G. (1981). The C.P.R.'s capacity and investment strategy in Rogers Pass, B.C., 1882–1916. library.ubc.ca (MScB). p. 87.
  22. ↑ Bohi, Charles W.; Kozma, Leslie S. (1993). Canadian Pacific's Western Depots. South Platte Press. p. 131. ISBN   0-942035-25-9.
  23. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. May 1887. p. 12 (21).
  24. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 15 Jun 1891. pp. 88–90 (44–45).
  25. ↑ "Timetable". babel.hathitrust.org. 18 Mar 1898. pp. 93, 95 (50, 52).
  26. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 8 Oct 1905. p. 49 (12).
  27. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1 Sep 1909. p. 72.
  28. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1 Dec 1912. p. 85 (TT6).
  29. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Sep 1916. p. 147 (TT10).
  30. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Nov 1919. p. 170 (TT10).
  31. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1929. p. 11 (TT9).
  32. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Sep 1932. p. 461 (TT78).
  33. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1939. p. 89 (TT7).
  34. ↑ "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. 27 Jun 1943. p. 9 (TT7).
  35. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Dec 1948. p. 9 (TT7).
  36. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1954. p. 9 (TT7).
  37. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Oct 1960. p. 7 (TT7).
  38. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 26 Apr 1964. p. 93 (TT7).
  39. ↑ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1965. p. 128 (TT7).
  40. ↑ "Daily British Columbian". library.ubc.ca. 10 Oct 1888. p. 4.
  41. ↑ "British Columbian Weekly". library.ubc.ca. 26 June 1889. p. 7.
  42. 1 2 "Kootenay Star". library.ubc.ca. 13 Sep 1890. p. 1.
  43. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 10 Jul 1897. p. 1.
  44. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 4 Sep 1897. p. 1.
  45. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 3 Nov 1897. p. 4.
  46. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 28 Aug 1897. p. 4.
    "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 7 May 1898. p. 3.
  47. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 16 Oct 1897. p. 4.
    "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 20 Jan 1898. p. 4.
  48. 1 2 "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 14 Sep 1898. p. 1.
  49. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 27 Nov 1897. p. 2.
  50. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 17 Nov 1897. p. 4.
  51. ↑ "Tribune". library.ubc.ca. 22 Jan 1898. p. 1.
  52. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 4 Dec 1897. p. 3.
  53. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 27 Apr 1898. p. 1.
  54. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 12 Feb 1898. p. 1.
  55. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 4 Jun 1898. p. 1.
  56. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 14 May 1898. p. 1.
    "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 13 Jul 1898. p. 1.
  57. ↑ "Tribune". library.ubc.ca. 22 Oct 1898. p. 1.
  58. ↑ "Tribune". library.ubc.ca. 17 Sep 1898. p. 1.
    "Golden Era". library.ubc.ca. 21 Oct 1898. p. 1.
  59. ↑ "Ledge". library.ubc.ca. 4 Jan 1900. p. 1.
  60. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 28 Jun 1901. p. 2.
    "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 21 Sep 1901. p. 4.
  61. ↑ "Ledge". library.ubc.ca. 19 Aug 1915. p. 1.
  62. ↑ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 17 Jan 1916. p. 6.
    "Greenwood Ledge". library.ubc.ca. 25 May 1916. p. 1.
  63. ↑ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 11 Aug 1919. p. 3.
  64. ↑ "Cranbrook Herald". library.ubc.ca. 2 Jun 1921. p. 3.
  65. ↑ Borovic, P. (10 Nov 1987). "Report on the Mineral Exploration and Mining of the Tangier-Waverley Project" (PDF). propertyfile.gov.bc.ca. pp. 24, 26 (12, 13).
  66. ↑ "Kootenay Star". library.ubc.ca. 23 May 1891. p. 2.
  67. ↑ "1892 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  68. ↑ "Tribune". library.ubc.ca. 19 May 1894. p. 1.
  69. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 13 Jul 1895. p. 1.
  70. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 7 Dec 1895. p. 1.
  71. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 25 Jul 1896. p. 1.
  72. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 22 May 1897. p. 1.
  73. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 26 Jun 1897. p. 1.
    "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 7 May 1898. p. 1.
  74. ↑ "Nakusp Ledge". library.ubc.ca. 22 Jul 1897. p. 1.
  75. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 14 Aug 1897. p. 1.
  76. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 2 Apr 1898. p. 1.
  77. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 20 Apr 1898. p. 1.
    "Albert Canyon has a rich history". www.canyonhotsprings.com.
  78. ↑ "1899–1900 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  79. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  80. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 8 Oct 1898. p. 1.
  81. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 30 Jul 1898. p. 1.
  82. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 4 Mar 1899. p. 1.
  83. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 7 Jun 1899. p. 4.
  84. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1899–1900". library.ubc.ca. p. 87 (xxxix).
    "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 16 Sep 1899. p. 1.
  85. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 16 May 1899. p. 4.
  86. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 17 Jan 1900. p. 4.
    "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 17 Aug 1900. p. 4.
  87. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 12 Oct 1900. p. 1.
  88. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 21 Feb 1903. p. 1.
  89. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 6 Aug 1903. p. 1.
    "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 8 Aug 1903. p. 1.
  90. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 28 Feb 1906. p. 3.
  91. ↑ "Armstrong Advance". library.ubc.ca. 8 Jun 1906. p. 3.
  92. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 22 Apr 1908. p. 4.
  93. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 29 Apr 1908. p. 3.
  94. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 13 Oct 1950. p. 38. MORRIS….Curtis Dexter….one brother. W. Bernard….
  95. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 22 May 1909. p. 3.
  96. 1 2 "1918 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  97. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 8 Feb 1913. p. 8.
    "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 26 Mar 1913. p. 1.
    "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 9 May 1914. p. 8.
  98. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 12 Jul 1911. p. 6.
    to "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 26 Aug 1916. p. 4.
  99. ↑ "1919 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  100. ↑ "1920 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  101. ↑ "1924 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  102. ↑ "1925 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  103. 1 2 "1927 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  104. ↑ "1927 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
    to "1932 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  105. 1 2 "1930 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  106. ↑ "1936 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
    "1937 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
    "1938 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  107. ↑ "1943 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
    to "1948 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  108. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 18 Jun 1958. p. 40. New section of the Trans-Canada Highway.…. the contractors, are erecting a camp at Albert Canyon.
  109. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 28 Nov 1960. p. 6. ….New Trans-Canada Highway…will be maintained to Albert Canyon for the winter. However….east of Albert Canyon….is closed.
  110. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 25 May 1961. p. 1. A $371,678 contract for paving 12.44 miles….between Revelstoke and Glacier National Park has been awarded to Dawson Wade & Co. Ltd.
  111. ↑ "Canadian Rail" (PDF). www.exporail.org. June 1973. p. 173.
  112. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 18 Mar 1975. p. 25. Canyon Hot Springs now offers…a modern hot plunge plus a pool. A restaurant….trading post….campsite. No lodge accommodation is available as yet. The waters are said to have been discovered by Canadian Pacific Railway Co. workmen at the turn of the century.
  113. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 30 Aug 1993. p. 3.
  114. ↑ "Narcity". www.narcity.com. 27 May 2020.
  115. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1899–1900". library.ubc.ca. p. 63 (xv).
  116. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1915–16". library.ubc.ca. p. 184 (Alxx).
  117. ↑ "1934 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  118. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1950–51". library.ubc.ca. p. K150.
  119. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1900–01". library.ubc.ca. p. 74 (xvii).
  120. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1916–17". library.ubc.ca. p. 202 (Alxx).
  121. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1935–36". library.ubc.ca. p. H207.
  122. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1951–52". library.ubc.ca. p. N155.
  123. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1901–02". library.ubc.ca. p. 86 (Axviii).
  124. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1917–18". library.ubc.ca. p. 182 (Dlviii).
  125. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1936–37". library.ubc.ca. p. 183 (I177).
  126. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1952–53". library.ubc.ca. p. P146.
  127. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1902–03". .library.ubc.ca. p. 89 (Cxx).
  128. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1918–19". library.ubc.ca. p. 186 (Alxii).
  129. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1937–38". library.ubc.ca. p. 183 (J177).
  130. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1953–54". library.ubc.ca. p. O132.
  131. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1903–04". library.ubc.ca. p. 87 (Axx).
  132. ↑ "1919 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
    to "1923 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  133. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1938–39". library.ubc.ca. p. 195 (H185).
  134. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1954–55". library.ubc.ca. p. EE 140.
  135. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 14 Oct 1905. p. 4.
  136. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 26 Jul 1924. p. 10. Albert Canyon – Cecil Morris 346 Charity E. Mitchell 324.
  137. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1939–40". library.ubc.ca. p. 205 (B194).
  138. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1955–56". library.ubc.ca. p. FF154.
  139. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1905–06". library.ubc.ca. p. 83 (Axxiii).
  140. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1940–41". library.ubc.ca. p. 212 (D206).
  141. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1956–57". library.ubc.ca. p. X82.
  142. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1906–07". library.ubc.ca. p. 76 (Axxvi).
  143. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 22 Jul 1926. p. 2. Albert Canyon Public School…Grade IX: Reginald F. Young
  144. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1941–42". library.ubc.ca. p. 215 (B207).
  145. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1957–58". library.ubc.ca. p. W82.
  146. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1907–08". library.ubc.ca. p. 82 (Bxxx).
  147. ↑ "1926 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  148. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1942–43". library.ubc.ca. p. 220 (B214).
  149. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1958–59". library.ubc.ca. p. Z89.
  150. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1908–09". library.ubc.ca. p. 110 (Axxxii).
  151. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1943–44". library.ubc.ca. p. 243 (B237).
  152. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1959–60". library.ubc.ca. p. X115.
  153. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1909–10". library.ubc.ca. p. 114 (Axxxvi).
  154. ↑ "1928 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  155. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1944–45". library.ubc.ca. p. 257 (Y253).
  156. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1960–61". library.ubc.ca. p. Z113.
  157. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1910–11". library.ubc.ca. p. 119 (Axli).
  158. ↑ "1929 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  159. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1945–46". library.ubc.ca. p. 165 (MM163).
  160. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1961–62". library.ubc.ca. p. Z115.
  161. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1911–12". library.ubc.ca. p. 111 (Axlvii).
  162. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1946–47". library.ubc.ca. p. Y155.
  163. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1962–63". library.ubc.ca. p. W115.
  164. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1912–13". library.ubc.ca. p. 132 (Aliv).
  165. ↑ "Vancouver Sun, 23 Jul 1932". www.newspapers.com. p. 19. Albert Canyon – Reino Aho 360
    "1931 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  166. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1947–48". library.ubc.ca. p. 145 (JJ143).
  167. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1963–64". library.ubc.ca. p. N137.
  168. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1913–14". library.ubc.ca. p. 144 (Alx).
  169. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1932–33". library.ubc.ca. p. 37 (M35).
  170. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1948–49". library.ubc.ca. p. N151.
  171. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1964–65". library.ubc.ca. p. D133.
  172. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1914–15". library.ubc.ca. p. 189 (Alxix).
  173. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1949–50". library.ubc.ca. p. O145.
  174. ↑ "Public Schools annual report, 1965–66". library.ubc.ca. pp. F132–F133.
  175. ↑ "Kootenay Star". library.ubc.ca. 9 Jul 1892. p. 1.
  176. ↑ "Winnipeg Tribune". www.newspapers.com. 31 May 1894. p. 3. Shortly after leaving Albert Canyon, the train ran into another slide, which threw the tender off the track….
  177. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 28 Jan 1899. p. 1.
  178. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 13 Mar 1901. p. 1.
  179. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 22 Aug 1902. p. 1.
    "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 5 Sep 1902. p. 1.
  180. ↑ "Kootenay Mail". library.ubc.ca. 28 Mar 1903. p. 1.
  181. ↑ "Revelstoke Herald". library.ubc.ca. 14 Apr 1904. p. 1.
  182. ↑ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 25 Nov 1905. p. 1.
  183. ↑ "Victoria Daily Times". www.newspapers.com. 11 Dec 1906. p. 6. Three miles east of Albert Canyon…a construction train….At the moment the train was put in motion a Japanese had….crept under the car….and became caught under the wheels which….crushed in his spine. He….expired almost immediately….
  184. ↑ "Daily Canadian". library.ubc.ca. 14 Apr 1908. p. 1.
  185. ↑ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 26 Jan 1910. p. 1.
  186. ↑ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 16 Jan 1912. p. 1.
  187. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 14 Apr 1928. p. 22. A big slide overwhelmed two C.P.R. boarding cars….on a side track in Albert Canyon. Four were killed and ten injured.
  188. ↑ "Red Deer Advocate". www.newspapers.com. 31 Jan 1929. p. 6. ….the first engineer on the eastbound freight train….collapsed at the throttle….at Lauretta, near Albert Canyon….when a heads-on collision occurred. Thompson was standing by a switch….ties broken loose….fell upon him.
  189. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 23 Mar 1955. p. 1.
  190. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 1 Oct 1956. p. 1. Derailment of 13 freight cars…No-one was injured….transcontinental line was blocked between Albert Canyon and Lauretta….
  191. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 25 Mar 1963. p. 21. ….Canadian was derailed when it slammed into a 15-foot-high boulder on the tracks in Albert Canyon….No-one was hurt as three diesel engines and a baggage car left the tracks.
  192. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 30 Oct 1970. p. 25.
  193. ↑ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 28 Jan 1975. p. 2.
  194. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 4 Feb 1975. p. 10. the second derailment in a week at Albert Canyon….
  195. ↑ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. 5 Feb 1975. p. 11.
  196. ↑ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 14 Oct 1981. p. 5.
    "Death Certificate (William A. IBBITSON)". royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  197. ↑ "BC Local News". www.bclocalnews.com. 21 Jun 2011.

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