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Aleksandar Tsankov Александър Цанков | |
---|---|
![]() Tsankov in 1944 | |
21st Prime Minister of Bulgaria | |
In office 9 June 1923 –4 January 1926 | |
Monarch | Boris III |
Preceded by | Aleksandar Stamboliyski |
Succeeded by | Andrey Lyapchev |
Prime Minister of the Bulgarian government-in-exile | |
In office 16 September 1944 –10 May 1945 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Oryahovo,Bulgaria | June 29,1879
Died | July 27,1959 80) Buenos Aires,Argentina | (aged
Political party | Democratic Alliance (1923-1932) National Social Movement (1932 afterwards) |
Aleksandar Tsolov Tsankov (Bulgarian :АлександърЦоловЦанков;June 29,1879 –July 27,1959) was a leading Bulgarian [1] politician during the interwar period between the two world wars.
A professor of political economy at Sofia University from 1910 onwards, [2] he took a leading role in deposing Aleksandar Stamboliyski in 1923. He was chosen to head the coalition that succeeded the deposed premier. [2] The coup succeeded as the Bulgarian Communist Party took a neutral attitude towards the Agrarians rather than supporting Stamboliyski. [3] He became Prime Minister of Bulgaria on 9 June that same year.[ citation needed ] He continued in this role until 4 January 1926. During that period,he was the leader of the Democratic Alliance. His premiership was marked by deep internal struggles with the Bulgarian Communist Party,which Tsankov repressed mercilessly,declaring martial law and outlawing the Communists in 1925 following an attempt on Tsar Boris's life and a bomb attack on the St Nedelya Cathedral. [2] His actions led to Comintern denouncing the government as a "victorious Bulgarian fascist clique",whilst he later turned his attentions on the Agrarian Peoples Union[ clarification needed ],who were also suppressed,albeit less ferociously [4]
A brief invasion by Greek troops followed,and although they did not stay long following condemnation by the League of Nations,the country was left crippled by debt. Tsankov was removed from office after failing to secure a loan for the country. [2] Any support for Tsankov had dwindled as the people tired of his reign of terror. [5]
After being removed from the political mainstream,Tsankov began to develop an admiration for Fascism and soon became a supporter of Adolf Hitler. [2] In 1932,he set up his own National Social Movement mainly in imitation of the Nazi Party. [6] The movement proved relatively unimportant (although it did represent a further fragmentation of the governing coalition),lacking the support of Zveno and failing to secure Nazi approval,which was primarily reserved for the Union of Bulgarian National Legions. [2] Nonetheless,Tsankov was appointed by the Nazis in 1944 as prime minister of the Bulgarian government-in-exile set up in Germany in response to Kimon Georgiev's Fatherland Front government. [7] This was even though Tsankov had been a signatory,one of only two from the right-wing opposition,to Dimitar Peshev's letter calling for an end to the deportation of Jews. [8] After the Second World War Tsankov fled to Argentina and died in Belgrano,Buenos Aires in 1959. [2]
Boris III,originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver,was the Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death in 1943.
Georgi Dimitrov Mihaylov also known as Georgiy Mihaylovich Dimitrov,was a Bulgarian communist politician who served as leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party from 1933 to 1949,and the first leader of the Communist People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 to 1949. From 1935 to 1943,he was the General Secretary of the Communist International.
Aleksandar Stoimenov Stamboliyski was a Bulgarian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1919 until 1923.
The Peasant International,known most commonly by its Russian abbreviation Krestintern (Крестинтерн),was an international peasants' organization formed by the Communist International (Comintern) in October 1923. The organization attempted to achieve united front relations with radical peasant parties in Eastern Europe and Asia,without lasting success. After failing to make headway with important initiatives in Bulgaria,Yugoslavia,and China in the 1920s,the organization was placed on hiatus at the end of the decade. The so-called Red Peasant International was formally dissolved in 1939.
After the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878,the 1878 Treaty of Berlin set up an autonomous state,the Principality of Bulgaria,within the Ottoman Empire. Although remaining under Ottoman sovereignty,it functioned independently,taking Alexander of Battenberg as its first prince in 1879. In 1885 Alexander took control of the still-Ottoman Eastern Rumelia,officially under a personal union. Following Prince Alexander's abdication (1886),a Bulgarian Assembly elected Ferdinand I as prince in 1887. Full independence from Ottoman control was declared in 1908.
The Bulgarian Agrarian National Union,is a political party devoted to representing the causes of the Bulgarian peasantry. It was an agrarian movement and was most powerful between 1900 and 1923. Unlike the socialist movements of the early 20th century,it was devoted to questions concerning agriculture and farmers,rather than industry and factory workers. The BZNS,one of the first and most powerful of the agrarian parties in Eastern Europe,dominated Bulgarian politics during the beginning of the 20th century. It is also the only agrarian party in Europe that ever came to power with a majority government,rather than merely as part of a coalition. It is a founding member of the former International Agrarian Bureau.
The Tsardom of Bulgaria,also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom,sometimes translated as the Kingdom of Bulgaria,or simply Bulgaria,was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe,which was established on 5 October 1908,when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom.
Konstantin Vladov Muraviev was a leading member of the Agrarian People's Union who briefly served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria near the end of Bulgaria's involvement in the Second World War on the side of Germany. Muraviev was educated at Robert College of Istanbul,just like Todor Ivanchov,Konstantin Stoilov and many other Bulgarians were at the time.
The National Social Movement was a minor Bulgarian political party formed in 1932 by Aleksandar Tsankov.
The 1923 Bulgarian coup d'état,also known as the 9 June coup d'état,was a coup d'état in Bulgaria implemented by armed forces under General Ivan Valkov's Military League on the evening of 9 June 1923. Hestitantly legitimized by a decree of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria,the coup overthrew the elected government headed by Aleksandar Stamboliyski of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union,and replaced it with one under Aleksandar Tsankov.
The National Socialist Bulgarian Workers Party was a Nazi party based in the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934,also known as the 19 May coup d'état,was a coup d'état in the Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out by the Zveno military organization and the Military Union with the aid of the Bulgarian Army. It overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev.
Nikola Dimitrov Petkov was a Bulgarian politician,one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union. He entered politics in the early 1930s. Like many other peasant party leaders in Poland,Hungary,and Bulgaria in 1945–1947,Petkov was tried and executed soon after postwar Soviet control was established in his country. State Department emissary,Mark Ethridge,sent to Bulgaria in 1945 to report on conditions to President Truman,called him "the bravest man I've ever known." He was a son of the politician Dimitar Petkov. His brother Petko Petkov was shot dead by an unknown assassin in 1924. Nikola Petkov was among the founders of the Fatherland Front (FF) in 1943 and participated in the establishment of the new government before becoming its target.
Fascist movements in Europe were the set of various fascist ideologies which were practiced by governments and political organizations in Europe during the 20th century. Fascism was born in Italy following World War I,and other fascist movements,influenced by Italian Fascism,subsequently emerged across Europe. Among the political doctrines which are identified as ideological origins of fascism in Europe are the combining of a traditional national unity and revolutionary anti-democratic rhetoric which was espoused by the integral nationalist Charles Maurras and the revolutionary syndicalist Georges Sorel.
The International Agrarian Bureau,commonly known as the Green International,was founded in 1921 by the agrarian parties of Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,Poland and Yugoslavia. The creation of a continental association of peasants was championed by Aleksandar Stamboliyski of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union,but originated with earlier attempts by Georg Heim. Following Stamboliyski's downfall in 1923,the IAB came to be dominated by the Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants in Czechoslovakia,whose member Karel Mečířserved as its first leader. Mečířwas able to extend the IAB beyond its core in Slavic Europe,obtaining support from the National Peasants' Party in Greater Romania;as an ideologue,Milan Hodža introduced the Green International to European federalism.
Ivan Dimitrov Dochev was a Bulgarian far-right politician active either side of the Second World War.
The Democratic Alliance was a Bulgarian political party that existed between 1923 and the banning of political parties in 1934. During most of that period it was the ruling party in the country,making it the third longest-ruling party in the country after the Bulgarian Communist Party and the People's Liberal Party.
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The Agrarian National Guard,unofficially known as the Orange Guard was a Bulgarian paramilitary organization created by the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU). It operated during the premiership of the Agrarian politician Aleksandar Stamboliyski,who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1919 to 1923. The Guard not only functioned as Stamboliyski's bodyguard,but also carried out the government's radical land-reform policies. The militia earned its unofficial name,the Orange Guard,from the opposition –in reference to BANU's official color. It was divided in two parts –infantry and cavalry.