Alexander and Nicole Gratovsky | |
---|---|
Born | Alexander 1963 (age 60–61), Nicole 1972 (age 51–52) |
Occupation(s) | anthropologists, writers, travellers, filmmakers, public figures |
Years active | 1990 — present |
Website | https://dolphinembassy.org |
Alexander and Nicole Gratovsky are Russian and European (Belgium, Spain) anthropologists of Russian descent, spouses, co-authors of books, [1] films, [2] expositions, [3] public presentations, [4] and cultural events in the field of mind and consciousness research. [5]
Alexander and Nicole (maiden name Kors) met in 1990 in Brussels and were baptised into the Orthodox faith and married at the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow in the same year. At baptism, Nicole received the name Tatiana. The couple were married by father Mikhail Ryazantsev.
In 1998, the Gratovskys created the Ultimate Experience Club, engaged in the study of human possibilities, existential consulting, transformative practices and logotherapy in Europe (Belgium) and Russia. Collaborators included leading psychologists, in particular, Jean Becchio [6] and Alexander Asmolov. The Club developed and published a number of humanitarian technologies in the field of conscious construction of the future in the form of collective monographs. [7] Based on the results of the club's projects, the Gratovskys wrote a series of documentary adventure novels under the pseudonym Alex Forain. [8] [9] [10]
In the early 2000s, the Gratovskys began to engage in independent "non-invasive" studies of free-living dolphins and whales. [11] [12] Having spent more than 5,000 hours with free dolphins and whales, [13] based on their own experience of interaction with them, [14] [15] as well as numerous scientific data indicating the high level of intelligence of cetaceans, [16] [17] [18] their possession of self-awareness, [19] [20] a highly organised society [21] and culture, [22] the Gratovskys consider cetaceans to be carriers of the most developed (although organised differently to that of humans) consciousness on the planet, [23] with "capabilities and a way of life that contain highly important lessons for humans." [13]
In 2008, the Gratovskys created the Dolphin Embassy: "an interdisciplinary centre considering the modern era, not from the anthropocentric position of the "conqueror of nature" and the "crown of creation," but from the perspective of the planet as a unified, living and intelligent organism and, as a special case, from the position of dolphins and whales." [24] The embassy is simultaneously a research, consulting, production and cultural centre, with its permanent headquarters on Tenerife (Canary Islands). This location was chosen due it being both minimally politically engaged and one of the world's "capitals" of cetaceans. [11]
The embassy appoints "chargés d'affaires." According to the project's creators, these are individuals whose main concern and interest are the planet and humanity as a whole. [15] The embassy's official website and a series of interviews by the Gratovskys indicate that they include approximately one hundred prominent scientists and cultural figures from different countries, among the first of whom were Umberto Eco, Ervin Laszlo, Giacomo Rizzolatti, Slava Polunin [15] and others. [25] [ who? ] The embassy organises independent research expeditions (including the round-the-world "Archaeology of Possibilities" project,) [26] publishing their results in films and books, as well as presenting them during special public events. [3]
One area of research is the possibility of interaction between humans and wildlife, in particular, experiments on the creation of a direct "dialogue" between free dolphins/whales and outstanding modern jazz improvisation musicians (including Arkady Shilkloper, [25] Davide Swarup, David Rothenberg), carried out on the embassy's expedition vessels using underwater acoustic equipment. The video of the musician and public figure Mikhail Kazinik relating the story of one of these experiments in the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in June 2017 evoked significant public interest and gained more than 693,000 views on YouTube (as at 20 May 2020). [27]
The Gratovskys engage in public speaking, as well as organisation of educational and cultural events. Central events include the annual Dolphinity World Festival [6] on Tenerife, [28] as well as Dolphin Day [29] [30] at the St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum, focused on the nature of consciousness, the unity of the world and the possibility of direct interaction between mankind and the universe. In 2017, the multimedia exhibition "Just Like You. Human and Dolphin" was visited by 8,000 people over two days. [31]
On 18 November 2017, the Dolphin Language and Culture scientific and practical conference was organised by the Gratovskys in St. Petersburg with the participation of leading cetacean researchers, such as Jim Darling, Hal Whitehead and Toni Frohoff, among others. [32] This resulted in the adoption of the "International Declaration on the Protection of the Rights and Freedom of Dolphins and Whales," which recognises cetaceans as "(non-human) individuals with self-awareness, endowed with intelligence and feelings," in 10 points establishing a new type of relationship between humans and cetaceans: without violence, exploitation and slavery. The Declaration has been signed by prominent scientists, public figures and cultural figures from different countries. [33]
From 10 to 14 October 2019, the NOW Worldview Assembly, organised by the Gratovskys, took place in Delphi, Greece. The Assembly brought together more than 100 thinkers, authors of breakthrough scientific discoveries, ideas and practices from around the world. [5] [34] The Assembly's initiators formulated the event's purpose as follows:
The Assembly is a congress of scientists, cultural figures and social practitioners ready to present to their colleagues their discoveries capable of changing the familiar picture of the universe and mankind. The Assembly intends to find an answer to the possibility of exiting the civilisational impasse.
Alexander and Nicole Gratovsky [5]
Participants included Ashok Khosla, co-chair of the United Nations Environment Programme International Resource Panel; Barry Kerzin, personal physician to the Dalai Lama; Janusz Wiśniewski, writer, author of the novel Loneliness on the Net;[ citation needed ] Gerald Pollack, author of the theory of the fourth phase of water; George Ovashvili, film director, screenwriter and producer; Kalevi Kull, head of the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies; heads of the foremost international associations of thinkers, the Club of Rome and the Club of Budapest; among others. [15] [5] [34] The Assembly was held behind closed doors, deliberately excluding the presence of journalists and members of the general public. The Assembly's report, published as a separate book, [35] [36] concludes that urgent changes to humanity's current way of life and hierarchy of values are necessary and inevitable, and new definitions of fundamental existential concepts, such as intelligence, consciousness and life, among others, are proposed in the form of modern Delphic Maxims, with the first being: "Consciousness is the ability to choose the future." [37]
All books are illustrated with original photographs.
Predator of Tenderness film trilogy (Russian title: Хищник Нежность): three films by the Gratovskys (as screenwriters, directors and producers) [2] created on the boundary between the genres of art and documentary. The first film in the trilogy, My Pilot, Whale (Russian title: Мой Пилот, Кит), proposes a view from a human perspective of a dolphin as an "older brother" and the possibility of contact between them. The second, Intraterrestrial (Russian title: Интратеррестр), is a dialogue between a human and a dolphin, two cultures and two worldviews. The third, Revelation of Jonah (Russian title: Откровение Ионы), which looks at man from the perspective of a whale, symbolising the universe as a whole, is a new interpretation of the biblical parable, with the focus transferred from the person of the prophet to modern humanity. The films received numerous prizes from international film festivals. [47] [48] [49] [50] The authors opened the Russian version of Revelation of Jonah for public access immediately after completing work on it on 23 April 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. As at 20 May 2020, more than 89 thousand people had watched the film. [51]
The Gratovskys have a son, Anton, a grandson, Maxim, and a granddaughter, Julia Anna Maria. [14]
Alexander and Nicole are qualified to sail yachts and dance Argentine tango, being students of Pablo Verón. [14]
Cetacea is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel themselves through the water with powerful up-and-down movement of their tail which ends in a paddle-like fluke, using their flipper-shaped forelimbs to maneuver.
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti. Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae, Platanistidae, Iniidae, Pontoporiidae, and possibly extinct Lipotidae. There are 40 extant species named as dolphins.
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and porpoises. Dolphins and porpoises may be considered whales from a formal, cladistic perspective. Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla, which consists of even-toed ungulates. Their closest non-cetacean living relatives are the hippopotamuses, from which they and other cetaceans diverged about 54 million years ago. The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti), are thought to have had their last common ancestor around 34 million years ago. Mysticetes include four extant (living) families: Balaenopteridae, Balaenidae, Cetotheriidae, and Eschrichtiidae. Odontocetes include the Monodontidae, Physeteridae, Kogiidae, and Ziphiidae, as well as the six families of dolphins and porpoises which are not considered whales in the informal sense.
Porpoises are small dolphin-like cetaceans classified under the family Phocoenidae. Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals and belugas than to the true dolphins. There are eight extant species of porpoise, all among the smallest of the toothed whales. Porpoises are distinguished from dolphins by their flattened, spade-shaped teeth distinct from the conical teeth of dolphins, and lack of a pronounced beak, although some dolphins also lack a pronounced beak. Porpoises, and other cetaceans, belong to the clade Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates.
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reliance on marine environments for feeding and survival.
The beluga whale is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus Delphinapterus. It is also known as the white whale, as it is the only cetacean to regularly occur with this colour; the sea canary, due to its high-pitched calls; and the melonhead, though that more commonly refers to the melon-headed whale, which is an oceanic dolphin.
Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the Globicephalinae. Delphinidae is a family within the superfamily Delphinoidea, which also includes the porpoises (Phocoenidae) and the Monodontidae. River dolphins are relatives of the Delphinoidea.
The toothed whales are a clade of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales with teeth, such as beaked whales and the sperm whales. 73 species of toothed whales are described. They are one of two living groups of cetaceans, the other being the baleen whales (Mysticeti), which have baleen instead of teeth. The two groups are thought to have diverged around 34 million years ago (mya).
Cetacean intelligence is the overall intelligence and derived cognitive ability of aquatic mammals belonging in the infraorder Cetacea (cetaceans), including baleen whales, porpoises, and dolphins. In 2014, a study found for first time that the long-finned pilot whale has more neocortical neurons than any other mammal, including humans, examined to date.
Pilot whales are cetaceans belonging to the genus Globicephala. The two extant species are the long-finned pilot whale and the short-finned pilot whale. The two are not readily distinguishable at sea, and analysis of the skulls is the best way to distinguish between the species. Between the two species, they range nearly worldwide, with long-finned pilot whales living in colder waters and short-finned pilot whales living in tropical and subtropical waters. Pilot whales are among the largest of the oceanic dolphins, exceeded in size only by the orca. They and other large members of the dolphin family are also known as blackfish.
The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin is one of three species of bottlenose dolphin in the genus Tursiops. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it receives in human care in marine parks and dolphinariums, and in movies and television programs. Common bottlenose dolphins inhabit temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world, absent only from polar waters. While formerly known simply as the bottlenose dolphin, this term is now applied to the genus Tursiops as a whole. As considerable genetic variation has been described within this species, even between neighboring populations, many experts think additional species may be recognized.
Cetacean surfacing behaviour is a grouping of movement types that cetaceans make at the water's surface in addition to breathing. Cetaceans have developed and use surface behaviours for many functions such as display, feeding and communication. All regularly observed members of the order Cetacea, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, show a range of surfacing behaviours.
Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand themselves on land, usually on a beach. Beached whales often die due to dehydration, collapsing under their own weight, or drowning when high tide covers the blowhole. Cetacean stranding has occurred since before recorded history.
A dolphinarium is an aquarium for dolphins. The dolphins are usually kept in a pool, though occasionally they may be kept in pens in the open sea, either for research or public performances. Some dolphinariums consist of one pool where dolphins perform for the public, others are part of larger parks, such as marine mammal parks, zoos or theme parks, with other animals and attractions as well.
The Vancouver Aquarium is a public aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Vancouver, the aquarium is a centre for marine research, ocean literacy education, climate activism, conservation and marine animal rehabilitation.
David Rothenberg is a professor of philosophy and music at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, with a special interest in animal sounds as music. He is also a composer and jazz musician whose books and recordings reflect a longtime interest in understanding other species such as singing insects by making music with them.
Marine mammals are a food source in many countries around the world. Historically, they were hunted by coastal people, and in the case of aboriginal whaling, still are. This sort of subsistence hunting was on a small scale and produced only localised effects. Dolphin drive hunting continues in this vein, from the South Pacific to the North Atlantic. The commercial whaling industry and the maritime fur trade, which had devastating effects on marine mammal populations, did not focus on the animals as food, but for other resources, namely whale oil and seal fur.
Erich Hoyt is a whale and dolphin (cetacean) researcher, conservationist, lecturer and author of 26 books and more than 700 reports, articles and papers. His book Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, has been widely reviewed as the "definitive reference of the current extent of cetacean ecosystems-based management" and as "a unique and essential book for anybody interested in the conservation and protection of cetaceans. [This] definitive source on MPAs marine protected areas for cetaceans…will influence the design and management of this important and rapidly developing conservation tool." Choice listed the book as an "Outstanding Academic Title’ for the year 2012. Since 2013, as Research Fellow with Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC) and IUCN SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force co-chair with Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Hoyt has focussed on the creation and development of the new conservation tool of Important Marine Mammal Areas, or IMMAs. In 2016, following a MAVA Foundation pilot project to identify IMMAs in the Mediterranean, the Task Force's GOBI collaboration funded by the German Climate Initiative (IKI) began a six-year project to identify and implement IMMAs across most of the southern hemisphere. The IMMA tool has been received and widely endorsed by the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), various commissions within the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the International Whaling Commission, as well as national governments and scientists.
My Pilot, Whale is a short documentary film directed by Alexander and Nicole Gratovsky, demonstrating direct communication between a human and free pilot whales in the open ocean.
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