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Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a 'pit', and the above-ground structures are a 'pit head'. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.
Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014. Mineral production contributes only 0.6 per cent to the country's GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just four per cent (2005). Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control.
Bogatyr Coal, formerly known as Bogatyr Access Komyr, is the largest coal mining company in Kazakhstan. As of 2018, the company produced 42 million tonnes of coal, accounting for approximately 40% of the country's coal output that year. The company has mined approximately 1 gigatonne of coal in its history, and has 2.5 additional gigatonnes of coal reserves, making it one of the largest coal companies in the world. Bogatyr Komir operates two mines, the Bogatyr Mine and the Severny Mine.
OKD is a major mining company in the Czech Republic, the only producer of hard coal in the country with an annual production of around 8-9 million tonnes from 4 mines with 23 shafts extracting coal from depths ranging from 600 to 1,300 metres below the surface.
The Singareni Collieries Company Limited or SCCL is a government-owned-coal mining corporation in India. It is under the ownership of Department of Energy, Government of Telangana. The Union Government's administration of the company is through the 49% ownership held by Ministry of Coal. SCCL is currently operating 45 mines where 20 opencast and 25 underground mines in 6 districts of Telangana with a manpower around 45,079 as of Nov. 2020. SCCL is contributing 9.2% in the all India Domestic Production. Since inception (1889) 1.36 BT of Coal is extracted by SCCL and it has proved reserves of 10.84 BT.
Oil shale in China is an important source of unconventional oil. A total Chinese oil shale resource amounts of 720 billion tonnes, located in 80 deposits of 47 oil shale basins. This is equal to 48 billion tonnes of shale oil. At the same time there are speculations that the actual resource may even exceed the oil shale resource of the United States.
Vinacomin is a Vietnamese mining company. The industrial conglomerate focuses on coal and mineral mining and has headquarters in Hạ Long, Quảng Ninh Province.
Mining in the United Kingdom produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals due to its complex geology. In 2013, there were over 2,000 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom producing £34bn of minerals and employing 36,000 people.
Metal production, in particular iron and steel industry, is the dominant heavy industry in Ukraine. Ukraine is the world's eighth largest producer and third largest exporter of iron and steel (2007). Ukrainian iron and steel industry accounts for around 2% of worldwide crude steel output, 5% to 6% of the national gross domestic product and 34% of Ukrainian export revenue. In 2007 it employed 420,000 people – 10% of industrial labor and 2% of the total workforce. It has the highest, by a wide margin, revealed comparative advantage of all branches of the Ukrainian economy. The industry peaked at 42.8 million tonnes in 2007 but has been gravely affected by the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and declined to 29.8 million tonnes in 2009.
Coal mining has historically been an important industry in Ukraine. Coal mining in Ukraine is often associated with coal-rich Donets basin. However this is not the only coal mining region, other being Lviv-Volhynian basin and Dnieper brown coal mining basin. The Donets basin located in the eastern Ukraine is the most developed and much bigger coal mining region in the country.
Equinox Minerals is a mining and exploration company with corporate offices in Perth, Australia and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has operations in Peru and Australia. In Zambia it owned the Lumwana Mining Company, but that was bought by Barrick Gold in 2011. Through Liontown Resources Limited and Alturas Minerals Corp., the company has gold and copper-gold exploration interests in Peru and Australia. The Lumwana project which had enough reserves to be productive for 37 years, cost the company one billion dollars to develop. In Zambia it has been credited with supporting social development through projects which aim to build schools, attract professionals to areas around its mine sites. 2010 copper production was 323.4 million pounds 68% higher than in 2009.
The Bazhanov coal mine is a large coal mine located in southeastern Ukraine in Donetsk Oblast, in the industrial city of Makiivka. Bazhanov mine represents one of the largest coal reserve in Ukraine having estimated reserves of 58.7 million tonnes of coal. The annual coal production is around 1.02 million tonnes.
The Bilozerska coal mine is a large coal mine located in the south-east of Ukraine in Donetsk Oblast. The mine was put into operation in 1954 with annual production capacity of 1 million tons. Bilozerska represents one of the largest coal reserve in Ukraine having estimated reserves of 80.4 million tonnes of coal. In 2003 the mine produced 898.9 thousand tons of coal. The extent of underground workings is 82.6/80 km (1996/1999). As per 1999 data, number of employees was 2632 persons, including 1615 underground workers. The annual coal production is around 975,000 tonnes.
The Pokrovs'ke coal mine is a large coal mine located in the south-east of Ukraine in Donetsk Oblast. Pokrovs'ke coal mine represents one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine having estimated reserves of 79.5 million tonnes. The annual coal production is around 3.49 million tonnes.
The Kapitalna coal mine is a large coal mine in the south-east of Ukraine in Donetsk Oblast. Kapitalna is one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine, having estimated reserves of 139.7 million tonnes. The annual coal production is around 1.85 million tonnes. The mine was built according to the project of Dondiproshakht, which was completed in 1964 and approved by the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR Council of Ministers of the USSR by Order No. 114-R of August 2, 1965.
The Sukhodilska–Skhidna coal mine is a large underground coal mine located in Southeast Ukraine in Luhansk Oblast. Sukhodilska–Skhidna coal mine represents one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine, having estimated reserves of 157.4 million tonnes. The annual coal production is around 712,000 tonnes.
÷Some of the more notable coal companies in Australia are the following:
Bilorichenska coal mine ranks among the biggest companies of Ukraine. It is located in Belorechenskiy, Lutuhynskiy district of Luhansk region, Ukraine. The mined coal rank is "G" – electric-power coke. As of 1 June 2011 the mine's reserves amounted to 11.6 million tons. There is a possibility of expanding the size of the reserves, and if so, the mine able reserves could amount up to 70 million tons of coal.
Mining in North Korea is important to the country's economy. North Korea is naturally abundant in metals such as magnesite, zinc, tungsten, and iron; with magnesite resources of 6 billion tonnes, particularly in the North and South Hamgyong Province and Chagang Province. However, often these cannot be mined due to the acute shortage of electricity in the country, as well as the lack of proper tools to mine these materials and an antiquated industrial base. Coal, iron ore, limestone, and magnesite deposits are larger than other mineral commodities. Mining joint ventures with other countries include China, Canada, Egypt, and South Korea.
China Hongqiao Group Limited is a Hong Kong listed company founded in 1994 that specializes in the production of aluminum. Hongqiao is currently the second largest aluminum producer in the world after Chinalco.
References
- ↑ "Coal mine methane in Ukraine" (PDF). epa.gov. January 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ↑ za zahal'noju red. Bilec'koho V.S (2004). Hirnycyj encyklopedycnyj slovnyk / 3. Donec'k: Schidnyj Vydavnyčyj Dim. ISBN 966-7804-78-X. OCLC 314768894.
- ↑ КУЩ, Павло. "Мільйон чорного золота від «Алмазної»". Урядовий Кур’єр. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
Coordinates: 48°28′08″N37°04′58″E / 48.468889°N 37.082778°E
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