Amycolatopsis orientalis

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Amycolatopsis orientalis
Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. orientalis (Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Lechevalier et al. 1986.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacillati
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Pseudonocardiales
Family: Pseudonocardiaceae
Genus: Amycolatopsis
Species:
A. orientalis
Binomial name
Amycolatopsis orientalis
(Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Lechevalier et al. 1986 [1]
Type strain
ATCC 19795
CIP 107113
DSM 40040
IFO 12806
ISP 5040
JCM 4235
JCM 4600
NBRC 12806
NRRL 2450
UNIQEM 181
VKM Ac-866
Synonyms
  • Nocardia orientalis(Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Pridham and Lyons 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Streptomyces orientalis" Pittenger and Brigham 1956

Amycolatopsis orientalis (previously known as Streptomyces orientalis) [2] is a Gram-positive bacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota. [1] [3] It produces several substances with antimicrobial properties, including the antibiotic drug vancomycin. [4] [5]

History

A. orientalis was originally discovered by Edmund Kornfeld, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly and Company, in a soil sample gathered by a missionary from forests on the island of Borneo. The antibiotic vancomycin was first isolated from the bacteria in 1953. [5] [6]

References

  1. 1 2 Lechevalier MP, Prauser H, Labeda DP, Ruan JS. (1986). "Two new genera of nocardioform actinomycetes: Amycolata gen. nov. and Amycolatopsis gen. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36: 29–37. doi: 10.1099/00207713-36-1-29 .
  2. Kisil, Olga V.; Efimenko, Tatiana A.; Efremenkova, Olga V. (2021-10-15). "Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects". Antibiotics. 10 (10): 1254. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10101254 . ISSN   2079-6382. PMC   8532670 . PMID   34680834.
  3. Grayson, M. Lindsay (2012). Kucers' the use of antibiotics a clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs (6th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 569. ISBN   9781444147520.
  4. Kisil OV, Efimenko TA, Efremenkova OV (October 2021). "Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects". Antibiotics. 10 (10): 1254. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10101254 . PMC   8532670 . PMID   34680834. There are more than 100 compounds of Amycolatopsis origin with described antibacterial activity and/or proven antibiotic biosynthesis gene presence. The most productive species are A. orientalis (12 antibiotics), A. mediterranei (5 antibiotics), and A. sulphurea (3 antibiotics).
  5. 1 2 Samanta, Indranil; Bandyopadhyay, Samiran (2019). Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture: Perspective, Policy and Mitigation. Elsevier Science. p. 205. ISBN   978-0-12-816523-2 . Retrieved October 9, 2022. Kornfield, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly, first isolated a bacterium namely Amycolatopsis orientalis (Streptomyces orientalis or Nocardia orientalis) from mud collected by a missionary from forests of Borneo island. A compound ('Mississippi mud' or compound 05,865) was extracted from the isolated bacteria and it was approved by FDA as vancomycin drug after clinical trials.
  6. Wang, J.; Sintim, H.O. (2014). "Antibiotics That Disrupt Cell Wall and Bacterial Membrane Formation and Integrity". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. p. 7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00016-7. ISBN   9780128012383. Vancomycin ... was first isolated in 1953 from a soil sample containing a bacterial species named Amycolatopsis orientalis.