Amycolatopsis

Amycolatopsis
Amycolatopsis jejuensis on agar plate
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Bacillati
Phylum:	Actinomycetota
Class:	Actinomycetia
Order:	Pseudonocardiales
Family:	Pseudonocardiaceae
Genus:	Amycolatopsis Lechevalier et al. 1986 [1]
Species
See text.
Synonyms
YuhushiellaMao et al. 2011

Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. ^[1] The genus is known for producing many types of antibiotics, including

• Epoxyquinomicin, related to Amycolatopsis sulphurea, are a class of weak antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent. ^[2]
• Vancomycin, obtained from Amycolatopsis orientalis , is being used for infections resistant to other antibiotics.
• Ristocetin, made by Amycolatopsis lurida, was an antibiotic but ceased to apply due to adverse effects of platelet agglutination. Now it is used to assay von Willebrand disease.

Degradation of bio-polymers

Several bacteria from the genus Amycolatopsis are able to enzymatically hydrolyze the ester bonds of poly-lactic acid (PLA) films in aquatic medium. So far, it is one of the few known bacteria able to biodegrade the bioplastic outside compost facilities in a relatively short period of time. ^{[3] [4]}

Species

Amycolatopsis bartoniae

Amycolatopsis comprises the following species: ^[5]

• A. acidicola Teo et al. 2020
• A. acididurans Teo et al. 2021
• A. acidiphila Oyuntsetseg et al. 2017
• " A. aidingensis " Li et al. 2021
• A. alba Mertz and Yao 1993
• A. albidoflava corrig. Lee and Hah 2001
• A. albispora Zhang et al. 2016
• A. alkalitolerans Narsing Rao et al. 2020
• A. anabasis Wang et al. 2020
• A. antarctica Wang et al. 2018
• A. arida Nouioui et al. 2018
• A. australiensis Tan et al. 2006
• A. azurea (Ōmura et al. 1983) Henssen et al. 1987
• A. balhimycina Wink et al. 2003
• A. bartoniae Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. benzoatilytica Majumdar et al. 2006
• A. bullii Zucchi et al. 2012
• " A. camponoti " Zakalyukina et al. 2022
• A. cappadoca Işık et al. 2019
• A. cihanbeyliensis Tatar et al. 2013
• A. circi Everest and Meyers 2012
• A. coloradensis Labeda 1995
• A. decaplanina Wink et al. 2004
• A. dendrobii Tedsree et al. 2021
• A. deserti Busarakam et al. 2017
• A. dongchuanensis Nie et al. 2012
• A. eburnea Chaiya et al. 2019
• A. echigonensis Ding et al. 2007
• A. endophytica Miao et al. 2012
• A. equina Everest and Meyers 2012
• " A. flava " Wei et al. 2015
• A. granulosa Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. halotolerans Lee 2006
• A. helveola Tamura et al. 2010
• A. hippodromi Everest and Meyers 2012
• A. japonica corrig. Goodfellow et al. 1997
• A. jejuensis Lee 2006
• A. jiangsuensis Xing et al. 2014
• A. jiguanensis Huang et al. 2021 ^[6]
• A. kentuckyensis Labeda et al. 2003
• A. keratiniphila Al-Musallam et al. 2003
• " A. lactamdurans " Barreiro et al. 2000
• A. lexingtonensis Labeda et al. 2003
• A. lurida (Lechevalier et al. 1986) Stackebrandt et al. 2004
• A. magusensis Camas et al. 2013
• A. marina Bian et al. 2009
• A. mediterranei (Margalith and Beretta 1960) Lechevalier et al. 1986
• A. methanolica De Boer et al. 1990
• A. minnesotensis Lee et al. 2006
• A. nigrescens Groth et al. 2007
• A. niigatensis Ding et al. 2007
• A. nivea Niu et al. 2020
• A. oliviviridis Penkhrue et al. 2018
• A. orientalis (Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Lechevalier et al. 1986
• A. palatopharyngis Huang et al. 2004
• A. panacis Peng et al. 2019
• A. pigmentata Tamura et al. 2010
• A. pithecellobii corrig. Mingma et al. 2020
• " A. pittospori " Kaewkla and Franco 2021
• A. plumensis Saintpierre-Bonaccio et al. 2005
• A. pretoriensis Labeda et al. 2003
• A. regifaucium Tan et al. 2007
• A. rhabdoformis Souza et al. 2015
• A. rhizosphaerae Thawai 2018
• A. rifamycinica Bala et al. 2004
• A. roodepoortensis Everest et al. 2015
• A. ruanii Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. rubida Huang et al. 2001
• A. saalfeldensis Carlsohn et al. 2007
• A. sacchari Goodfellow et al. 2001
• A. samaneae Duangmal et al. 2011
• A. silviterrae Jamjan et al. 2018
• A. speibonae Everest et al. 2015
• A. stemonae Klykleung et al. 2015
• A. suaedae Chantavorakit et al. 2019
• A. sulphurea Lechevalier et al. 1986
• A. taiwanensis Tseng et al. 2006
• A. thailandensis Chomchoei et al. 2011
• A. thermalba Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. thermoflava Chun et al. 1999
• A. thermophila Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. tolypomycina Wink et al. 2003
• A. tucumanensis Albarracín et al. 2010
• A. ultiminotia Lee 2009
• A. umgeniensis Everest et al. 2013 ^[7]
• A. vancoresmycina Wink et al. 2003
• A. vastitatis Idris et al. 2019
• A. viridis Zucchi et al. 2012
• A. xuchangensis Huang et al. 2021
• A. xylanica Chen et al. 2010

References

1. Lechevalier MP, Prauser H, Labeda DP, Ruan JS. (1986). "Two new genera of nocardioform actinomycetes: Amycolata gen. nov. and Amycolatopsis gen. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36: 29–37. doi: 10.1099/00207713-36-1-29 .
2. NAOKI, MATSUMOTO (November 1997). "Epoxyquinomicins A, B, C and D, new antibiotics from Amycolatopsis. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and antimicrobial activities". J Antibiot (Tokyo). 50 (11): 900–905. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.50.900 . PMID   9592560.
3. Poly(lactic acid) : synthesis, structures, properties, processing, and applications. Auras, Rafael. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 2010. ISBN   978-0-470-64983-1. OCLC   709664760.
4. Y. Ikura, T. Kudo (1999). "Isolation of a microorganism capable of degrading poly-(L-lactide)". J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 45 (5): 247–251. doi: 10.2323/jgam.45.247 . PMID   12501367.
5. Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Amycolatopsis". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved August 29, 2022.
6. Xing, Ke; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Yue-Ji; Bian, Guang-Kai; Zhang, Wen-Di; Tamura, Tomohiko; Lee, Jung-Sook; Qin, Sheng; Jiang, Ji-Hong (2013). "Amycolatopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal plant in Jiangsu, China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (2): 433–439. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9823-y. PMID   23053697. S2CID   254226376.
7. Everest, Gareth J.; Roes-Hill, Marilize le; Omorogie, Clifford; Cheung, Shuk-Kwan; Cook, Andrew E.; Goodwin, Candice M.; Meyers, Paul R. (2013). "Amycolatopsis umgeniensis sp. nov., isolated from soil from the banks of the Umgeni River in South Africa". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (3): 673–681. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9851-7. PMID   23180373. S2CID   254237727.