Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico,and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities,it is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau,at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales,which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean,to the east by the Atlantic Ocean,to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea,and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes Canada,the Caribbean,Central America,Greenland,Mexico,and the United States.
New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains,sharing the Four Corners region of the western U.S. with Utah,Colorado,and Arizona,and bordering Texas to the east and southeast,Oklahoma to the northeast,and the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora to the south. New Mexico's largest city is Albuquerque,and its state capital is Santa Fe,the oldest state capital in the U.S.,founded in 1610 as the government seat of Nuevo México in New Spain.
The Rio Grande in the United States or the Río Bravo del Norte in Mexico is one of the principal rivers in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. The length of the Rio Grande is 1,896 miles (3,051 km),making it the 4th longest river in North America by main stem. It originates in south-central Colorado,in the United States,and flows to the Gulf of Mexico. The Rio Grande drainage basin (watershed) has an area of 182,200 square miles (472,000 km2);however,the endorheic basins that are adjacent to and within the greater drainage basin of the Rio Grande increase the total drainage-basin area to 336,000 square miles (870,000 km2).
Albuquerque,abbreviated ABQ,is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Its nicknames,The Duke City and Burque,both reference its founding in 1706 as La Villa de Alburquerque by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés. Named in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain,the 10th Duke of Alburquerque,the city was an outpost on El Camino Real linking Mexico City to the northernmost territories of New Spain. In 2006 the city celebrated its 300th anniversary.
Guadalajara is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census,the city has a population of 1,385,629 people,making it the 7th most populous city in Mexico,while the Guadalajara metropolitan area has a population of 5,268,642 people,making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the country and the twentieth largest metropolitan area in the Americas Guadalajara has the second-highest population density in Mexico,with over 10,361 people per square kilometer. Within Mexico,Guadalajara is a center of business,arts and culture,technology and tourism;as well as the economic center of the Bajío region. It usually ranks among the 100 most productive and globally competitive cities in the world. It is home to numerous landmarks,including Guadalajara Cathedral,the Teatro Degollado,the Templo Expiatorio,the UNESCO World Heritage site Hospicio Cabañas,and the San Juan de Dios Market—the largest indoor market in Latin America.
The Mexican Revolution was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction of the Federal Army and its replacement by a revolutionary army,and the transformation of Mexican culture and government. The northern Constitutionalist faction prevailed on the battlefield and drafted the present-day Constitution of Mexico,which aimed to create a strong central government. Revolutionary generals held power from 1920 to 1940. The revolutionary conflict was primarily a civil war,but foreign powers,having important economic and strategic interests in Mexico,figured in the outcome of Mexico's power struggles;the United States involvement was particularly high. The conflict led to the deaths of around two million people,mostly combatants.
Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits,self-portraits,and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture,she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity,postcolonialism,gender,class,and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement,which sought to define a Mexican identity,Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist. She is also known for painting about her experience of chronic pain.
The North American Central Time Zone is a time zone in parts of Canada,the United States,Mexico,Central America,some Caribbean islands,and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege,Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar,killing most of the occupants. Santa Anna's refusal to take prisoners during the battle inspired many Texians and Tejanos to join the Texian Army. Motivated by a desire for revenge,as well as their written desire to preserve a border open to immigration and the importation and practice of slavery,the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto,on April 21,1836,ending the conquering of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas by the newly formed Republic of Texas.
Mexicans are the citizens and nationals of the United Mexican States.
The Mexico national football team represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation. It competes as a member of CONCACAF.
Mexico,officially the United Mexican States,is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States;to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean;to the southeast by Guatemala,Belize,and the Caribbean Sea;and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2,making it the world's 13th-largest country by area;with a population of over 126 million,it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish speakers. Mexico is organized as a federal republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City,its capital. Other major urban areas include Monterrey,Guadalajara,Puebla,Toluca,Tijuana,Ciudad Juárez,and León.
Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera,commonly known as "El Chapo",is a Mexican former drug lord and a former leader within the Sinaloa Cartel,an international crime syndicate. He is considered to have been one of the most powerful drug traffickers in the world.
The Mexican drug war is an ongoing asymmetric low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military began to intervene in 2006,the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence. The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is dismantling the cartels,and preventing drug trafficking demand along with American functionaries. Therefore,the conflict has been described as a Mexican theater of the global war on drugs,as led by the United States federal government.
The Sinaloa Cartel,also known as the CDS,the Guzmán-Zambada Organization,the Pacific Cartel,the Federation and the Blood Alliance,is a large,international organized crime syndicate that specializes in illegal drug trafficking and money laundering. It was established in Mexico during the late 1980s as one of a various number of subordinate "plazas" operating under a predecessor organization known as the Guadalajara Cartel. It is currently headed by Ismael Zambada García and is based in the city of Culiacán,Sinaloa,with operations in many world regions but primarily in the Mexican states of Sinaloa,Baja California,Durango,Sonora,and Chihuahua. and presence in a number of other regions in Latin America as well as in cities across the U.S. The United States Intelligence Community generally considers the Sinaloa Cartel to be the largest and most powerful drug trafficking organization in the world,making it perhaps even more influential and capable than Pablo Escobar's infamous Medellín Cartel of Colombia was during its prime. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center and other sources within the U.S. the Sinaloa Cartel is primarily involved in the distribution of cocaine,heroin,methamphetamine,fentanyl,cannabis and MDMA.
The Liga MX,officially known as the Liga BBVA MX for sponsorship reasons,is the top professional football division in Mexico. Formerly known as the Primera División de México,it is contested by 18 clubs and is divided into two tournaments –"Apertura" and "Clausura"–which typically run from July to December and January to May. The champion of each tournament is decided via a playoff ("Liguilla") system. Since 2020,promotion and relegation has been suspended,which is to last until 2026.
The Mexican–American War,also known in the United States as the Mexican War,was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas,which Mexico still considered its territory. Mexico refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco,because they were signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna while he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country,but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States.
The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean,mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast,north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States;on the southwest and south by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas,Veracruz,Tabasco,Campeche,Yucatán,and Quintana Roo;and on the southeast by Cuba. The Southern U.S. states of Texas,Louisiana,Mississippi,Alabama,and Florida,which border the Gulf on the north,are often referred to as the "Third Coast" of the United States.
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