The politics of Mexico function within a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
The Congress of the Union, formally known as the General Congress of the United Mexican States, is the legislature of the federal government of Mexico. It consists of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. Its 628 members meet in Mexico City.
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral parliament of Mexico. The other chamber is the Senate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the constitution.
The governmental structures of Nuevo León, a Mexican state, are organized according to article 30 of the state constitution, which provides for a republican, representative and popular government, divided into three independent branches that cannot be joined together in a single person or institution. Nuevo León's relation with the federal government of Mexico places it in a similar relation to that federal government as any other Mexican state, but it retains certain aspects of sovereignty with respect to other Mexican states and even toward foreign countries, especially with reference to its own internal affairs.
The New Alliance Party is a state-level political party in Mexico founded in 2005.
The Federal Government of Mexico is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the United Nations. The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the Constitution of the United Mexican States, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The executive power is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and her Cabinet, which, together, are independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature comprising the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, the Council of the Federal Judiciary, and the collegiate, unitary, and district courts.
General elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 2018. Voters elected a new President of Mexico to serve a six-year term, 128 members of the Senate for a period of six years and 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies for a period of three years. It was one of the largest election days in Mexican history, with most of the nation's states holding state and local elections on the same day, including nine governorships, with over 3,400 positions subject to elections at all levels of government. It was the most violent campaign Mexico has experienced in recent history, with 130 political figures killed since September 2017.
Lorena Cuéllar Cisneros is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) who serves as the Governor of Tlaxcala. Formerly she served as a member of the Labor Party (PT) as a federal deputy in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Tlaxcala; she had previously been a senator and mayor of the state capital of Tlaxcala.
María de los Dolores Padierna Luna is a Mexican politician. A founding member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), she left the party in September 2017. She later joined the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Rocío Adriana Abreu Artiñano is a Mexican politician. She serves as a senator in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress from the state of Campeche, currently caucusing with MORENA.
Martha Lucía Mícher Camarena, also known as Malú Mícher, is a Mexican politician affiliated with National Regeneration Movement (Morena). She is currently a senator representing the state of Guanajuato in the 64th and 65th Congresses.
Ángel Juan Alonso Díaz Caneja is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Senator of the LX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla and as Deputy during the LIX Legislature.
María Eugenia Campos Galván, commonly known as Maru Campos, is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party (PAN) who serves as the current Governor of Chihuahua. From 2006 to 2009, she served as a deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Chihuahua.
Lucía Virginia Meza Guzmán is a Mexican politician and senator to the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress from the state of Morelos. She had previously served as a federal deputy in the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress. Meza Guzmán is affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
The Constituent Assembly of Mexico City is a body formed to create a new constitution for Mexico City in the wake of the 2016 political reforms that convert Mexico City into a federative entity comparable to the 31 states; with "autonomy in all matters concerning its internal regime and its political and administrative organization." It will be installed on September 15, 2016, and must create the new constitution by January 31, 2017.
Delfina Gómez Álvarez is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) who has served as the Governor of the State of Mexico since 2023. She previously served as the head of the Secretariat of Public Education appointed by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. She served as a senator from the State of Mexico in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress. She also has served as a federal deputy and mayor.
Angélica García Arrieta was a Mexican public accountant and politician, Senator in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress, and founder of the National Regeneration Movement political party.
Bertha Xóchitl Gálvez Ruiz is a Mexican politician and businesswoman. From 2015 until 2018, she was mayor of Mexico City's Miguel Hidalgo borough. From 2018 to 2023, she was a plurinominal senator in the Mexican Congress's LXIV and LXV Legislatures. As a senator, she caucused with the center-right National Action Party, but she frequently supported progressive politics on social issues such as abortion, drug policy, and social spending. She graduated from the UNAM School of Engineering with a degree in computer engineering. She received the nomination as the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition's nominee for the 2024 Mexican presidential election.
María Clemente García Moreno is a Mexican politician, sex worker and activist for the rights of sexual diversity. Since 2021, she served as Deputy of the LXV Legislature of the Mexican Congress. Previously a member of Morena, she resigned from the party on 31 March 2022.
María Merced González González is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) party. She is a senator of the Congress of the Union in the LXIV and LXV legislature since January 2, 2019.
