The LXI Legislature of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2009, to August 31, 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Out of 128 Senate seats, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (known as the PRI) controlled 50; the conservative National Action Party (PAN) controlled 33; while the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) controlled 23. Additionally, the Green Party of Mexico controlled eight seats, the Labor Party and the New Alliance Party each controlled five, and the Citizens' Movement four. [1]
Out of 500 seats of the Chamber of Deputies, the PRI had 239; the PAN had 142; and the PRD controlled 69. Among smaller parties, the Green Party controlled 23, the Labor Party controlled 13, the New Alliance controlled seven, and the Citizens' Movement controlled 6. Additionally there was one independent. [1]
Name | Replacing: | Took office | Name | Replacing: | Took office |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
María Teresa Álvarez Vázquez | Martha Bernardino | 30 April 2012 | Jorge Luis Lara Aguilar | Juan Carlos López Fernández | 8 March 2012 |
Luz Margarita Alba Contreras | José Guadalupe Vera | 25 April 1012 | Humberto Macías Romero | Oralia López Hernández | 2 February 2010 |
Violeta Avilés Álvarez | Eviel Pérez Magaña | 2 March 2010 | Aarón Mastache | Alejandro Encinas | 29 March 2012 |
María Báez Padilla | Omar Rodríguez Cisneros | 30 April 2012 | Salma Meza Manjarrez | Salvador Caro Cabrera | 1 February 2012 |
María Gabriela Banda | Justino Arriaga Rojas | 19 April 2012 | Guadalupe Mondragón Cobos | Francisco Javier Landero | 30 April 2012 |
Martha Patricia Bernal | Jesús Ricardo Enríquez Fuentes | 30 April 2012 | Xóchitl Montes de Oca | Carlos Bello Otero | 26 April 2012 |
María Cabrera Muñoz | Tereso Medina | 10 April 2012 | Christian Nava Sánchez | Luis Félix Rodríguez Sosa | 17 April 2012 |
Morelos Jaime Canseco Gómez | Rodolfo Torre Cantú | 23 February 2010 | Julián Nazar Morales | Ana María Rojas | 16 February 2012 |
Adriana Castelán Macías | Fidel Kuri Grajales | 25 March 2010 | Florentina Ocegueda | Martha Elena García | 17 April 2012 |
Maribel Chollet | Miguel Ángel García Granados | 29 April 2010 | Martín Palacios Calderón | Óscar González Yáñez | 30 April 2012 |
Luciano Cornejo Barrera | Guadalupe Acosta Naranjo | 1 February 2011 | Fany Pérez Gutiérrez | Sergio González Hernández | 2 February 2010 |
Alfredo Cuadra Tinajero | Camilo Ramírez Puente | 26 April 2012 | Elvira Pola Figueroa | Obdulia Torres Abarca | 10 April 2012 |
Alín Nayely de Jesús Sánchez | Ezequiel Rétiz | 13 March 2012 | Malco Ramírez Martínez | Juan Carlos Lastiri | 2 February 2010 |
Adolfo de la Garza Malacara | Felipe Enríquez Hernández | 23 February 2012 | Horacio Ramírez Reyes | Gloria Romero León | 26 April 2011 |
Gerardo del Mazo Morales | Karla Villarreal Benassini | 29 October 2009 | Óscar Rangel Miravete | Fermín Alvarado Arroyo | 30 April 2012 |
María Díaz de León | Raúl Cuadra García | 4 February 2012 | César Rodríguez Cal y Mayor | Gloria Luna Ruiz | 30 April 2012 |
José Enríquez Rosado | Feliciano Marín Díaz | 25 July 2012 | Juanita Santillán | Raúl Domínguez Rex | 6 October 2011 |
Omar Flores Majul | Esteban Albarrán Mendoza | 17 April 2012 | Víctor Silva Chacón | Graciela Ortiz González | 12 October 2010 |
María Patricia Franco Cruz | Héctor Pedroza Jiménez | 23 April 2012 | Hazel Suárez Bastida | José Luis Velasco | 30 April 2012 |
Noé Fernando Garza Flores | Hilda Esthela Flores | 2 February 2012 | Mayra Valdés González | Jesús Ramírez Rangel | 2 February 2010 |
Fátima Gómez Montero | Humberto Cota Jiménez | 14 February 2012 | Carmen Valle Vea | Leonardo Guillén Medina | 10 April 2012 |
María González Alvarado | Alfredo Lugo Oñate | 26 April 2012 | Marcela Vieyra Alamilla | Ramón Ramírez Valtierra | 7 April 2011 |
Karla González Cruz | Julio Saldaña Morán | 20 April 2010 | Moisés Villanueva de la Luz | Socorro Sofío Ramírez | 31 March 2011 |
Cuauhtémoc Gutiérrez de la Torre | Patricia Jiménez Case | 2 February 2010 | José Luis Villegas Méndez | Sixto Zetina | 25 April 2012 |
Nazario Herrera Ortega | María Elena López Loyo | 2 February 2010 | María Elena Zamora | Erandi Bermúdez | 25 April 2012 |
Prudencia Juárez Capilla | Julián Velázquez y Llorente | 2 February 2010 | María Zamudio Guzmán | Adolfo Rojo Montoya | 30 April 2012 |
The politics of Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 and held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution and finally as the PRI beginning in 1946.
The National Action Party is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. The party is one of the four main political parties in Mexico, and, since the 1980s, has had success winning local, state, and national elections.
The Party of the Democratic Revolution is a social democratic political party in Mexico. The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.
The Congress of the Union, formally known as the General Congress of the United Mexican States, is the legislature of the federal government of Mexico consisting of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. Its 628 members meet in Mexico City.
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral parliament of Mexico. The other chamber is the Senate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the constitution.
The Labor Party is a political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.
The Mexican state of Nuevo León held an election on Sunday, 6 July 2003. At stake was the office of the Nuevo León State Governor, and all 42 members of the unicameral Nuevo León State Congress, and 51 mayors and municipal councils.
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.
The Coalition for the Good of All was a left-wing coalition created by the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), Convergence and the Labor Party (PT) to support Andrés Manuel López Obrador as a candidate for the presidency of Mexico in the general election of 2006. The coalition also presented joint candidates for Congressional and local elections.
Manuel Andrade Díaz is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI and former Governor of Tabasco. He holds a law degree from the University Juárez Autónoma of Tabasco and qualified in Electoral Law and Parliamentary Law.
The president of Mexico, officially the president of the United Mexican States, is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Mexican Armed Forces. The current president is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on 1 December 2018.
Emilio Álvarez Icaza Longoria is a Mexican human rights ombudsman and activist serving as a senator in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress from Mexico City. He previously served as the president of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
General elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 2018. Voters elected a new President of Mexico to serve a six-year term, 128 members of the Senate for a period of six years and 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies for a period of three years. It was one of the largest election days in Mexican history, with most of the nation's states holding state and local elections on the same day, including nine governorships, with over 3,400 positions subject to elections at all levels of government. It was the most violent campaign Mexico has experienced in recent history, with 130 political figures killed since September 2017.
Lorena Cuéllar Cisneros is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) who serves as the Governor of Tlaxcala. Formerly she served as a member of the Labor Party (PT) as a federal deputy in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Tlaxcala; she had previously been a senator and mayor of the state capital of Tlaxcala.
Guadalupe Acosta Naranjo is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. He represents Nayarit and the first electoral region as a deputy to the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.
Por México al Frente, also known as Frente Ciudadano por México, Frente Amplio Democrático, or Frente Amplio Opositor ), was a big tent electoral alliance consisting of the centre-right National Action Party (PAN), as well as the centre-left Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and Citizens' Movement (MC) to compete in the 2018 Mexican Federal Election.
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 6 June 2021. Voters elected 500 deputies to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 65th Congress.
The history of democracy in Mexico dates to the establishment of the federal republic of Mexico in 1824. After a long history under the Spanish Empire (1521–1821), Mexico gained its independence in 1821 and became the First Mexican Empire led by royalist military officer Agustín de Iturbide. Three years later, a federal republic was created under the Constitution of 1824. However, the republic was truncated by a series of military coups, most notably that of politician-general Antonio López de Santa Anna. Santa Anna held immense sway over the fledgling Mexican democracy until 1855, when he was ousted by liberal politicians.
Local elections are scheduled to be held in Mexico on June 6, 2021. Local elections will be held for thirty state congresses, 1,900 town halls, Mexico City borough mayors, municipal boards and municipal presidents. Fifteen gubernatorial elections and federal legislative elections will be held the same day.