The Earl of Teviot | |
---|---|
Governor of Tangier | |
In office 1663–1664 | |
Preceded by | Henry Mordaunt |
Succeeded by | Sir Tobias Bridges |
Personal details | |
Born | Andrew Rutherfurd Restalrig,Edinburgh,Scotland |
Died | Jews' Mount,Tangier,Morocco | 4 May 1664
Spouse | Susanna de Melville |
Alma mater | Edinburgh University |
Military service | |
Allegiance | France,England |
Rank | Colonel général des Ecossais |
Unit | Garde Écossaise,Tangier Regiment |
Battles/wars | Siege of Thionville (1643) Battle of Lens (1648) Civil wars of the Fronde |
Andrew Rutherford,1st Earl of Teviot (died 4 May 1664;sometimes spelt "Rutherfurd") was a Scottish soldier.
Andrew was the fifth and youngest son of a merchant burgess of Edinburgh—William Rutherfurd (died 1624) of Wrightslands and of Easter and Wester Quarrelholes in Restalrig —and his wife Isobel (married 1608),daughter of James Stewart of Traquair. He received his education at Edinburgh University,and later took up a career in the military in France.
During the Commonwealth (or,to monarchists,the Interregnum),Rutherford served the French government,which maintained regiments of Scottish soldiers throughout the Thirty Years's War. On the restoration of Charles II,Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV of France. [1] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition,he became a lieutenant general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage;however,the Dictionary of National Biography states that he "never rose beyond the rank of colonel in French service,and was certainly not promoted to the prestigious rank of lieutenant général." [2] [3]
Rutherford returned to Scotland in 1660. In 1661 Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherfurd and the governorship of Dunkirk,which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment,and was made Earl of Teviot. [1]
He was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier. His tenure of office was very short,for on 4 May 1664 he was trapped at the Battle of Tangier in an ambush by the Moors,who had been carrying out incessant irregular warfare against the English garrison,and was killed,together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of the garrison. [1]
On 18 April 1651,Rutherfurd was married to Susanna de Melville at Migueri in the Châtelain of Bois Commune in France. [4]
By his death without lawful male issue the earldom of Teviot became extinct;but on 23 December 1663 he had executed at Portsmouth a general settlement of his estates and dignities to his cousin Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill,who on 16 December 1665 was served heir in his title of Lord Rutherford and also in his lands. [5]
In his will he donated funds to his former university in Edinburgh,for the construction of eight chambers,and gave directions that a Latin inscription which he had composed should be placed upon the building.
William Douglas-Hamilton,Duke of Hamilton,KG,PC,also known as Lord William Douglas and the Earl of Selkirk,was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess of Douglas by his second wife,Lady Mary Gordon,a daughter of the 1st Marquess of Huntly.
Duke of Buccleuch,formerly also spelt Duke of Buccleugh,is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created twice on 20 April 1663,first for James Scott,1st Duke of Monmouth,and second suo jure for his wife Anne Scott,4th Countess of Buccleuch. Monmouth,the eldest illegitimate son of King Charles II,was attainted after rebelling against his uncle King James II and VII,but his wife's title was unaffected and passed on to their descendants,who have successively borne the surnames Scott,Montagu-Scott,Montagu Douglas Scott and Scott again. In 1810,the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch inherited the Dukedom of Queensberry,also in the Peerage of Scotland,thus separating that title from the Marquessate of Queensberry.
John Campbell,1st Earl of Loudoun was a Scottish politician and Covenanter.
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George Elliott was the English surgeon to the Earl of Teviot's Regiment.
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The title of Lord Rutherfurd was a Lordship of Parliament in the Peerage of Scotland.
The Tangier Garrison was the land force which oversaw the defence of English Tangier between 1661 and 1684 when it was evacuated. It was part of the English Army,the de facto standing army that Charles II established following the Restoration. Charles II received Tangier as part of the Marriage Treaty with Portugal in 1661. He appointed Henry Mordaunt,2nd Earl of Peterborough as governor and,on 30 January 1662,the new garrison took up its duties. Peterborough was not a successful appointment as governor,and Andrew,Lord Rutherford,was appointed in 1662/1663 to replace him.
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The Battle of Tangier,also known as the Battle of Jew's Hill,was a battle between a detachment of the English Tangier Garrison under the command of governor of Tangier Lord Teviot by a Moroccan force commanded by Khadir Ghaïlan on 4 May 1664. Successfully ambushing the 500-strong English force,Ghaïlan's men killed all but thirty of them,including Teviot. The battle was the bloodiest defeat suffered by the Tangier Garrison during the English occupation of Tangier.
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