Anopheles sundaicus

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Anopheles sundaicus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae
Genus: Anopheles
Subgenus: Cellia
Species:
A. sundaicus
Binomial name
Anopheles sundaicus
(Rodenwaldt, 1948)

Anopheles sundaicus is a zoophilic mosquito of southeast Asia.

Contents

Species complex

Sukowati et al. 1999 finds there to be several cryptic species in an An. sundaicus complex. They use protein electrophoresis to reveal populations defined by their characteristic allozymes. [1] [2]

Hosts

Hosts include Bubalus bubalis . [3] Kumari et al. 1993 finds An. sundaicus exclusively feeding on B. bubalis on Car Nicobar Island, Moorhouse and Wharton 1965 finds the same in Malaysia and Gould et al. 1966 in Thailand. [3] [4]

Control

Insecticide

Sargassum wightii and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis can be combined to produce antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibitor effects. [5]

Insecticide resistance

Early studies of the inheritance of insecticide resistance were performed by Davidson 1957 [6] [7] :97 [8] and Soerono et al. 1965. [7] :97 Davidson 1957 found An. sundaicus DDT resistance was provided by only a single allele. [8]

Related Research Articles

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Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. The major use of Insecticides is agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden, industrial buildings, vector control and control of insect parasites of animals and humans. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in the 20th-century's agricultural productivity. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become concentrated as they spread along the food chain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pesticide resistance</span> Decreased effectiveness of a pesticide on a pest

Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest. Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection: the most resistant specimens survive and pass on their acquired heritable changes traits to their offspring. If a pest has resistance then that will reduce the pesticide's efficacy – efficacy and resistance are inversely related.

<i>Anopheles</i> Genus of mosquito

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<i>Aedes aegypti</i> Species of mosquito

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<i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Species of mosquito

The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. The complex was recognised in the 1960s and includes the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. It is one of the most efficient malaria vectors known. The An. gambiae mosquito additionally transmits Wuchereria bancrofti which causes lymphatic filariasis, a symptom of which is elephantiasis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fenoxycarb</span> Chemical compound

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Vinckeia is a subgenus of the genus Plasmodium — all of which are parasitic alveolates. The subgenus Vinckeia was created by Cyril Garnham in 1964 to accommodate the mammalian parasites other than those infecting the primates.

<i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> Species of mosquito

Anopheles culicifacies is a mosquito species complex and one of the primary vectors of malaria on the Indian subcontinent. It consists of five sibling species, provisionally designated as species A, B, C, D, and E. It prefers to rest indoors in cattle sheds, where it feeds on cattle. The control of A. culicifacies has become difficult due to the development of insecticide resistance against all commonly used insecticides, including new-generation insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids.

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Edward Shearman Ross was an American entomologist. He majored in entomology at the University of California, Berkeley. Before his PhD was conferred, he worked as curator of insects at the California Academy of Sciences. He wrote many scientific and popular articles about the biology of the insects.

<i>Anopheles albimanus</i> Species of mosquito

Anopheles albimanus is a species of mosquito in the order Diptera. It is found in coastal Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Mexico. It is a generalist species and capable of wide dispersion. A. albimanus is a common malaria vector.

<i>Anopheles stephensi</i> Species of fly

Anopheles stephensi is a primary mosquito vector of malaria in urban India and is included in the same subgenus as Anopheles gambiae, the primary malaria vector in Africa. A. gambiae consists of a complex of morphologically identical species of mosquitoes, along with all other major malaria vectors; however, A. stephensi has not yet been included in any of these complexes. Nevertheless, two races of A. stephensi exist based on differences in egg dimensions and the number of ridges on the eggs; A. s. stephensisensu stricto, the type form, is a competent malaria vector that takes place in urban areas, and A. s. mysorensis, the variety form, exists in rural areas and exhibits considerable zoophilic behaviour, making it a poor malaria vector. However, A. s. mysorensis is a detrimental vector in Iran. An intermediate form also exists in rural communities and peri-urban areas, though its vector status is unknown. About 12% of malaria cases in India are due to A. stephensi.

<i>Anopheles darlingi</i> Species of fly

Anopheles darlingi, the American malaria mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. A. darlingi is one of the major species of mosquito known to be responsible for malaria in the Amazonian regions. It has a wide range of geographic distribution that stretches from Mexico and Argentina but it has also been found to populate in areas affected by deforestation and environment changes due to humans.

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Anopheles nili is a species of mosquito in the Culicidae family. It comprises the following elements: An. carnevalei, An. nili, An. ovengensis and An. somalicus. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1904 by Theobald. It is the main mosquito species found in the south Cameroon forest zone which bites humans. It is known as a problematic carrier of malaria, although newly discovered, closely related species in the same genus have also been found to interact with A. nili as a disease vector. In that, they both have similar feeding habits on local targets in the Cameroon region.

<i>Anopheles freeborni</i> Species of Mosquito

Anopheles freeborni, commonly known as the western malaria mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. It is typically found in the western United States and Canada. Adults are brown to black, with yellow-brown hairs and gray-brown stripes on the thorax. Their scaly wings have four dark spots, which are less distinct in the male.

<i>Anopheles funestus</i> Species of insect

Anopheles funestus is a species of mosquito in the Culicidae family. This species was first described in 1900 by Giles. The female is attracted to houses where it seeks out humans in order to feed on their blood, mostly during the night. This mosquito is a major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.

<i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> African mosquito and disease vector

Anopheles arabiensis is a zoophilic species of mosquito and a vector of disease endemic to Africa.

<i>Anopheles minimus</i> Species of fly

Anopheles minimus is a species of mosquito can be found around Oriental region included: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Southern China comprising Hong Kong, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It was the main vector of malaria.

Abdoulaye Diabaté is an African parasitologist, Professor and Head of the Medical Entomology and Parasitology Department at the Health Sciences Research Institute. His research considers the use of gene drive to eliminate malaria, and he leads Target Malaria Burkina Faso. He delivered the first genetically modified mosquitoes in Africa, marking a historic moment for science. He was awarded the 2023 Falling Walls Science Prize for Science and Innovation Management.

References

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  2. Manguin, Sylvie; Garros, C.; Dusfour, Isabelle; Harbach, Ralph E.; Coosemans, M. (2008). "Bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of the major malaria vector taxa of Anopheles subgenus Cellia in Southeast Asia: An updated review". Infection, Genetics and Evolution . 8 (4). Elsevier: 489–503. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2007.11.004. ISSN   1567-1348. PMID   18178531.
  3. 1 2 Dusfour, Isabelle; Harbach, Ralph E.; Manguin, Sylvie (2004-10-01). "Bionomics and systematics of the oriental Anopheles sundaicus complex in relation to malaria transmission and vector control" (PDF). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 71 (4): 518–524. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.518. ISSN   0002-9637. PMID   15516652. S2CID   37387298.
  4. Tananchai, Chatchai; Manguin, Sylvie; Bangs, Michael J.; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap (2019). "Malaria Vectors and Species Complexes in Thailand: Implications for Vector Control". Trends in Parasitology . 35 (7). Cell Press: 544–558. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.04.013. ISSN   1471-4922. PMID   31182384. S2CID   184485189.
  5. Song, Chenggang; Yang, Jian; Zhang, Mingzhe; Ding, Gang; Jia, Chengguo; Qin, Jianchun; Guo, Lanping (2021-04-14). "Marine Natural Products: The Important Resource of Biological Insecticide". Chemistry & Biodiversity . 18 (5). Wiley: e2001020. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202001020. ISSN   1612-1872. PMID   33855815. S2CID   233243039.
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  7. 1 2 Davidson, G. (1974). Genetic control of insect pests. London New York City: Academic Press. p. +158. ISBN   978-0-323-16080-3. OCLC   761181727.
  8. 1 2 Brown, A. W. A. (1960). "Mechanisms of Resistance Against Insecticides". Annual Review of Entomology . 5 (1). Annual Reviews: 301–326. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.05.010160.001505. ISSN   0066-4170.