Appalachain High Country AVA

Appalachian High Country
Wine region
Type	American Viticultural Area
Year established	2016
Country	United States
Part of	North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
Other regions in North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia	Crest of the Blue Ridge Henderson County AVA, Rocky Knob AVA, Swan Creek AVA, Upper Hiwassee Highlands AVA, Yadkin Valley AVA
Growing season	139.2 days
Climate region	Regions I-V
Heat units	61.3 °F (16.3 °C)
Precipitation (annual average)	48.6 in (1,234.4 mm)
Soil conditions	Tusquitee-Edneyville series; Granite and gneiss with fine loam
Total area	2,400 sq mi (1,536,000 acres)
No. of vineyards	20
Grapes produced	Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Frontenac, Marechal Foch, Marquette, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Vidal Blanc and Viognier
No. of wineries	10

Last updated January 13, 2025

Appalachian High Country is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located mainly in North Carolina with sections in Tennessee and Virginia. The approximately 2,400 square miles (1,536,000 acres) viticultural area encompasses all or portions of the following counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter County and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia.^[1] The appellation was recognized on February 28, 2016 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the country's 239th, North Carolina's 5th, Tennessee's 2nd and Virginia's 8th AVA after reviewing the petition from Johnnie James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on behalf of members of the High Country Wine Growers Association, proposing the establishment of the viticultural area named "Appalachian High Country."^[4]

The establishment of the Appalachian High Country AVA does not affect any existing AVA and will allow vintners to use ‘‘Appalachian High Country’’ as an appellation of origin for wines made primarily from grapes grown within the Appalachian High Country AVA if the wines meet the eligibility TTB requirements for the appellation.^[1]

Name Evidence

The region of the Appalachian High Country AVA is often referred to as the "High Country" because of its high elevations, which, according to the petition, are considered to be the highest average elevations east of the Mississippi River. The High Country Wine Growers Association chose to add "Appalachian" to the proposed AVA name as a reference to its location within the Appalachian Mountains, as well as to distinguish the proposed AVA from other regions across the country that are also referred to as "High Country." The petition included evidence that the phrase "High Country" applies to the region of the proposed AVA. Several tourism Web sites that feature the region of the proposed AVA include the phrase "High Country" in their names, including "High Country Host", "High Country Journey", and "GO NC High Country." The High Country Council of Governments is a planning and development association of county and municipal governments in northwestern North Carolina, including Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell and Watauga Counties. The petition also included a listing of over 100 businesses and organizations within the proposed AVA that use the phrase "High Country" in their names, including High Country Wedding and Event Coordinators in Butler, Tennessee (Johnson County); High Country Horse Camp in Troutdale, Virginia (Grayson County); High Country Bottling Company in [West Jefferson, North Carolina (Ashe County); High Country Hearth and Chimney in Banner Elk, North Carolina (Avery County); High Country Academy Tutoring Service (Watauga County); and High Country Drywall in Laurel Springs, North Carolina (Alleghany County). The petition included a listing of over 40 additional businesses and organizations that routinely use the phrase "High Country" in their printed or radio advertisements. For example, Boone Drug, which has locations in all of the Tennessee and North Carolina counties within the AVA, advertises that the pharmacy chain was established in 1919 and "has proudly been serving the High Country ever since..." Prospect Hill Bed and Breakfast, located in Mountain City, Tennessee and also within the proposed AVA, invites guests to "enjoy the wonders of the Appalachian High Country." Red Tail Mountain Resort and Golf, also located in Mountain City, Tennessee, advertises itself as "the finest mountain golf in the High Country." Finally, Appalachian Blinds and Closet Company, located in Boone, North Carolina, advertises as the "High Country’s one-stop shop" for home decorating needs.

Terroir

The vineyards are found at unusually high altitudes, ranging from 2,290 to 4,630 feet (700–1,410 m) with most above 3,000 feet (910 m). Over half are planted on slopes with angles of 30 degrees or greater. The cool climate means hardy varieties such as Vidal, Marquette, Seyval Blanc and Traminette are popular. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA are its topography, climate, and soils.

Topography

The topography of the Appalachian High Country AVA, is located within the Appalachian Mountains, is characterized by high elevations and steep slopes. Elevations within the AVA range from 1,338 feet (408 m) to over 6,000 feet (1,800 m) with most vineyards planted at elevations between 2,290 and 4,630 feet (700–1,410 m). The high elevations expose vineyards to high amounts of solar irradiance, which promotes grape maturation and compensates for low temperatures and a short growing season. The average slope angle within the AVA is 35.9 degrees, and most vineyards are planted on slopes with angles of 30 degrees or greater. Because of the steep slopes, many of the vineyards within the AVA are terraced to prevent erosion and vineyard work is performed manually rather than with machinery. The regions surrounding the AVA all have lower average elevations as well as smaller average slope angles, except for the region to the southwest, which has a slightly greater average slope angle.^[2]

Climate

Appalachian High Country is characterized by a cool climate and a short growing season. The average annual temperature within the area is 51.5 °F (10.8 °C). The AVA accumulates an average of 2,635 growing degree days (GDD) during the growing season, which is approximately 139.2 days long. Because of the cool climate and short growing season, the region is suitable for growing cold-hardy grape varietals such as Marquette, Vidal Blanc, and Frontenac, which do not have a lengthy maturation time. By contrast, the regions surrounding the AVA have warmer temperatures, longer growing seasons, and higher growing degree accumulations, making these regions more suitable for growing grape varietals that require warmer temperatures and a longer maturation time.^[2]

Soil

The soils of Appalachian High Country are derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss. All of the common soil series within the AVA are described as deep, well-drained soils with a fine, loamy texture. The well-drained soils help reduce the risk of rot and fungus in the grapevines. Organic matter constitutes up to 14 percent of the soils within the AVA, providing an excellent source of nutrients for vineyards. The most prevalent soil series is the Tusquitee-Edneyville, which covers approximately 24 percent of the AVA. By contrast, in the surrounding regions, other soil series are more prominent. To the northeast of the AVA, the Hayesville series is the most common soil series, and the Frederick–Carbo soil series is most commonly found in the region northwest of the AVA. Southeast of the AVA, the dominant soil series is the Hiwassee-Cecil association, and the Chester–Ashe series is the most common soil series to the southwest of the AVA.^[1]

Viticulture

The High Country Wine Trail is the mainstay for enotourism in the Appalachian High Country viticultural area. Beginning at its eastern boundary at Watauga Lake east of Butler, Tennessee, proceeding southeast along U.S. Route 321 into North Carolina and south on NC 194, NC 105 or U.S. Route 221 is a tasting experience at the numerous wineries and vineyards.

Related Research Articles

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White Bluffs is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located about 10 miles (16 km) north of Tri-Cities on the plateaus overlooking the Columbia River. The area lies entirely within the established vast Columbia Valley appellation. White Bluffs AVA was recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury on July 19, 2021, after reviewing the petition submitted by Whitman College professor and geologist, Dr. Kevin Pogue, on behalf of local winemakers and vineyard owners, proposing to establish the viticultural area named "White Bluffs." Within its 93,738 acres (146 sq mi), the area has nine commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 1,127 acres (456 ha) and a single winery. The distinguishing features of White Bluffs are its topography, geology, soils, and climate.

Royal Slope is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Adams and Grant Counties in central Washington state. Royal Slope is the state's 15th appellation recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on October 2, 2020, after reviewing the petition submitted by Alan Busacca, a licensed geologist and founder of Vinitas Vineyard Consultants, LLC, on behalf of the Royal Slope Wine Grower's Association, proposing the viticultural area named “Royal Slope.” The AVA lies between the Quincy Basin and Saddle Mountains surrounding the town of Royal City encompassing 156,389 acres (244 sq mi) entirely within the vast Columbia Valley AVA. There are currently 13 producing commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 14,100 acres (5,706 ha) with only one winery. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of the Royal Slope AVA are its climate, topography, geology, and soils.

Appalachian High Country is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located mainly in North Carolina with sections in Tennessee and Virginia. The approximately 2,400 square miles viticultural area encompasses all or portions of the following counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter County and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. The appellation was recognized on February 28, 2016 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the country's 239th, North Carolina's 5th, Tennessee's 2nd and Virginia's 8th AVA after reviewing the petition from Johnnie James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on behalf of members of the High Country Wine Growers Association, proposing the establishment of the viticultural area named "Appalachian High Country."

Upper Cumberland is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Tennessee and expands all or portions of the following eight counties in Middle Tennessee: Cumberland, Fentress, Macon, Putnam, Overton, Smith, Warren, and White. The viticultural area encircles the cities of Cookeville and McMinnville, lies east of Nashville and Murfreesboro, and encompasses approximately 3,417 square miles with 55 vineyards cultivating over 71 acres (29 ha) and sourcing nine wineries. There is at least one vineyard in each county within the AVA, demonstrating that commercial viticulture and wine-making occurs throughout the entire AVA with additional new vineyard and winery projects in various stages of development. The appellation was recognized on June 14, 2024, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the state's 3rd AVA after reviewing the petition submitted by the Appalachian Region Wine Producers Association, proposing establishment of a viticultural area named "Upper Cumberland." This is a relatively new region for modern viticulture development but grape growing and winemaking have a long substantial history in the area.

Crest of the Blue Ridge Henderson County is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Henderson County, North Carolina encompassing 215 square miles. It was established on August 19, 2019, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Mark Williams, the executive director of Agribusiness Henderson County, and Barbara Walker, the county extension support specialist for North Carolina Cooperative Extension, on behalf of local vineyards and winery operators, proposing the viticultural area named "Crest of the Blue Ridge Henderson County."

Dahlonega Plateau is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in the state of Georgia's northern region across portions of Lumpkin and White Counties. The state's 2nd appellation was recognized on July 30, 2018 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Amy Booker, president of he Dahlonega–Lumpkin Chamber & Visitors Bureau, on behalf of the Vineyard and Winery Operators of the Dahlonega Region of Northern Georgia group, proposing the establishment of the AVA to be designated "Dahlonega Plateau."

MountPisgah, Polk County, Oregon is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in the northern Willamette Valley of Oregon located in Polk County. It was established on June 3, 2022, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the state's 23rd and the 11th appellation in the Willamette Valley viticultural area. It encompasses approximately 5,850 acres (9 sq mi) and contains 10 commercial vineyards cultivating about 648 acres (262 ha) under vine with two wineries. The viticultural area surrounds the 835 ft (255 m) summit of Mount Pisgah among the hills of the Willamette Valley located southwest of Eola Hills, Amity Hills and 15 mi (24 km) from the state capital of Salem. TTB received the petition from the representatives of the local vineyards and wineries proposing a viticultural area named "Mount Pisgah, Polk County, Oregon." It is the southernmost sub-region within the established Willamette Valley viticultural area. The petition notes that vineyard owners plan to expand four of the existing vineyards by a total of 164 acres (66 ha).

San Luis Rey is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in San Diego County, California within the vast 3,251,042 acres (5,080 sq mi) multi-county South Coast AVA. The AVA extends from the coastal town of Oceanside inland to the Merriam Mountains and Moosa Canyon. It was established as California's 153rd appellation on August 30, 2024, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Rebecca Wood, managing member of Premium Vintners, LLC on behalf of Fallbrook Winery and other local vineyard owners and winemakers proposing the viticultural area named "San Luis Rey." There are 44 commercially-producing vineyards cultivating approximately 256 acres (104 ha), along with 29 acres (12 ha) of planned vineyards and 23 wineries within the AVA. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of San Luis Rey AVA are its topography, climate and soils.

References

1 2 3 4 5 "Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB–2016–0003; T.D. TTB–144; Ref: Notice No. 158] RIN 1513–AC25 Final Rule). Federal Register . 81 (208). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury: 74677–74681. October 27, 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Proposed Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB–2016–0003; Notice No. 158] RIN 1513–AC25 Proposed Rules). Federal Register. 81 (85). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury: 26507–26515. May 3, 2016.
1 2 "Appalachian High Country Wine". Wine-Searcher. 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
1 2 "Petition to Establish the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area". TTB.gov. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. October 14, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
↑ "Welcome to the World, Appalachian High Country AVA!". Wine, Wit, and Wisdom. November 5, 2016.

External links

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[Establish-1] 1 2 3 4 5 "Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB–2016–0003; T.D. TTB–144; Ref: Notice No. 158] RIN 1513–AC25 Final Rule). Federal Register . 81 (208). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury: 74677–74681. October 27, 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[Proposal-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Proposed Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB–2016–0003; Notice No. 158] RIN 1513–AC25 Proposed Rules). Federal Register. 81 (85). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury: 26507–26515. May 3, 2016.

[Wine-Searcher-3] 1 2 "Appalachian High Country Wine". Wine-Searcher. 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2024.

[Petition-4] 1 2 "Petition to Establish the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area". TTB.gov. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. October 14, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[Wine,_Wit,_and_Wisdom-5] "Welcome to the World, Appalachian High Country AVA!". Wine, Wit, and Wisdom. November 5, 2016.

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