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A whale fall occurs when the carcass of a whale has fallen onto the ocean floor at a depth greater than 1,000 m (3,300 ft), in the bathyal or abyssal zones. On the sea floor, these carcasses can create complex localized ecosystems that supply sustenance to deep-sea organisms for decades. This is unlike in shallower waters, where a whale carcass will be consumed by scavengers over a relatively short period of time. Whale falls were first observed in the late 1970s with the development of deep-sea robotic exploration. Since then, several natural and experimental whale falls have been monitored through the use of observations from submersibles and remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) in order to understand patterns of ecological succession on the deep seafloor.
Neptunomonas japonica is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile by means of a single polar or subterminal flagellum. Its type strain is JAMM 0745T. It was first found in carcasses of a Sperm whale and is closely related to a symbiotic bacterial clone of the polychaete Osedax japonicus.
Muricauda aquimarina is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda. which has been isolated from a salt lake near the beach of Hwajinpo in Korea.
Aquimarina addita is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the Jeju Island in Korea.
Aquimarina agarilytica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the alga Porphyra haitanensis near the Nan'ao County from the China sea near China.
Aquimarina gracilis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and slender rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the gut microflora from the mussel Mytilus coruscus which was collected from the Gwangyang Bay from the South Sea near Korea.
Aquimarina hainanensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, long rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the shrimp larvae Litopenaeus vannamei.
Aquimarina intermedia is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from the Peter the Great Gulf in Russia.
Aquimarina latercula is a bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from a sea-water aquarium outflow in La Jolla in the United States.
Aquimarina muelleri is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from sea-water from the Amur Bay.
Aquimarina mytili is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the gut microflora of the mussel Mytilus coruscus which was collected from the Gwangyang Bay in Korea.
Aquimarina pacifica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre from the Pacific Ocean.
Aquimarina spongiae is a bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the sponge Halichondria oshoro from the coastal area of Jeju in Korea.
Neptunomonas is an anaerobic and rod-shaped genus from the family of Oceanospirillaceae.
Amphritea balenae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Amphritea which has been isolated from sediments near a sperm whale carcasses from Kagoshima on Japan.
Amphritea japonica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Amphritea which has been isolated from sediments near a sperm whale carcasses from Kagoshima on Japan.
Marinomonas aquimarina is a bacterium from the genus of Marinomonas which has been isolated from oysters and seawater.
Shewanella aquimarina is a slightly halophilic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Shewanella which has been isolated from water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
Aquimarina aggregata is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and agarolytic bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea in China.
Aquimarina rubra is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from sediments from a pond which was cultivated with sea cucumbers from Rongcheng in China.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Aquimarina". LPSN .
- ↑ "strain JAMB N27 Strain Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net.
- ↑ "Aquimarina macrocephali". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Miyazaki, M; Nagano, Y; Fujiwara, Y; Hatada, Y; Nogi, Y (October 2010). "Aquimarina macrocephali sp. nov., isolated from sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (Pt 10): 2298–302. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.018747-0 . PMID 19915102.