Arambai Tenggol

Last updated

Arambai Tenggol
Founded2020 [1]
Founders Leishemba Sanajaoba [2]
TypeMeitei organisation
Headquarters Imphal
Area served
Imphal Valley, Manipur, India
Chairman
 Leishemba Sanajaoba [3]
Head
Tyson Ngangbam [4] ("Korounganba Khuman") [5]
Volunteers50,000 [6] –60,000 [7]

Arambai Tenggol (Meitei for "dart wielding cavalry") [8] is a Meitei activist organisation in the Indian state of Manipur founded by Manipur's titular king and Rajya Sabha member Leishemba Sanajaoba, [9] [10] who also remains as its chairman. [3] [11] Arambai Tenggol has been described as a radical organisation, [12] [13] or as a radicalised armed militia. [14] It is also a revivalist organisation that aims to reestablish the pre-Hindu, native Sanamahi religion among the Meiteis. [15] It enjoys the patronage of Sanajaoba as well as the chief minister N. Biren Singh. [16] During the 2023–2024 Manipur violence, members of the Kuki-Zo community blamed it for having carried out deadly attacks against them. [17] [18] In January 2024, the organisation demonstrated its influence by summoning all the elected Meitei legislators of the state for a meeting to deliberate on the defence of Meiteis in the prevailing conflict. [19] [20]

Contents

Etymology

"Arambai Tenggol" is a Meitei language name, which is translated as "dart wielding cavalry". [8] Tenggol (Meitei : ꯇꯦꯡꯒꯣꯜ, romanized: /teŋ.gol/) means a troop or a platoon in Meitei language. [21] Arambai (Meitei : ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯥꯏ, romanized: /ə.ram.bai/) is a dart-like weapon, [22] that was used by Manipuri kings. [23]

Organisation

Arambai Tenggol is said to have been active since 2020. Starting as a cultural outfit, it soon turned into a radical organisation. [1] It became popular around 2022, [23] with Meitei youth increasingly organising themselves under its banner. [24]

The organisation enjoys political patronage at high levels in the state. As per the members of the group, Manipur's titular king and Rajya Sabha MP, Leishemba Sanajaoba, is their founder and leader. The oath-taking ceremony of the group in September 2022 was held at Sanajaoba's house. The organisation posted pictures of meetings with the titular king as well as the chief minister N. Biren Singh. [3] According to one of its commanders, the organisation regards itself as the equivalent of the warriors that once served the Meitei kings. [7] It has regularly countered protests against the state government, including the chief minister's "war on drugs" campaign, which targeted the tribal communities. [23] [a]

The members of the organisation wear a uniform with black T-shirts bearing a red insignia of three horsemen charging into battle. [26] [27] They are organised into "units", resembling an organised militia. The organisation quadrupled in size in the course of 2023–2024 Manipur violence, going up from 12 units in June 2023, [3] to 60 units in April 2024. [7] [b] Otherwise frustrated youth were attracted through videos depicting proud displays of weapons with background music and provocative insults targeted at the Kuki people. [7] The organisation is now said to have 60,000 members. [7]

An All India Congress Committee politician in charge of the state mentioned at the beginning of the violence that the members of Arambai Tenggol were seen moving around in groups of hundreds on motor-bikes with guns. He said that the organisation was modelled after RSS and Bajrang Dal in the rest of India. [29] The Kuki Students Organisation said that Arambai Tenggol members used to arrive in hundreds under the guise of conducting health and wellness campaigns, but only to intimidate the tribals. Indigenous Tribal Leaders Forum spokesperson said that they took out multiple rallies to the Mizoram border with the intention of intimidating the tribals on the route. [30] [c]

Revivalist activities

Salai Taret flag Salai Taret Flag, 2017.jpg
Salai Taret flag

Arambai Tenggol flies the "Salai Taret" flag, representing the traditional seven clans that are believed to have merged making up the present-day Meitei community. [3] [26] The use of the flag has prominently grown in the Valley in recent years. [31] The activists of Arambai Tenggol are often seen marching down highways or market areas, chanting slogans on restoring the glory of the old Manipur kingdom. [26]

Promotion of Sanamahism, the traditional faith of the Meitei community, has been a key activity of the group. The growth of Christianity is seen as a threat and the group aims to "bring people back" to Sanamahism. [3] [26] Meitei pastors have alleged forced conversion of Meitei Christians to Sanamahism. [26] In April 2023, Arambai Tenggol activists stormed the house of a pastor for having allegedly made a blasphemous remark about Sanamahism. [32] [33] In December 2023, a pastor in Imphal West found the Christmas decorations in front of his house vandalised, and the next day, an alleged activist of Arambai Tenggol came to disperse the village committee meeting, opened fire, and attacked the pastor, leaving him hospitalised. [26]

2023–2024 Manipur violence

Prior to the eruption of 2023–2024 Manipur violence, Arambai Tenggol was seen organising blockades on the roads leading to hill districts, and then seen leading the mobs in the Imphal city once the violence started. [7] Its activists reportedly entered police stations and police training centres, looting their armouries, setting fire to churches, and then looting villages and causing widespread havoc. [29] [34] According to the Kuki civil-society organisation Indigenous Tribal Leaders Forum (ITLF), Arambai Tenggol leaders openly brandished sophisticated weapons, looted from state armouries, and pressed their cadres to attack Kuki-Zo tribals. It complained that no action was being taken against them by the security forces. [35]

On 28 May, militants of surrendered insurgent groups were seen operating under the Arambai Tenggol banner, engaging in a fierce gunfight with 37 Assam Rifles at Serou, in the Sugnu area. [36]

Arambai Tenggol cadres also wore stolen uniforms of Manipur police commandos. Journalists noticed them in this attire during an attack on the town of Pallel in September 2023. [37] These men were also given safe passage by the state police, indicating a nexus between the organisation and the state forces. [38]

Arambai Tenggol was blamed for the killing of a 55 year-old Naga woman on 16 June, blowing her head into bits through continuous fire of gun shots. The militants remarked, "No more head. This way of killing is nice". [39] [40] It is said that the woman was first apprehended by Meira Paibis and then handed over to Arambai Tenggol for execution. [41]

Armed men in police commando uniforms were again involved in operations in the border town of Moreh in January 2024. They are reported to have set fire to eight Kuki houses, two churches and three schools. The Print has examined CCTV footage to confirm the residents' testimony. [42]

Kangla fort meeting

Soon after the Moreh incidents, Kuki militants staged a series of attacks in the foothill regions of the Imphal Valley, causing the death of seven people in 48 hours, raising a significant alarm in the Meitei community. [43] Arambai Tenggol grew concerned about the "safeguarding the Meitei community", and summoned all the elected Meitei legislators in the state, including ministers, to a meeting at the Kangla Fort on 24 January. It warned that anybody failing to attend the meeting would be labelled an "enemy of Meitei". [19] [20] [44]

Union Home Ministry sent a team of negotiators from Delhi to hold discussions with Arambai Tenggol. Discussions were held over two days in the house of the titular king Leishemba Sanajaoba under the "royal flag". [45] [46] The group's demands included the construction of a National Register of Citizens for Manipur (in order to identify alleged illegal immigrants) and the abrogation of Suspension of Operations agreements with Kuki militant groups. [47]

On 24 January, the meeting was attended by 37 state legislators (MLAs) and two parliamentarians (MPs). After taking an oath to preserve the integrity of Manipur, the attendees signed a six-point demand and vowed to communicate it to the central government. [1] [48] There were reports that the legislators that did not agree to the programme were beaten up, and others were intimidated with threats. [48] [49] Two legislators belonging to the BJP and one belonging to Indian National Congress, its state president K. Meghachandra, were reportedly assaulted. [7] [50] The Kuki-Zo civil society organisations across the state condemned the exercise, calling it a submission of government authority to an "armed militant group." [50] [51] [28]

Notes

  1. ↑ The chief minister has told media that the trigger for the 2023–2024 Manipur violence was "his government's war on drugs, implementation of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and identification of illegal immigrants". [25]
  2. ↑ In January 2024, a meeting at the Kangla Fort for the state's legislators was handled by the "58 unit". [28]
  3. ↑ The route to the Mizoram border passes through the Churachandpur district, home to many Kuki-Zo communities.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manipur</span> State in northeastern India

Manipur is a landlocked state in northeast India with Imphal as its capital. It borders Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north. It shares international borders with Myanmar, specifically the Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the southeast. Covering an area of 8,621 square miles, the state consists mostly of hilly terrain with the 700-square-mile Imphal Valley inhabited by the Meitei (Manipuri) community, historically a kingdom. Surrounding hills are home to Naga and Kuki-Zo communities, who speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The official language and lingua franca, Meitei (Manipuri), also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christianity in Manipur</span>

Christianity is the second largest religion in Manipur, a state in Northeast India, according to 2011 census. The tribal communities, Kukis and Nagas are overwhelmingly Christian, along with their kindred communities in the neighbouring states. The dominant Meitei community has only small numbers of Christians, but Meitei groups claim Christianity to be a threat. At the start of the 2023–2024 Manipur violence, Meitei mobs burned down 200–300 churches in the Imphal Valley belonging to all communities, and prohibited pastors from rebuilding them.

Kim Gangte is an Indian politician, educator and human rights activist, who was a Member of Parliament elected from the Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency in India in 1998, as a Manipur People's Party candidate. She is the general secretary of the Kuki Women Human Rights Network.

Yaingangpokpi (YKPI) is a village in the Imphal East District of Manipur, India. It is 24 km from Imphal at the northeastern corner of Imphal Valley. It is regarded as the centre of a "bowl", surrounded by hills on all sides except for the few valleys that pass through the village. The major ethnic groups within the village are Meitei, Tangkhul. The Tangkhuls live in the adjoining village of New Canaan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meitei classical language movement</span> Social movement to make Meitei an officially recognised Classical language of India

The Meitei language movement sought to achieve recognition of Meitei as a Classical language of India. It was supported by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangla Sanathong</span> Western entrance gate to the Kangla Fort

The Kangla Sanathong, also known as the Kangla Gate, is the western entrance gate to the Kangla Fort in Imphal West district of Kangleipak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 in Manipur</span>

Events in the year 2022 in Manipur

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kanglā shā</span> Meitei dragon lion

In Meitei mythology and Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur, Kanglā shā is a sacred guardian beast with a lion's body and a two-horned dragon's head. It is a royal symbol of the Meitei royalties . The most remarkable statues dedicated to "Kangla Sa" stand inside the Kangla.

The Kangla Nongpok Thong, shortly known as the Nongpok Thong, is the Eastern Gate Bridge of the Kangla Fort of Imphal, Kangleipak . With the re-opening of the modern Eastern Gate of the Kangla, the Kangla Western Gate was closed forever, under the leadership of Nongthombam Biren, the then Chief Minister of Manipur, due to the traditional Meitei belief that the western gate is regarded as the gate of the dead and it is ominous to enter the Kangla through the western doorway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Sanamahism Students' Association</span> International organization of students

The International Sanamahism Students' Association (ISSA) (Meitei: Malem Sanamahi Laining Maheiroi Lup), also called the International Sanamahism Students' Association, Kangleipak (Meitei: Malem Sanamahi Laining Maheiroi Lup, Kangleipak), is an international non-governmental organization of students of Sanamahism (traditional Meitei religion). It gives its services to the conservation and the upraising of the practices of Sanamahism in the society. It also draws the attention to the government of Manipur state to take up essential steps to protect Sanamahism from getting extinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lainingthou Sanna Mahee Sanna Pung, Kangleipak</span> Meitei religious organization

The Lainingthou Sanna Mahee Sanna Pung, Kangleipak, also known as the Lainingthou Sanamahi Sanapung (LSSP), is a non-governmental organization of the followers of the Sanamahism, dedicated to God Lainingthou Sanamahi and other ancient Meitei deities of Kangleipak.

The Sana Konung is the royal palace of the rulers of Manipur and their present-day descendants. After the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War, the British took over the Kangla Palace, and Sana Konung was built as the new royal residence, first occupied by Maharaja Churachand Singh in 1908.

On 3 May 2023, ethnic violence erupted in India's north-eastern state of Manipur between the Meitei people, a majority that lives in the Imphal Valley, and the Kuki-Zo tribal community from the surrounding hills. According to government figures, as of 3 May 2024, 221 people have been killed in the violence and 60,000 people have been displaced. Earlier figures also mentioned over 1,000 injured, and 32 missing. 4,786 houses were burnt and 386 religious structures were vandalised, including temples and churches. Unofficial figures are higher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Indian general election in Manipur</span> Election to constitute the 18th Lok Sabha in 2024

The 2024 Indian general election was held in Manipur on 19 April and 26 April to elect two members of the 18th Lok Sabha, from the constituencies of Inner Manipur and Outer Manipur. The election got scheduled in the midst of year-long ethnic violence between the valley-based Meitei community and the hill-based Kuki-Zo community. There were reports of violence and intimidation by armed militias during the campaigning as well as polling but, on the whole, the election got conducted peacefully. Opposition Indian National Congress candidates, Bimol Akoijam and Alfred Kanngam Arthur, won the two seats respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 in Meitei culture</span>

2022 in Meitei culture, including but not limited to Meitei architecture, Meitei cinema, Meitei cuisine, Meitei dances, Meitei festivals, Meitei language, Meitei literature, Meitei music, Meitei religion, Meitei script, etc.

Borobekra, also spelt Barabekra, is a village in the Jiribam district in Manipur, India, and the headquarters of an eponymous subdivision. It is about 30 km south of Jiribam, the headquarters of the district. The village is on the bank of the Barak River, near the confluence of a tributary that flows down from the Vangaitang range to the east. The Barak River flows north in this region, up to Jirimukh, where it turns northwest. The Barak River also forms the border with the Assam state of India.

Coalition of Indigenes' Rights Campaign, Manipur (CIRCA) is a Meitei activist organisation in the state of Manipur, India. It campaigns against the merger agreement by which the princely state of Manipur merged into independent India in 1949, and demands a pre-merger status for Manipur. The organisation collaborated at its inception with Manipur's titular king, Leishemba Sanajaoba, but broke off the engagement after he was elected to the Indian Parliament. The organisation is headed by Somorendro Thokchom, who is also the coordinator of the umbrella organisation COCOMI in 2024.

Jarolpokpi, also called Zairawn, is a census village at the southern end of the Jiribam plain in the Jiribam district, Manipur, India. It occupies a narrow plain between the Vangaitlang range in the east and Sejang hills in the west, covering 2.47 km2 (0.95 sq mi) area. Included in the census village are a Hmar village Zairawn, two Thadou Kuki villages Mongbung and Sejang Kuki, and a Meitei village Mongbung Meitei. The combined population of the Jarolpokpi census village is 1,237 people, of whom 64.2 percent are Scheduled Tribes.

Phaitol is a village in Manipur, India. It is at the foothills of the Vangaitang range, close to the National Highway 37. The village is part of Tamenglong district, Tousem Subdivision, but it is geographically located within the precincts of Jiribam district.

Durgapur is a census village in the Borobekra subdivision, Jiribam district, Manipur, India. It is about 35 km south of Jiribam, the headquarters of the district, close to the border with the Pherzawl district in the south. The village is on the bank of the Barak River, spanning a narrow valley between two forested hilly areas. The Barak River flows north in this region, up to Jirimukh, where it turns northwest. The Barak River also forms the border with the Assam state of India.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Manipur ministers and MLAs meet Arambai Tenggol members: Who are the radical Meitei group?, The Indian Express, 24 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, Manipur Tapes: CM's Brother, Arambai Tenggol Founder's Threats To 'Traitors' Who Leaked Tapes to 'Enemy' Contradict Biren's 'Doctored' Claim, The Wire, 24 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Saikia, Arunabh (6 June 2023). "Armed gangs and a partisan state: How Manipur slipped into civil war". Scroll.in.
  4. ↑ Angana Chakrabarti, Manipur’s BJP CM inflamed conflict: Assam Rifles report on India violence, Al Jazeera, 15 April 2024.
  5. ↑ "Writ petition by Manipur Tribal Forum Delhi in the Supreme Court of India" (PDF). scoobserver.in. 2023.
  6. ↑ PTI, Security Tightened In Imphal As Manipur Ministers To Meet This Key Group, NDTV News, 23 January 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kuthar, Greeshma (15 April 2014), "Saviour Complex: Why the Biren Singh government gives a free hand to Arambai Tenggol", The Caravan
  8. 1 2 Saikia, Arunabh (6 June 2023). "Armed gangs and a partisan state: How Manipur slipped into civil war". Scroll.in. Arambai Tenggol means "dart-wielding cavalry" – a reference to traditional Meitei warriors. Embossed on the back of the outfit's uniform of black T-shirts are three pony-riding warriors.
  9. ↑ Angshuman Choudhury, Arambai Tenggol: How a Meitei ‘sociocultural organisation’ became an armed-to-the-teeth militia, Frontline, 30 May 2024.
  10. ↑ Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, A Lowdown on the Electoral Contest in Two Lok Sabha Seats of Restive Manipur, The Wire, 2 April 2024.
  11. ↑ Haksar, Nandita (2023), Shooting the Sun, Speaking Tiger, p. 64, ISBN   9789354477034
  12. ↑ Yaqut Ali, For ‘Defaming Meiteis,’ Vigilante Groups Force Apology From Former Cop, Vandalise Activist’s House, The Wire, 6 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Vijaita Singh, Home Ministry rushes team to Manipur; Meitei MLAs call for ‘positive action’ from Centre, The Hindu, 22 January 2024.
  14. ↑ Arunabh Saikia, The return of Meitei insurgents marks a new turn in Manipur conflict, Scroll.in, 2 September 2023. "In the first month of hostilities, according to officials, Kuki insurgent groups played a pivotal role in organising fighting in the hills, but the Meiteis were largely reliant on radicalised armed militias such as the Arambai Tenggol and the state police constabulary, in addition to youth volunteers."
  15. ↑ Syed Firdaus Ashraf, 'Biren Singh's BJP government is playing with fire in Manipur', Rediff News, 18 May 2023.
  16. ↑ Greeshma Kuthar (31 July 2023), "Fire and Blood: How the BJP is enabling ethnic cleansing in Manipur", The Caravan, Mobs led by Arambai Tenggol—a Meitei militia that enjoyed the patronage of senior Bharatiya Janata Party leaders, including the chief minister, Biren Singh, and Manipur's titular king and Rajya Sabha MP, Leishemba Sanajaoba—were scouring the city, looking for Kukis in passing cars, in houses and in hostels.
  17. ↑ "Probe role of CM, Rajya Sabha MP in fuelling violence: Manipur tribal body". The Hindu. 31 May 2023.
  18. ↑ "'Were chased out... managed to reach Delhi... not everyone as fortunate': ST panel member from Manipur". The Economic Times. 1 June 2023. During a press conference on Wednesday, the Manipur Tribal Forum Delhi claimed Kuki-Zomi-Mizo-Hmar tribes have been subjected to unrelented ethnic cleansing carried out by Meitei radicalised extremist groups -- Arambai Tenggol and Meitei Leepun.
  19. 1 2 Karishma Hasnat, Noren Ningombam, ‘You are not here to observe but to protect’ — Manipur CM Biren Singh slams central forces, The Print, 22 January 2024.
  20. 1 2 AT invites Meitei MLAs, The Sangai Express, 20 January 2024.
  21. ↑ Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary (definition of "Tenggol")". dsal.uchicago.edu (in Manipuri and English). University of Chicago. p. 82. Retrieved 2 August 2023. tenggol ꯇꯦꯡꯒꯣꯜ /teŋ.gol/ n. a troop, platoon, etc. ~ sā- /~ sa/ v. to encamp, as of during a war. Morph: ~ sā- [~ to make].
  22. ↑ Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary (definition of "Arambai")". dsal.uchicago.edu (in Manipuri and English). University of Chicago. p. 11. Retrieved 2 August 2023. arāmbāi ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯥꯏ /ə.ram.bai/ n. a dart-like weapon.
  23. 1 2 3 Vijaita Singh, Ten Kuki MLAs from Manipur demand ‘separate administration’, The Hindu, 12 May 2023.
  24. ↑ Ranjan Solomon, BJP’s Communal Politics Has Deepened Historical Conflicts in Manipur, The Wire, 7 June 2023.
  25. ↑ Bhabesh Sharma, Manipur violence was planned years ago to press for separate nation: N Biren Singh, The Times of India, 21 October 2023.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Makepeace Sitlhou, Greeshma Kuthar, While the conflict has been ethnic in nature, there has been an underlying communal element to the violence, New Lines Magazine, 27 December 2023.
  27. ↑ Jon Suante, Unpacking the ethnic violence in Manipur: The impact of social media and newly formed civil societies, India Today NE, 6 June 2023.
  28. 1 2 Arunabh Saikia, In Imphal, the state’s surrender to an armed Meitei militia with ‘Taliban-like’ grip, Scroll.in, 26 January 2024.
  29. 1 2 Lahiri, Ishadrita (11 May 2023). "'Organisations on lines of RSS, Bajrang Dal have been formed in Manipur,' says Congress". ThePrint.
  30. ↑ Manufacturing ethnic segregation and conflict: A report on the violence in Manipur, All India Lawyers Association for Justice, August 2023, p. 73
  31. ↑ Javed Parvesh, Ground report from Manipur: How ethnic strife has become brutal war, The Weeek, 16 July 2023.
  32. ↑ Youths storm house of pastor in Manipur, Nagaland Post, 3 April 2023.
  33. ↑ Manipur: From Demand For NRC, Blasphemy, Arms Looting To Miss India Pageant, The Frontier Manipur, 22 April 2023.
  34. ↑ "Probe involvement of 2 radical Meitei groups in Manipur pogrom: tribal student bodies". The Hindu. 19 May 2023.
  35. ↑ Manipur government trying to eliminate tribal population, we want separate administration: ITLF, NE Now, 7 November 2023.
  36. ↑ "Gunfight erupts between Arambai Tenggol militants and 37 Assam Rifles in Manipur". India Today NE. 30 May 2023.
  37. ↑ PTI, Manipur: Death Toll in Pallel violence rises to three with one more succumbing to injuries, The Telegraph (India), 9 September 2023.
  38. ↑ Greeshma Kuthar, The Manipur Police gives safe passage to gunmen shooting at Kuki village near Pallel, The Caravan, 12 September 2023.
  39. ↑ "Manipur brutality on Naga woman: 'No more head. This way of killing is nice'". The Telegraph (Kolkata). 7 August 2023.
  40. ↑ "Manipur Naga body announces shutdown after woman's killing". The Hindu. 16 June 2023.
  41. ↑ Sukrita Baruah, Jimmy Leivon, ‘Disturbing’: Naga woman’s killing puts tense Manipur on the edge, The Indian Express, 19 July 2023.
  42. ↑ Sourav Roy Barman, Burnt houses, schools — Manipur commandos ‘led arson spree’ in Moreh, Myanmar fire dept ‘came to rescue’, The Print, 21 January 2024.
  43. ↑ Yaqut Ali, With 7 Killed in 48 Hours, Opposition Again Calls on Modi to Address the Violence in Manipur, The Wire, 19 January 2024.
  44. ↑ Manipur: Security tightened as radical group ‘summons’ Meitei MLAs, The Indian Express, 24 January 2024.
  45. ↑ PTI, Security Tightened In Imphal As Manipur Ministers To Meet This Key Group, NDTV News, 23 January 2024.
  46. ↑ MHA team meets Arambai Tenggol chief, Imphal Free Press, 24 January 2024.
  47. ↑ Phurailatpam Keny Devi, Manipur: 3-member special MHA team meets Meitei organisation, demand for NRC put up, India Today NE, 23 January 2024.
  48. 1 2 On Arambai Tenggol’s watch, 37 legislators, 2 MPs take Oath in a ‘Historic Day’ at Kangla Fort, Ukhrul Times, 24 January 2024.
  49. ↑ Ananya Bharadwaj, What happened at Kangla Fort meeting between Arambai Tenggol & MLAs-MPs it had ‘summoned’, The Print, 25 January 2024.
  50. 1 2 Manipur Congress chief assaulted in meeting with Arambai Tenggol at Kangla in Imphal: Jairam Ramesh, The Hindu, 25 January 2024.
  51. ↑ Manipur govt submitted authority to militant group, President’s Rule must: ITLF, Northeast Now (NENow), 25 January 2025.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.