 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(January 2024) |
| Developer(s) | Huawei |
|---|---|
| Initial release | October 22, 2021 |
| Operating system | HarmonyOS |
| Type | Software framework |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/develop/arkUI |
ArkUI is a declarative based user interface framework for building user interfaces on native HarmonyOS applications developed by Huawei for the ArkTS and Cangjie programming language. [1]
ArkUI 3.0 is declarative in eTS (extended TypeScript) in HarmonyOS 3.0, followed by main ArkTS programming language in HarmonyOS 3.1, contrasting with the imperative syntax used in Java development in earlier versions of HarmonyOS in HarmonyOS 1.0 and 2.0. ArkUI allows for 2D drawing as well as 3D drawing, animations, event handling, Service Card widgets, and data binding. ArkUI automatically synchronizes between UI views and data. [2]
ArkUI integrates with DevEco Studio IDE to provide for real-time previews during editing, alongside support for debugging and other development features. [3]
ArkJS primarily used for web development paradigm, based on JavaScript that targets smaller and basic applications on ArkUI for web developers on JS and CSS. [4]
During HDC 2021 on October 22, 2021, the HarmonyOS 3.0 developer preview introduced ArkUI 3.0 for eTS, JS programming languages with ArkCompiler. Compared to previous versions of ArkUI 1.0 and 2.0 under imperative development with Java in earlier versions of HarmonyOS. [5]
During HDC 2022 HarmonyOS 3.1 in November 2022, Huawei ArkUI evolved into full declarative development featuring declarative UI capabilities, improved layout ability, component capability improvement and others. [6] In April 2023, HarmonyOS 3.1 Beta 1 build included ArkUI declarative 2D and 3D drawing capabilities. The upgrade also improves layout, component, and app state management capabilities. [7]
During HDC 2023, August 2023, Huawei announced HarmonyOS 4.0 improvements of ArkUI with ArkTS alongside native HarmonyOS NEXT software development using Ark Engine with ArkGraphics 2D and ArkGraphics 3D. Also, the company announced a cross platform extension of ArkUI called ArkUI-X which would allow developers to run applications across Android, iOS and HarmonyOS under one project using DevEco Studio IDE and Visual Studio Code plugins. On January 18, 2024, during HarmonyOS Ecology Conference, Huawei revealed the HarmonyOS NEXT software stack, that included ArkUI/ArkUI-X programming framework with the Ark Compiler/BiSheng Compiler/Ark Runtime compiler & runtime, for both ArkTS and incoming Cangjie programming language. [8]
| Developer(s) | Huawei |
|---|---|
| Initial release | December 8, 2023 |
| Operating system | Android, iOS, OpenHarmony, Oniro OS, HarmonyOS |
| Type | Software framework |
| License | Apache License |
| Website | https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/develop/arkUI |
ArkUI-X is an open-source UI software development kit which is the extension of ArkUI created by Huawei. It is used to develop cross platform applications from a single codebase for any platform such as Android, iOS, OpenHarmony and native HarmonyOS with HarmonyOS NEXT system which was released on December 8, 2023, after Canary 1 build on August 4, 2023. [9]
The following is an example of a simple Hello World program. It is standard practice in ArkUI to separate the application struct and views into different structs, with the main view named Index. [10]
importArkTS// Index.etsimportrouterfrom'@ohos.router';@Entry@ComponentstructIndex{@Statemessage:string='Hello World'build(){Row(){Column(){Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)// Add a button to respond to user clicks.Button(){Text('Next').fontSize(30).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}.type(ButtonType.Capsule).margin({top:20}).backgroundColor('#0D9FFB').width('40%').height('5%')// Bind the onClick event to the Next button so that clicking the button redirects the user to the second page..onClick(()=>{router.pushUrl({url:'pages/Second'})})}.width('100%')}.height('100%')}}A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is an environment in which software is executed. It may be the hardware or the operating system (OS), a web browser and associated application programming interfaces, or other underlying software, as long as the program code is executed using the services provided by the platform. Computing platforms have different abstraction levels, including a computer architecture, an OS, or runtime libraries. A computing platform is the stage on which computer programs can run.
EMUI (formerly known as Emotion UI, and also known as MagicOS is a HarmonyOS/Android mobile operating system developed by Chinese technology company Huawei. It is used on the company's smartphones and tablet computers.
HarmonyOS (HMOS) is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, smart watches, personal computers and other smart devices. It has a multikernel design with dual frameworks: the operating system selects suitable kernels from the abstraction layer in the case of devices that use diverse resources. The operating system was officially launched by Huawei in August 2019.
Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) is a collection of proprietary services and high level application programming interfaces (APIs) developed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Its hub known as HMS Core serves as a toolkit for app development on Huawei devices. HMS is typically installed on Huawei devices on top of running dual-framework HarmonyOS operating system, and on its earlier devices running the Android operating system with EMUI including devices already distributed with Google Mobile Services. Alongside, HMS Core Wear Engine for Android phones with lightweight based LiteOS wearable middleware app framework integration connectivity like notifications, status etc.
Celia is an artificially intelligent virtual assistant developed by Huawei for their latest HarmonyOS and Android-based EMUI smartphones that lack Google Services and a Google Assistant. The assistant can perform day-to-day tasks, which include making a phone call, setting a reminder and checking the weather. It was unveiled on 7 April 2020 and got publicly released on 27 April 2020 via an OTA update solely to selected devices that can update their software to EMUI 10.1.
DevEco Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Huawei's HarmonyOS operating system, built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software and Huawei's SmartAssist designed specifically for HarmonyOS development. It is available for download on Microsoft Windows and macOS based operating systems.
The version history of the HarmonyOS distributed operating system began with the public release of the HarmonyOS 1.0 for Honor Vision smart TVs on August 9, 2019. The first expanded commercial version of the Embedded, IoT AI, Edge computing based operating system, HarmonyOS 2.0, was released on June 2, 2021 for phones, tablets, smartwatches, smart speakers, routers, and internet of things. Beforehand, DevEco Studio, the HarmonyOS app development IDE, was released in September 2020 together with the HarmonyOS 2.0 Beta. HarmonyOS is developed by Huawei. New major releases are announced at the Huawei Developers Conference (HDC) in the fourth quarter of each year together with the first public beta version of the operating system's next major version. The next major stable version is then released in the third to fourth quarter of the following year.
OpenAtom OpenHarmony, or abbreviated as OpenHarmony (OHOS), is a family of open-source operating systems based on HarmonyOS derived from LiteOS, donated the L0-L2 branch source code by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. Similar to HarmonyOS, the open-source distributed operating system is designed with a layered architecture, which consists of four layers from the bottom to the top, i.e., the kernel layer, system service layer, framework layer, and application layer.
The HarmonyOS App Pack or the App file, identified with the file extension ".app", serves as the file format used by the HarmonyOS operating system. It functions as a native HarmonyOS app for distribution and installation through Huawei AppGallery, or for distribution through Huawei Ability Gallery in respect of installation-free apps under both current classic dual-framework and HarmonyOS NEXT system. The App file is also used by a number of other open source HarmonyOS-based operating systems such as OpenHarmony and Oniro OS-based operating systems for distribution and installation of applications, video games and middleware. Including non OpenHarmony-based operating systems, such as GNU Linux-based Unity Operating System that supports the app file format.
HarmonyOS NEXT is a proprietary distributed operating system and an iteration of HarmonyOS, developed by Huawei to support only HarmonyOS native apps. The operating system is primarily aimed at software and hardware developers that deal directly with Huawei. It does not include Android's AOSP core and is incompatible with Android applications.
Huawei Ark Engine is a conglomerate of proprietary application programming interfaces (APIs) similar to Microsoft DirectX for handling tasks related to system and multimedia, especially game programming and video, on HarmonyOS platform such as Graphics engine, ArkGraphics 2D for 2D computer graphics, 2D Drawing high-performance, interactive graphics with ArkUI support and also low-level, low-overhead hardware-accelerated 3D graphic and compute shader ArkGraphics 3D API, multimedia engine for audio and video, memory engine, scheduling engine, storage engine and low power consumption engine.
ArkGraphics 3D is a low-level, low-overhead hardware-accelerated 3D graphic and compute shader API developed by Huawei as a superset of Ark Engine. It is compared to low-level APIs on other platforms such as Apple Metal, Vulkan and DirectX 12.
Ark Compiler, also known as ArkCompiler, is a unified compilation and runtime platform that supports joint compilation and running across programming languages and chip platforms, also operating systems of open-source OpenHarmony, Oniro OS, alongside proprietary HarmonyOS with single core system HarmonyOS NEXT included on native APP in Event-driven programming in a unified development environment and formerly built for Android-based EMUI for Huawei smartphones and tablets with HMS-enabled apk apps on AppGallery that improves app performance. It supports a variety of dynamic and static programming languages such as JS, TS, and ArkTS. It is the compilation and runtime base that enables OpenHarmony, Oniro OS alongside HarmonyOS NEXT to run on multiple device forms such as smart devices, mobile phones, PCs, tablets, TVs, automobiles, and wearables. ArkCompiler consists of two parts, compiler toolchain and runtime.
BiSheng Compiler is an open-source compiler toolchain developed by Huawei for general-purpose processor architectures, such as Kunpeng within HiSilicon domain. It introduces and enhances multiple compilation optimization technologies and supports different programming languages, such as ArkTS, Cangjie, C, C++ and Fortran.
ArkTS is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Huawei which is a superset of open-source TypeScript, in turn a superset of JavaScript formerly used in July 2022 HarmonyOS 3.0 version, alongside its evolved percussor, extended TypeScript (eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift towards Declarative programming. ArkTS compiles to machine code via it's Ahead-of-time compilation Ark Compiler. ArkTS was first released in September 30, 2021 on OpenHarmony, and the ArkTS toolchain has shipped in DevEco Studio since version 3.1, released in 2022. Since, OpenHarmony 4.0 release on October 26, 2023, ArkTS APIs has been added to the open source community to contribute.
ArkGraphics 2D is an proprietary 2D graphics library written in C++ for HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony-Oniro based operating systems. ArkGraphics 2D API abstracts away platform-specific graphics API which differ from ArkGraphics 3D API. It is compared to other 2D computer graphics API such as Skia Graphics Engine.
MindSpore is a open-source software framework for deep learning, machine learning and artificial intelligence developed by Huawei.
Huawei PanGu, PanGu, PanGu-Σ or PanGu-π is a multimodal large language model developed by Huawei. It was announced on July 7, 2023, positioned as a contender to other multimodal large language models.
Hvigor is a build automation tool for multi-language software development built on TypeScript. It controls the development process in the tasks of compilation and packaging to testing, deployment, and publishing of a number of programming languages such as JS, eTS on older versions, ArkTS app development for DevEco Studio IDE.
HarmonyOS Sans is a sans-serif typeface made by Huawei. It was first released to developers on June 9, 2021, which is used in HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony operating systems. It is the company second typeface since it's corporate Huawei Sans sans-serif typeface.
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