Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum

Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum
	General Arturo Enrile Building housing the AFP Museum and theater
	Location within Metro Manila Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum (Philippines)
Established	1996
Location	Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
Coordinates	14°36′40″N121°03′43″E / 14.6110°N 121.0619°E
Type	Military history museum
Owner	AFP Museum and Historical Library Foundation Inc.

Last updated October 17, 2019

The Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum, also known as the AFP Museum is a military museum located within the premises of Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon City, Philippines.^[1]

Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.

A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public. The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.

Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo (CGEA) is the military headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and is located in Quezon City in the Philippines. It is located along Epifanio de los Santos Ave., in front of Camp Crame, the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP). The military base is named after the revolutionary leader, Emilio Aguinaldo who became the first Philippine President, that fought in the Philippine Revolution, the Spanish–American and the Philippine–American War.

History

Established in 1996 through a "verbal pronouncement" by then Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Arturo Enrile, the museum is located in the building named after Gen. Enrile at Camp Aguinaldo. The following year, a group of individuals from the military and private sector established the AFP Museum and Historical Library Foundation Inc., a non-stock, nonprofit private foundation in order to ensure the continuity of the museum's activities;^[2] hence, the museum does not directly operate under the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The Philippine Veterans Affairs Office regularly supports the museum's projects.^[3]

The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, usually the only officer holding a rank of four-star general/admiral, is the head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), including all service branches under its command. He is also the highest-ranking military officer of the whole AFP, and appointed by, as well as directly reports to the President of the Philippines under Article VII, Section 18 of the 1987 Constitution. He also executes the President's commands, tactics, operations, plannings, and strategies, as well as serves as the Immediate Adviser to the Secretary of National Defense and prescribes directions to all commands. Its direct equivalent in the United States Armed Forces is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Unlike his/her United States counterpart which is merely supervisory, the AFP Chief of Staff oversees and has operational control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces.

Arturo "Boy" Tiongson Enrile was the Secretary of the Department of Transportation of the Philippines from April 1997 – January 1998. He served as the 24th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from 1994 to 1996.

A non-stock corporation is a corporation that does not have owners represented by shares of stock. That type of corporation is called a stock corporation. Instead, a non-stock corporation typically has members who are the functional equivalent of stockholders in a stock corporation Non-stock corporations may also choose to have no members. The vast majority of not-for-profit corporations are non-stock corporations. While rare, it is also possible for a for-profit corporation to be a non-stock corporation.

Exhibits

The museum consists of two storeys of the Gen. Arturo Enrile building and the adjacent Kagitingan (Filipino, "bravery" or "valor") Park. The lower level showcases the development of the Philippine military through different eras of its history. The upper level consists of displays dedicated to the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy (including the Philippine Marine Corps) and the Philippine Air Force. The Kagitingan Park is used to display decommissioned military vehicles and weapons.^[1]

Storey level part of a building that could be used by people

A storey or story is any level part of a building with a floor that could be used by people. The plurals are "storeys" and "stories", respectively.

Filipino language official language of the Philippines

Filipino is the national language of the Philippines. Filipino is also designated, along with English, as an official language of the country. It is a standardized variety of the Tagalog language, an Austronesian regional language that is widely spoken in the Philippines. As of 2007, Tagalog is the first language of 28 million people, or about one-third of the Philippine population, while 45 million speak Tagalog as their second language. Tagalog is among the 185 languages of the Philippines identified in the Ethnologue. Officially, Filipino is defined by the Commission on the Filipino Language as "the native dialect, spoken and written, in Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago."

The Philippine Army is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) responsible for ground warfare. The Commanding General of the Philippine Army, its professional and overall head, is Lieutenant General Macairog S. Alberto, who took office on October 15, 2018. Its main headquarters is located at Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Metro Manila.

Notable among the museum's collections are two letters written by Apolinario Mabini to Emilio Aguinaldo concerning Antonio Luna. One of the letters, dated 28 February 1899, stated that Luna had renounced his position as Director of War Operations due to Aguinaldo's failure to censure officers who refused to obey his orders. The other, dated 6 March 1899, disclosed that Luna had published a circular order stating that he would execute anyone who refused to obey his orders. Mabini also states in this letter that Luna had executed someone in Bocaue, Bulacan without benefit of a court-martial.^[1] Aguinaldo's rayadillo uniform is also in the museum's collection.^[3]

Apolinario Mabini y Maranan was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. He is regarded as the "utak ng himagsikan" or "brain of the revolution".

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), and then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901).

Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was a Filipino army general who fought in the Philippine–American War.

A wall display showcasing recipients of the Medal of Valor was inaugurated by former President Fidel V. Ramos in 2011.^[4]

The Medal of Valor is the Armed Forces of the Philippines' highest military honor awarded for a conspicuous deed of personal bravery or self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty that distinguishes the recipient from his comrades. It is defined in the Philippine Army Awards and Decorations reference material FC 1-0062, itself adapted from the Armed Forces of the Philippines Awards and Decorations Handbook, Second Edition published in 1997, as an award for "heroism in combat" and is foremost in the order of precedence of awards and decorations of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Gallery

Items on display at the museum include the following:

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons, based on an original German 20 mm Becker design that appeared very early in World War I. It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II, and many versions are still in use today.

The Bell UH-1 Iroquois is a utility military helicopter powered by a single turboshaft engine, with two-blade main and tail rotors. The first member of the prolific Huey family, it was developed by Bell Helicopter to meet a United States Army's 1952 requirement for a medical evacuation and utility helicopter, and first flew in 1956. The UH-1 was the first turbine-powered helicopter produced for the United States military, and more than 16,000 have been built since 1960.

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The Philippine Revolutionary Army, later renamed Philippine Republican Army was founded on March 22, 1897 in Cavite. General Artemio Ricarte was designated as its first Captain General during the Tejeros Convention. This armed force of General Emilio Aguinaldo's central revolutionary government replaced the Katipunan's military force.

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The orders and decorations conferred upon civilians and military personnel in the Republic of the Philippines, are listed by order of precedence. The first list is of civilian awards, which take precedence over and above military awards. The next list is of awards conferred upon the military or formerly military units. Philippine civilian orders and decorations are conferred by the President of the Philippines, in his or her capacity as head of state. In certain instances, the conferment of certain orders and decorations requires the concurrence of the Congress of the Philippines, or of certain advisory bodies.

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The Philippine Republic, more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic, was a nascent revolutionary government in the Philippines. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, and endured until the capture of President Emilio Aguinaldo by the American forces on March 23, 1901, in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic.

Cardozo M. Luna is a retired three-star general and the 35th Vice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Cardozo Luna also served as the commander of two unified commands, Eastern Mindanao Command and Central Command. He served as the Philippine Ambassador to The Hague, Netherlands from 2009 until 2010 He is the current Undersecretary of Department of National Defense.

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Heneral Luna is a 2015 Filipino historical biopic film depicting General Antonio Luna's leadership of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–American War. It opens with the beginning of hostilities with the American colonizers, and ends with the assassination of Luna on June 5, 1899 - a period in which Luna served as Supreme Chief of the Army under the First Philippine Republic.

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References

1 2 3 Olivares, Rick (31 January 2016). "A walk through history at the AFP Museum" . Retrieved 26 December 2018.
↑ Alejano, Gary C. "House Resolution No. 54" (PDF). Congress of the Philippines . Retrieved 27 December 2018.
1 2 "AFP threatens to cut power to museum". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
↑ "FVR leads opening of 'Medal for Valor Awardees' exhibit at AFP museum". 8 April 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2019.

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[oli-1] 1 2 3 Olivares, Rick (31 January 2016). "A walk through history at the AFP Museum" . Retrieved 26 December 2018.

[2] Alejano, Gary C. "House Resolution No. 54" (PDF). Congress of the Philippines . Retrieved 27 December 2018.

[pdi-3] 1 2 "AFP threatens to cut power to museum". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2018.

[4] "FVR leads opening of 'Medal for Valor Awardees' exhibit at AFP museum". 8 April 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2019.