Arturia hirsuta

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Arturia hirsuta
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Calcarea
Order: Clathrinida
Family: Clathrinidae
Genus: Arturia
Species:
A. hirsuta
Binomial name
Arturia hirsuta
(Klautau & Valentine, 2003)
Synonyms
  • Clathrina hirsutaKlautau & Valentine, 2003

Arturia hirsuta is a species of calcareous sponge from South Africa. [1] The name refers to the hispid surface of the sponge.

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Calcareous sponge A class of marine sponges of the phylum Porifera which have spicules of calcium carbonate

The calcareous sponges of class Calcarea are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges. They are characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite. While the spicules in most species have three points, in some species they have either two or four points.

Description

Cormus composed of large, irregular and loosely anastomosed tubes. Water-collecting tubes converge to form conical projections with an osculum. The surface of the tubes is hispid because of the presence of diactines and trichoxea. Cells with granules have not been observed. The skeleton comprises equiangular and equiradiate triactines and very few tetractines. Actines are conical and straight, with a sharp tip. Diactines and fusiform and slightly curved. They are projected towards the exterior of the tubes. Trichoxeas are also present, perpendicular to the surface of the tubes. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Clathrina</i> genus of sponges

Clathrina is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae. Several species formerly in Clathrina were transferred to the newly erected genera Arturia, Ernstia, Borojevia, and Brattegardia in 2013. The name is derived from the Latin word "clathratus" meaning "latticed".

Arturia africana is a species of calcareous sponge from South Africa.

Borojevia aspina is a species of calcareous sponge from Brazil. The species name refers to the lack of spines in the apical actine.

Borojevia brasiliensis is a species of calcareous sponge from Brazil, from which the species' name is derived.

Borojevia cerebrum is a species of calcareous sponge from the Mediterranean Sea. The species name refers to the brain-like appearance of the sponge.

Clathrina ceylonensis is a species of calcareous sponge from Sri Lanka. The species name is derived from Ceylon, the former name of Sri Lanka.

Clathrina chrysea is a species of calcareous sponge from New Caledonia. The species epithet refers to the light yellow colour of the sponge.

Clathrina clara is a species of calcareous sponge from India. The name refers to the clear, bright surface of the sponge.

Arturia compacta is a species of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae found in Mauritius. This species is very likely to be synonymous with Arthuria canariensis, differing only in its larger and thicker triactines. However, the type and only known specimen is lost.

Clathrina cylindractina is a species of calcareous sponge from Brazil. The species is named after the cylindrical-shaped actines the sponge possesses.

Arturia dubia is a species of calcareous sponge in the genus Arturia from Australia. The name is derived from Dendy's uncertainty about the validity of the species, believing his specimens could, in fact, represent juvenile Leucosolenia cavata.

Clathrina gardineri is a species of calcareous sponge in the genus Clathrina from India and Seychelles. The species is named after the British zoologist John Stanley Gardiner.

Clathrina helveola is a species of calcareous sponge from Australia. The species name means "pale yellow" in Latin and refers to the species' colouration.

Clathrina hondurensis is a species of calcareous sponge from Belize. The species is named for British Honduras, the former name of Belize, at the time the holotype was collected in 1935.

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Clathrina laminoclathrata is a species of calcareous sponge from Australia. The species name is in reference to its unusual lamina.

Clathrina luteoculcitella is a species of calcareous sponge from Australia. The species name means "yellow pillow" and refers to the appearance of the cormus.

Arturia sueziana is a species of calcareous sponge from Egypt. The species is named after the Egyptian city of Suez where the holotype was discovered.

Borojevia tetrapodifera is a species of calcareous sponge from New Zealand. The species is named after the presence of tetrapods, the only Clathrinid sponge known to possess such spicules.

Arturia is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae which contains 14 species. It is named after Arthur Dendy, a prominent researcher of calcareous sponges. It was renamed Arturia in 2017 because the name Arthuria was already assigned to a genus of molluscs.

References

  1. ↑ Arturia hirsuta (Klautau & Valentine, 2003) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 23 January 2019.
  2. ↑ Klautau, M.; Valentine, C. (2003). "Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139: 1–62. doi:10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x.


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