The Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers (also Association of Researchers and Teachers of Qom) [1] is a political party and association of Shia Islamic clerics in Iran's religious capital of Qom. It was founded in 2001, as a support group for the Reformist movement and then-President of Iran Mohammad Khatami. Many of its members were students of Ayatollah Montazeri, who was a major patron of the association until his death in 2009. [2] Ayatollah Musavi Tabrizi serves as its Secretary-General and representative to the House of Parties of Iran. He became their leader in 2004 when their first leader Ayatollah Abayi Khorasani died. [2] It has been linked to the marājiʿ Ayatollah Sane’i and Ayatollah Ardabili. [2]
The Assembly became more widely known outside of Iran after its criticism of the 12 June 2009 Iranian presidential election. The group criticized the election vote counting system and the Iranian Guardian Council in a statement saying the Council no longer had the "right to judge in this case as some of its members have lost their impartial image in the eyes of the public." [3] The Assembly also released a joint statement demanding new elections [4] as well a statement condemning the state-sponsored detention and killing of anti-Mahmoud Ahmadinejad protesters. [5]
In November 2024, the Assembly caused controversy by appearing to endorse the two-state solution, which would tacitly imply an acceptance of the existence of the State of Israel, contrary to the hardline official Iranian position which completely rejects its existence. [6]
Ali Hosseini Khamenei is an Iranian cleric and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989. He previously served as the third president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei's 35-year-long rule makes him the longest-serving head of state in the Middle East, as well as the second-longest-serving Iranian leader of the last century after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Khamenei is a marja', a title given to the highest level of religious cleric in Twelver Shi'sm.
Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer, and human rights activist. He was one of the leaders of the Iranian Revolution and one of the highest-ranking authorities in Shīʿite Islam. He was once the designated successor to the revolution's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini; they had a falling-out in 1989 over government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people's freedom and denied them their rights, especially after the 1988 mass execution of political prisoners. Montazeri spent his later years in Qom and remained politically influential in Iran but was placed in house arrest in 1997 for questioning "the unaccountable rule exercised by the supreme leader", Ali Khamenei, who succeeded Khomeini. He was known as the most knowledgeable senior Islamic scholar in Iran, a grand marja of Shia Islam, and was said to be one of Khamenei's teachers.
ʿAlī Ḥusaynī Sīstānī is an Iranian Islamic scholar. A Grand Ayatollah and marja, Sistani is considered the leading religious leader of Twelver Shia Muslims.
Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi was an Iranian-Iraqi Twelver Shia cleric and conservative politician who was the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council from 14 August 2017 until his death on 24 December 2018. He was previously the Chief Justice of Iran from 1999 to 2009.
Mohammad Yazdi was an Iranian conservative and principlist cleric who served as the head of Judiciary System of Iran between 1989 and 1999. In 2015, he was elected to lead Iran's Assembly of Experts, defeating Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, a former president, by a vote count of 47 to 24.
Muhammad Taqi Misbah YazdiGiwachi was an Iranian Shia scholar, political theorist and philosopher who served as the spiritual leader of the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability.
Hujjat al-Islam Sayyid Hadi Khamenei is an Iranian reformist politician, mujtahid and linguist. He is a key member of the reformist Association of Combatant Clerics, and a former deputy of the Majlis of Iran representing a district in Tehran.
Yousef Saanei was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' and politician, a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran's powerful Guardian Council from 1980 to 1983 and also Attorney-General of Iran from 1983 to 1985.
Ayatollah Abbas Ka'bi Nasab is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric who was born in Ahwaz in 1962 into a religious family. Records mention that he is one of the 12 members of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom, a professor of a university, a member and the vice-president of the security committee of the Assembly of Experts for Leadership, and other significant positions.
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mirza Jawad Kubar Tabrizi was an Iranian Shia marja'.
Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008. Conservatives loyal to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were considered the victors of the election, at least in part because "all the most prominent" reformist candidates were disqualified from running.
After incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared victory in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests broke out in major cities across Iran in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi. The protests continued until 2010, and were titled the Iranian Green Movement by their proponents, reflecting Mousavi's campaign theme, and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.
Sayyid Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei is an Iranian Shia cleric and son of Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran. He served in the Iran–Iraq War from 1987 to 1988. He also reportedly took control of the Basij militia that was used to suppress the protests over the 2009 election.
The Qom Seminary is the largest Islamic seminary (hawza) in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom. It trains Usuli scholars.
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 until 1997.
The fifth Iranian Assembly of Experts election were held in Iran on 26 February 2016 to elect the members of the Assembly of Experts. All 88 members of the Assembly of Experts, who are known as mujtahids, are directly elected. The elections had been planned for 2014, but were delayed in order for the election to be held alongside the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections.
Sayyid Hossein Mousavi Tabrizi is an Iranian Shiite mujtahid, writer, researcher, judge and politician. He is professor of the high-level of Qom Hawza. The most important political posts of Mousavi Tabrizi are secretary Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers, Head of Iran's House of Parties and Vice-President of Pervasive Coalition of Reformists. He is perhaps best known for signing the death sentences of members of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Tehran in 1981, who had been kidnapped and subsequently tortured and finally executed purely on religious grounds.
The third Iranian Assembly of Experts election was held on October 23, 1998 to elect all 86 members in 28 constituencies. 17,857,869 citizens voted in the elections, marking a 46.3% turnout.
Alireza Arafi is an Iranian Shia cleric and he is currently a member of the Guardian Council and also a member of the Assembly of Experts. He was former chairman of Al-Mustafa International University, Qom Friday prayer leader and head of Iran's Seminary.
Ayatollah Mohsen Heidari AleKasir is an Iranian Shia Islamic cleric who was born in 1957 in a middle-class rural family in the village of Hor Riyahi Abadi which is located near to Shush in Khuzestan province. He is one of Khuzestan current members in Assembly of Experts.