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Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. He was the son of early civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Sr..
Andrew Jackson Young Jr. is an American politician, diplomat, and activist. Beginning his career as a pastor, Young was an early leader in the civil rights movement, serving as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and a close confidant to Martin Luther King Jr. Young later became active in politics, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Georgia, United States Ambassador to the United Nations in the Carter Administration, and 55th Mayor of Atlanta. Since leaving office, Young has founded or served in many organizations working on issues of public policy and political lobbying.
Morehouse College is a private historically black men's liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. Anchored by its main campus of 61 acres (25 ha) near downtown Atlanta, the college has a variety of residential dorms and academic buildings east of Ashview Heights. Along with Spelman College, Clark Atlanta University, and the Morehouse School of Medicine, the college is a member of the Atlanta University Center consortium. Founded by William Jefferson White in 1867 in response to the liberation of enslaved African-Americans following the American Civil War, Morehouse adopted a seminary university model and stressed religious instruction, in the Baptist tradition. Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s, the college experienced rapid albeit financially unstable institutional growth by establishing a liberal arts curriculum. The three-decade tenure of Benjamin Mays during the mid-20th century led to strengthened finances, an enrollment boom, and increased academic competitiveness. The college has played a key role in the development of the civil rights movement and racial equality in the United States.
The Guggenheim family is an American family known for making their fortune in the mining industry, in the early 20th century, especially in the United States and South America. After World War I, many family members withdrew from the businesses and became involved in philanthropy, especially in the arts, aviation, medicine, and culture.
Benjamin Oliver Davis Sr. was a United States Army officer. In 1940, he became the first African-American to rise to the rank of brigadier general. He was the father of Air Force Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis Jr. according to historian Russell Weigley, his career is significant not for his personal accomplishments, because he was only allowed a limited range of responsibilities, but as an indicator of a small forward movement for blacks in the American army in the World War II era. The New Deal era of Franklin Roosevelt was favorable toward blacks, and in 1940 he appointed Davis as the first black general. During World War II Davis held troubleshooting staff assignments designed to assist the expanded role of blacks, albeit in segregated units. He did not have command of troops.
Clark Atlanta University is a private Methodist historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Clark Atlanta University is the first HBCU in the Southern United States. Founded September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University; consolidated with Clark College (1869) to form Clark Atlanta University in 1988. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Benjamin Elijah Mays was an American Baptist minister and American rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists, including Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. His rhetoric and intellectual pursuits focused on the spread of nonviolence and civil resistance in the mold of Mahatma Gandhi. The peak of his public influence coincided with his nearly three-decade tenure as the sixth president of Morehouse College, a historically black institution of higher learning, in Atlanta, Georgia.
Ralph Emerson McGill was an American journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. He was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors, serving from 1945 to 1968. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959.
Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Cheatham was a Tennessee planter, California gold miner, and a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He served in the Army of Tennessee, inflicting many casualties on Gen. Sherman at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but taking the blame for General Schofield's escape at Spring Hill, Tennessee - a major factor in the Confederate defeat at Franklin, Tennessee.
Ben or Benjamin Davis may refer to:
Westview Cemetery, located in Atlanta, Georgia, is the largest civilian cemetery in the Southeastern United States, comprising more than 582 acres (2.36 km2), 50% of which is undeveloped. Westview includes the graves of more than 100,000 people.
Angelo Braxton Herndon was an African-American labor organizer arrested and convicted of insurrection after attempting to organize black and white industrial workers in 1932 in Atlanta, Georgia. The prosecution case rested heavily on Herndon's possession of "communist literature", which police found in his hotel room.
Benjamin Jefferson "Ben" Davis Jr., was an African-American lawyer and communist who was elected in 1943 to the city council of New York City, representing Harlem. He faced increasing opposition from outside Harlem after the end of World War II. In 1949 he was among a number of communist leaders prosecuted for violating the Smith Act. He was convicted and sentenced to five years in prison.
Frank Marshall Davis was an American journalist, poet, political and labor movement activist, and businessman.
Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. was a United States Air Force general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
South-View Cemetery is the oldest African-American cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia, established in 1886. It has since served as the burial place for many leaders in the civil rights movement including Julian Bond and John Lewis. Martin Luther King Jr. was originally buried here but was later moved to the King National Historic Park in Atlanta.
Atlanta's Berlin Wall, also known as the Peyton Road Affair or the Peyton Wall, refers to an event during the civil rights movement in Atlanta, Georgia, United States in 1962. On December 17 of that year, the government of Atlanta, lead by Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen Jr., erected a barricade in the Cascade Heights neighborhood, mostly along Peyton Road, for the purposes of dissuading African Americans from moving into the neighborhood. The act was criticized by many African American leaders and civil rights groups in the city, and on March 1 of the following year the barricade was ruled unconstitutional and removed. The incident is seen as one of the most public examples of white Americans fears of racial integration in Atlanta.
References
- ↑ "About Atlanta independent. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1903-1928". Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ↑ Broady, Arlinda Smith (4 November 2015). "Photo Vault: Oldest black daily newspaper founded in Atlanta". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ↑ Link, William A. (2013). Atlanta, Cradle of the New South: Race and Remembering in the Civil War's Aftermath. UNC Press Books. p. 183. ISBN 9781469607764 . Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ↑ Rosenberg, Charles (2009). "Davis, Benjamin J., Jr.". In Finkelman, Paul; Wintz, Cary D. (eds.). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press. pp. 2:14. ISBN 9780195167795 . Retrieved 26 July 2018.
