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References
- ↑ "Annual Audit Report, June 2011". Larkspur, Calif.: Verified Audit Circulation . Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ↑ Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E. (1998). African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography. Mark Graham. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-674-00788-8.
- 1 2 3 Webb, Arthur L. (January 4, 2006). "Celebrating 55 Years: Tri-State Defender, Then and Now". Tri-State Defender. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
- ↑ Marina Pacini; Memphis Brooks Museum of Art (15 September 2008). Photographs from the Memphis World, 1949-1964. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-915525-10-2 . Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- ↑ Earnestine Lovelle Jenkins (27 May 2009). African Americans in Memphis. Arcadia Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7385-6750-1 . Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- ↑ Robert H. Giles; Robert W. Snyder; Lisa DeLisle (1 November 2001). Profiles in Journalistic Courage. Transaction Publishers. pp. 72–. ISBN 978-0-7658-0796-0 . Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- ↑ The Invisible Press, The Jackson Sun, Dylan T. Lovan, 2003, retrieved June 7, 2016
- ↑ "Chicago Defender, Black-Owned Newspaper, is Finally Sold". Jet . February 10, 2003. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2012.