Avulavirinae

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Avulavirinae
CSIRO ScienceImage 325 The Poultry Killing Newcastle Disease.jpg
Newcastle disease virus (stained in brown) in the conjunctiva of a chicken
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily:Avulavirinae
Genera

Avulavirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae . [1] [2] [3] Members of the subfamily are collectively known as avulaviruses. All members of the subfamily primarily infect birds. Avulavirinae was previously recognized as the genus Avulavirus before being elevated to a subfamily. The term avula comes from "avian rubula", distinguishing it from rubulaviruses of the subfamily Rubulavirinae due to avulaviruses only infecting birds and translating protein V from an edited RNA transcript. The most notable avulavirus is the Newcastle disease virus, a strain of Orthoavulavirus javaense.

Contents

Characteristics

Like all Paramyxoviruses, avulaviruses are enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses.

Avulaviruses have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase attachment protein and do not produce a non-structural protein C. Avulaviruses can be separated into distinct serotypes using hemagglutination assay and neuraminidase assay. All avulaviruses hemagglutinate chicken RBCs except for avian metaavulavirus 5 which does not hemagglutinate RBCs from any species. Avian metaavulavirus 6 is unique to the presence of the SH gene between the F and HN genes. Avian metaavulavirus 11 has the longest genome among the APMVs. [4]

Taxonomy

Subfamily: Avulavirinae [5]

Genus: Metaavulavirus , which contains 14 species
Genus: Orthoavulavirus , which contains 11 species
Genus: Paraavulavirus , which contains three species

Prior to the subfamily being elevated from genus, members of the genus were known as Avian paramyxovirus, then later as Avian avulavirus, followed by numbers 1 to 19, which designated the species number. These numbers, along with the 20th and 21st members of the subfamily, are now dispersed across the three genera. Prior to 2023, each species was named Avian followed by the name of its genus and its individual number, for example Avian orthoavulavirus 1. [6] In 2023, the species were given binomial names. Avian orthoavulavirus 1, for example, was renamed to Orthoavulavirus javaense. [7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Balkema-Buschmann, Anne; et al. (6 June 2018). "Re-organization of the family Paramyxoviridae" (docx). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  2. ↑ Rima, B; Balkema-Buschmann, A; Dundon, WG; Duprex, P; Easton, A; Fouchier, R; Kurath, G; Lamb, R; Lee, B; Rota, P; Wang, L; ICTV Report Consortium (December 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (12): 1593–1594. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001328 . PMC   7273325 . PMID   31609197.
  3. ↑ "ICTV Report Paramyxoviridae".
  4. ↑ Gogoi, P; Ganar, K; Kumar, S (2015). "Avian Paramyxovirus: A Brief Review". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 64 (1): 53–67. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12355 . PMID   25924108.
  5. ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  6. ↑ "History of the taxon: Species: Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (2021 Release, MSL #37)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  7. ↑ Postler TS, Balkema-Buschmann A, Drexler JF, Duprex PW, Plemper RK, Vanmechelen B, Kuhn JH, Maes P (27 May 2022). "Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (Mononegavirales: Paramyxoviridae)" (docx). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 14 March 2025.

Sources

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