B3GALT4

B3GALT4
Identifiers
Aliases	B3GALT4 , BETA3GALT4, GALT2, GALT4, beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 603095 MGI: 1859517 HomoloGene: 2805 GeneCards: B3GALT4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	33,284,832 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	34,170,462 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ascending aorta; ; monocyte; ; right coronary artery; ; skin of abdomen; ; gastric mucosa; ; popliteal artery; ; left coronary artery; ; minor salivary gland; ; Right adrenal gland; ; body of stomach;
	Top expressed in
	pyloric antrum; ; gastric mucosa; ; seminal vesicula; ; mucous cell of stomach; ; intestinal villus; ; Epithelium of stomach; ; crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine; ; lacrimal gland; ; duodenum; ; saccule;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity ; galactosyltransferase activity ; ganglioside galactosyltransferase activity ; glycosyltransferase activity ; UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity ; acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; Golgi membrane ; Golgi apparatus ; membrane ; endoplasmic reticulum ;
Biological process	ganglioside biosynthetic process ; protein glycosylation ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8705
	54218
ENSG00000236802 ; ENSG00000235155 ; ENSG00000226936 ; ENSG00000206285 ; ENSG00000235863 ;
	n/a
	ENSMUSG00000067370
	O96024
	Q9Z0F0
	NM_003782
	NM_019420
	NP_003773
	NP_062293
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 14, 2022

Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GALT4 gene.^[5]^[6]

This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). This gene is oriented telomere to centromere in close proximity to the ribosomal protein S18 gene. The functionality of the encoded protein is limited to ganglioseries glycolipid biosynthesis.^[6]

Related Research Articles

Acid alpha-glucosidase, also called α-1,4-glucosidase and acid maltase, is an enzyme that helps to break down glycogen in the lysosome. It is functionally similar to glycogen debranching enzyme, but is on a different chromosome, processed differently by the cell and is located in the lysosome rather than the cytosol. In humans, it is encoded by the GAA gene. Errors in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galactosyltransferase</span>

Galactosyltransferase is a type of glycosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of galactose. An example is B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase.

In enzymology, a glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT1 gene.

CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ST3GAL4 gene.

UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GALNT1 gene.

UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GNT2 gene.

ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, also known as ST3GAL3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ST3GAL3 gene.

UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GNT3 gene.

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 also known as galactosyltransferase I is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT7 gene. Galactosyltransferase I catalyzes the synthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage in proteoglycans. Proteoglycans in turn are structural components of the extracellular matrix that is found between cells in connective tissues.

Alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGAT2 gene.

Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the A4GALT gene.

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT2 gene.

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT5 gene.

Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GALT5 gene.

Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGAT4B gene.

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT4 gene.

Alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGAT5B gene.

GBA2 is the gene that encodes the enzyme non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase in humans. It has glucosylceramidase activity.

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT3 gene.

References

1 2 3 ENSG00000235155, ENSG00000226936, ENSG00000206285, ENSG00000235863 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000236802, ENSG00000235155, ENSG00000226936, ENSG00000206285, ENSG00000235863 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000067370 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H (Jun 1998). "A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases. Characterization of four members of a UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine/beta-nacetyl-galactosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase family". J Biol Chem. 273 (21): 12770–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.12770 . PMID 9582303.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: B3GALT4 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4".

External links

Human B3GALT4 genome location and B3GALT4 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H (2000). "Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: galactosyltransferases for all functions". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1473 (1): 35–53. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00168-3. PMID 10580128.
Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, et al. (2007). "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries". DNA Res. 12 (2): 117–26. doi: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . PMID 16303743.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..805M. doi: 10.1038/nature02055 . PMID 14574404.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Shiina T, Kikkawa E, Iwasaki H, et al. (2000). "The beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase-4 (B3GALT4) gene is located in the centromeric segment of the human MHC class II region". Immunogenetics. 51 (1): 75–8. doi:10.1007/s002510050012. PMID 10663566. S2CID 35331402.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi: 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . PMID 8889548.
Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM (1988). "Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 3 (3): 265–82. doi:10.1089/aid.1987.3.265. PMID 2829950.
Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L, et al. (1989). "Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2 (2): 163–9. PMID 2649653.
Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP (1989). "Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport". J. Virol. 63 (6): 2452–6. doi:10.1128/JVI.63.6.2452-2456.1989. PMC 250699 . PMID 2542563.
Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG (1989). "Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (9): 3384–8. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.3384P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 . PMC 287137 . PMID 2541446.
Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F, et al. (1990). "Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 6 (3): 371–80. doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.371. PMID 2187500.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 ENSG00000235155, ENSG00000226936, ENSG00000206285, ENSG00000235863 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000236802, ENSG00000235155, ENSG00000226936, ENSG00000206285, ENSG00000235863 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000067370 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9582303-5] Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H (Jun 1998). "A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases. Characterization of four members of a UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine/beta-nacetyl-galactosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase family". J Biol Chem. 273 (21): 12770–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.12770 . PMID 9582303.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: B3GALT4 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4".

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B3GALT4

Contents

Related Research Articles

References

External links

Further reading