B4GALT4

B4GALT4
Identifiers
Aliases	B4GALT4 , B4Gal-T4, beta4Gal-T4, beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 604015; MGI: 1928387; HomoloGene: 37848; GeneCards: B4GALT4; OMA:B4GALT4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human) [1] Band 3q13.32 Start 119,211,732 bp [1] End 119,240,946 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse) [2] Band 16|16 B4 Start 38,562,626 bp [2] End 38,589,411 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tendon of biceps brachii beta cell nasal epithelium amniotic fluid epithelium of nasopharynx gallbladder rectum oocyte olfactory zone of nasal mucosa secondary oocyte Top expressed in zygote interventricular septum secondary oocyte primary oocyte genital tubercle seminal vesicula duodenum dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell tail of embryo yolk sac More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function metal ion binding galactosyltransferase activity N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity glycosyltransferase activity transferase activity beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity Cellular component Golgi membrane membrane Golgi cisterna membrane integral component of membrane Golgi apparatus Biological process protein glycosylation keratan sulfate biosynthetic process membrane lipid metabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8702 56375 Ensembl ENSG00000121578 ENSMUSG00000022793 UniProt O60513 Q9JJ04 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003778 NM_212543 NM_001285793 NM_019804 RefSeq (protein) NP_003769 NP_997708 NP_001272722 NP_062778 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 119.21 – 119.24 Mb Chr 16: 38.56 – 38.59 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT4 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. ^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000121578 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022793 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Lo NW, Shaper JH, Pevsner J, Shaper NL (Aug 1998). "The expanding beta 4-galactosyltransferase gene family: messages from the databanks". Glycobiology. 8 (5): 517–26. doi:10.1093/glycob/8.5.517. PMID   9597550.
6. "Entrez Gene: B4GALT4 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4".

External links

• Human B4GALT4 genome location and B4GALT4 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Further reading

• Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H (2000). "Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: galactosyltransferases for all functions". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1473 (1): 35–53. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00168-3. PMID   10580128.
• Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F, et al. (1990). "Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 6 (3): 371–80. doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.371. PMID   2187500.
• Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG (1989). "Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (9): 3384–8. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.3384P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 . PMC   287137 . PMID   2541446.
• Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP (1989). "Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport". J. Virol. 63 (6): 2452–6. doi:10.1128/jvi.63.6.2452-2456.1989. PMC   250699 . PMID   2542563.
• Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L, et al. (1989). "Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2 (2): 163–9. PMID   2649653.
• Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM (1988). "Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 3 (3): 265–82. doi:10.1089/aid.1987.3.265. PMID   2829950.
• Schwientek T, Almeida R, Levery SB, et al. (1998). "Cloning of a novel member of the UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1,4-galactosyltransferase family, beta4Gal-T4, involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (45): 29331–40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.45.29331 . PMID   9792633.
• Suzuki Y, Tsunoda T, Sese J, et al. (2001). "Identification and Characterization of the Potential Promoter Regions of 1031 Kinds of Human Genes". Genome Res. 11 (5): 677–84. doi:10.1101/gr.gr-1640r. PMC   311086 . PMID   11337467.
• Guo S, Sato T, Shirane K, Furukawa K (2002). "Galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides by human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases I, II, III, IV, V, and VI expressed in Sf-9 cells". Glycobiology. 11 (10): 813–20. doi: 10.1093/glycob/11.10.813 . PMID   11588157.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC   403697 . PMID   12975309.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID   14702039.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.