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Bacillus oleronius is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. However, Bacillus oleronius has Gram-positive cell wall components shared among all bacillus species. It was first described in 1995 and was found in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. It is also found in the human skin parasitic mite Demodex folliculorum, and may be related to the development of a type of rosacea.
GFAJ-1 is a strain of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Halomonadaceae. It is an extremophile that was isolated from the hypersaline and alkaline Mono Lake in eastern California by geobiologist Felisa Wolfe-Simon, a NASA research fellow in residence at the US Geological Survey. In a 2010 Science journal publication, the authors claimed that the microbe, when starved of phosphorus, is capable of substituting arsenic for a small percentage of its phosphorus to sustain its growth. Immediately after publication, other microbiologists and biochemists expressed doubt about this claim, which was robustly criticized in the scientific community. Subsequent independent studies published in 2012 found no detectable arsenate in the DNA of GFAJ-1, refuted the claim, and demonstrated that GFAJ-1 is simply an arsenate-resistant, phosphate-dependent organism.
Bacillus arseniciselenatis is a bacterium first isolated from Mono Lake, California. It is notable for respiring oxyanions of selenium and arsenic. It is spore-forming, rod-shaped and alkaliphile, its type strain being E1H. It is a strict anaerobe.
Fictibacillus arsenicus, also known as Bacillus arsenicus, is a bacterium. It is Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and arsenic-resistant. Its type strain is Con a/3T.
Arsenate-reducing bacteria are bacteria which reduce arsenates. Arsenate-reducing bacteria are ubiquitous in arsenic-contaminated groundwater (aqueous environment). Arsenates are salts or esters of arsenic acid (H3AsO4), consisting of the ion AsO43−. They are moderate oxidizers that can be reduced to arsenites and to arsine. Arsenate can serve as a respiratory electron acceptor for oxidation of organic substrates and H2S or H2. Arsenates occur naturally in minerals such as adamite, alarsite, legrandite, and erythrite, and as hydrated or anhydrous arsenates. Arsenates are similar to phosphates since arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) occur in group 15 (or VA) of the periodic table. Unlike phosphates, arsenates are not readily lost from minerals due to weathering. They are the predominant form of inorganic arsenic in aqueous aerobic environments. On the other hand, arsenite is more common in anaerobic environments, more mobile, and more toxic than arsenate. Arsenite is 25–60 times more toxic and more mobile than arsenate under most environmental conditions. Arsenate can lead to poisoning, since it can replace inorganic phosphate in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate step of glycolysis, producing 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate instead. Although glycolysis continues, 1 ATP molecule is lost. Thus, arsenate is toxic due to its ability to uncouple glycolysis. Arsenate can also inhibit pyruvate conversion into acetyl-CoA, thereby blocking the TCA cycle, resulting in additional loss of ATP.
Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is a species of arsenite-oxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth. It is Gram-negative, motile and short-rod-shaped. The type strain is MLHE-1T.
Bacillus azotoformans is a species of bacteria within the genus Bacillus. Novel nitrite reductases have been isolated from strains of this species.
Caldalkalibacillus is an aerobic and spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae the stains either Gram-positive or Gram-variable. The type species of this genus is Caldalkalibacillus thermarum.
Salisediminibacterium locisalis is a Gram-positive moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic, and motile bacterium from the genus of Salisediminibacterium.
Bacillus flexus is an aerobic, Gram-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, oxidase-positive bacterium. The endospores are ellipsoidal, located in central/paracentral, unswollen sporangia. In laboratory conditions, it produces opaque, creamish, raised-margin colonies at 30 ± 2°C when incubated for 24–72 hrs. on tryptic soy agar. This bacterial species may be isolated from feces (poultry) and soil.
Alkalihalobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus.
Metabacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria exhibiting Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Metabacillus fastidiosus.
Mesobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Mesobacillus jeotgali.
Ferdinandcohnia is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that generally display Gram-positive staining in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Ferdinandcohnia humi.
Lederbergia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Lederbergia galactosidilyticus.
Litchfieldia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Litchfieldia alkalitelluris.
Priestia is a genus of mostly Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Priestia megaterium.
Schinkia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Schinkia azotoformans.
Alkalicoccus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalicoccus saliphilus.
Ronald Oremland was an American microbiologist, astrobiologist, and emeritus senior scientist at the United States Geological Survey. He authored over 200 papers on the microbiology of extreme habitats.
References
- ↑ Switzer Blum, Jodi; Burns Bindi, A.; Buzzelli, J.; Stolz, John F.; Oremland, R. S. (1998). "Bacillus arsenicoselenatis , sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens , sp. nov.: two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic". Archives of Microbiology. 171 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1007/s002030050673. ISSN 0302-8933. PMID 9871015. S2CID 38748064.
- ↑ Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip; Saini, Navneet; Chen, Shu (2020-11-01). "Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5753–5798. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 33112222.
