Banksia borealis

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Banksia borealis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. borealis
Binomial name
Banksia borealis
Synonyms [1]

Dryandra borealisA.S.George

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

Contents

Description

Banksia borealis is a sprawling shrub that typically grows to a height of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and forms a lignotuber, or a shrub to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) that does not form a lignotuber. The stems have soft hairs held close to the surface. The leaves are broadly linear in outline, 40–90 mm (1.6–3.5 in) long and 12–30 mm (0.47–1.18 in) wide on a petiole up to 2 mm (0.079 in) long, with between five and twelve sharply pointed lobes on each side. Between thirty and fifty flowers are borne in a spike on the end of short side branches, each flower with a hairy, golden perianth 32–35 mm (1.3–1.4 in) long, the pistil 39–47 mm (1.5–1.9 in) long. Flowering occurs from July to November and the fruit is a hairy, egg-shaped follicle 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

This banksia was first formally described in 1996 by Alex George in the journal Nuytsia and given the name Dryandra borealis from specimens he collected in 1966, near the road between Kalbarri and Ajana. [3] [5] In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the genus Banksia and this species became Banksia borealis. [6] [7] The specific epithet (borealis) is a Latin word meaning "northern" [8] referring to the distribution of this species, the most northerly of all the dryandras. [3]

In the same journal, George described two subspecies of Dryandra borealis, later moved to Banksia by Mast and Thiele, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Banksia borealis occurs in two disjunct areas of Western Australia. Subspecies borealis is relatively common and grows in Kwongan between Kalbarri, Northampton and Yuna. Subspecies elatior is only known from a few small populations near Three Springs where it grows in tall scrub and low woodland. [3]

Conservation status

Subspecies borealis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, [11] but subspecies elatior is classified as "Priority Three" [12] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia armata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia armata, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of often sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated leaves with sharply pointed lobes and spikes of about 45 to 70 yellow flowers.

<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bipinnatifida is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with a lignotuber, an underground stem, only a few divided leaves, large cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers and large fruit.

<i>Banksia drummondii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

<i>Banksia erythrocephala</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia erythrocephala is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has erect stems, sharply pointed pinnatifid leaves, cream-coloured and reddish black or all cream-coloured and yellow flowers, and egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia glaucifolia is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated, wedge-shaped leaves with sharply pointed lobes, pale yellow flowers and follicles with hairy edges.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia mimica</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mimica, commonly known as summer honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has wedge-shaped leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of up to fifty and oblong, hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia nivea</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nivea, commonly known as honeypot dryandra, is a species of rounded shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as bulgalla. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, heads of cream-coloured and orange or red flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia pteridifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia squarrosa</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as pingle, is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves with up to ten sharply-pointed teeth on each side, yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and later, up to seven oblong to egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia subpinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia subpinnatifida is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has more or less linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, golden yellow flowers in heads of about sixty, and glabrous, elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia tenuis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia tenuis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia borealis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  2. ↑ "Banksia borealis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 343–345.
  4. ↑ George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 283. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  5. ↑ "Dryandra borealis". APNI. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  6. ↑ "Banksia borealis". APNI. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2013). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  8. ↑ William T. Stearn (1992). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 377.
  9. ↑ "Banksia borealis subsp. borealis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  10. ↑ "Banksia borealis subsp. elatior". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  11. ↑ "Banksia borealis subsp. borealis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ↑ "Banksia borealis subsp. elatior". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. ↑ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
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