Barbara Brandriff Crabb | |
---|---|
Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin | |
Assumed office March 24, 2010 | |
Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin | |
In office 2001–2010 | |
Preceded by | John C. Shabaz |
Succeeded by | William M. Conley |
In office 1980–1996 | |
Preceded by | James Edward Doyle |
Succeeded by | John C. Shabaz |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin | |
In office November 2,1979 –March 24,2010 | |
Appointed by | Jimmy Carter |
Preceded by | Seat established by 92 Stat. 1629 |
Succeeded by | William M. Conley |
Personal details | |
Born | Green Bay,Wisconsin | March 17,1939
Education | University of Wisconsin-Madison (BA,LLB) |
Barbara Brandriff Crabb (born March 17,1939) is a Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
Born in Green Bay,Wisconsin,Crabb received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1960 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1962. She was in private practice in Madison,Wisconsin from 1962 to 1968. She was a research assistant to George Bunn of the University of Wisconsin Law School from 1968 to 1969,and for the American Bar Association Project on Minimum Standards of Criminal Justice from 1970 to 1971. She served as a United States magistrate judge for the Western District of Wisconsin from 1971 to 1979. [1]
On July 21,1979,Crabb was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 31,1979,and received her commission on November 2,1979. She served as Chief Judge from 1980 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2010. On March 24,2010,Crabb took senior status when her successor,Judge William M. Conley,was confirmed as federal judge. [1]
In 2010,Crabb ruled in a suit that the Freedom From Religion Foundation filed in 2008 against the Obama administration that the National Day of Prayer is unconstitutional. [2] This ruling was reversed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 2011,which found that the plaintiffs in the suit lacked standing to sue. [3] [4]
In 2013,Crabb ruled in another suit,Freedom from Religion Foundation v. Lew,that the Internal Revenue Code's "clergy housing allowance exclusion" or "parsonage exemption" (providing that clergy members' housing allowance were exempt from federal income tax) was unconstitutional;the Seventh Circuit vacated this ruling,finding that plaintiffs lacked standing. [5] [6]
In 2014,Crabb ruled in the case Wolf v. Walker that Wisconsin's ban on same-sex marriage (in its state constitution and statutes) was an unconstitutional violation of due process and equal protection. [7] [8] This ruling was affirmed by the Seventh Circuit. [9]
In 2016,Crabb joined Circuit Judge Kenneth Francis Ripple in finding that the high number of wasted votes created by the 2011 Wisconsin State Assembly redistricting was unconstitutional partisan gerrymandering,over dissent by District Judge William C. Griesbach. [10] The opinion was vacated and remanded by the United States Supreme Court on June 18,2018. [11]
The Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) is an American nonprofit organization,which advocates for atheists,agnostics,and nontheists. Formed in 1976,FFRF promotes the separation of church and state,and challenges the legitimacy of many federal and state programs that are faith-based. It supports groups such as nonreligious students and clergy who want to leave their faith.
Michael Arthur Newdow is an American attorney and emergency medicine physician. He is best known for his efforts to have recitations of the current version of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools in the United States declared unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase "under God". He also filed and lost a lawsuit to stop the invocation prayer at President Bush's second inauguration and in 2009 he filed a lawsuit to prevent references to God and religion from being part of President Obama's inauguration.
North Carolina is currently divided into 13 congressional districts,each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2000 census,the number of North Carolina's seats was increased from 12 to 13 due to the state's increase in population.
The National Day of Prayer is an annual day of observance held on the first Thursday of May,designated by the United States Congress,when people are asked "to turn to God in prayer and meditation". The president is required by law to sign a proclamation each year,encouraging all Americans to pray on this day.
Kenneth Francis Ripple is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry,548 U.S. 399 (2006),is a Supreme Court of the United States case in which the Court ruled that only District 23 of the 2003 Texas redistricting violated the Voting Rights Act. The Court refused to throw out the entire plan,ruling that the plaintiffs failed to state a sufficient claim of partisan gerrymandering.
Ann Louise Aiken is an American attorney and jurist in the state of Oregon. A native Oregonian,she has served as a state court judge of the Oregon circuit courts and worked in private legal practice. She is currently a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. She served as Chief Judge of the Court from February 1,2009 to January 31,2016.
Same-sex marriage in Wisconsin has been legally recognized since October 6,2014,upon the resolution of a lawsuit challenging the state's ban on same-sex marriage. On October 6,the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal of an appellate court ruling in Wolf v. Walker that had found Wisconsin's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional. The appellate court issued its order prohibiting enforcement of the state's ban on same-sex marriage the next day and Wisconsin counties began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples immediately. Wisconsin had previously recognized domestic partnerships,which afforded limited legal rights to same-sex couples,from August 2009 until they were discontinued in April 2018.
Rudolph Thomas Randa was an American judge. He was a United States district judge in the Eastern District of Wisconsin for the last 24 years of his life. He was Chief Judge of the Eastern District of Wisconsin from 2002 until October 2009. Prior to his appointment to the federal court,he was a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge and served one year on the Wisconsin Court of Appeals.
Lynn S. Adelman is an American lawyer,judge,and former politician. He has served as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin,since December 1997. Earlier in his career,he served 20 years in the Wisconsin State Senate,representing southwest Milwaukee County and neighboring municipalities.
William C. Griesbach is a Senior United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. He was appointed to the federal court in 2002,by President George W. Bush,after having served seven years as a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Brown County.
Virginia Anne Phillips is a Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
William Martin Conley is an American lawyer and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
The clergy housing allowance is an allowance paid to ordained ministers and rabbis in Canada and the United States.
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2014.
Wolf v. Walker is a federal lawsuit filed in February 2014 that challenged Wisconsin's refusal to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples,its refusal to recognize same-sex marriages established in other jurisdictions,and related statutes. In June 2014,Judge Barbara Crabb of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin ruled for the plaintiffs. And in the week before she stayed her decision county clerks in 60 of the state's 72 counties issued marriage licenses to same-sex couples and some performed marriage ceremonies for them. The state appealed her decision to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals,which affirmed her opinion in a unanimous decision on September 4. The state requested a writ of certiorari from the U.S. Supreme Court,which was denied on October 6. Same-sex marriages resumed after the Seventh Circuit issued its mandate the next day.
The history of same-sex marriage in the United States dates from the early 1970s,when the first lawsuits seeking legal recognition of same-sex relationships brought the question of civil marriage rights and benefits for same-sex couples to public attention though they proved unsuccessful. However marriage wasn't a request for the LGBTQ movement until the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Washington (1987). The subject became increasingly prominent in U.S. politics following the 1993 Hawaii Supreme Court decision in Baehr v. Miike that suggested the possibility that the state's prohibition might be unconstitutional. That decision was met by actions at both the federal and state level to restrict marriage to male-female couples,notably the enactment at the federal level of the Defense of Marriage Act.
Gill v. Whitford,585 U.S. ___ (2018),was a United States Supreme Court case involving the constitutionality of partisan gerrymandering. Other forms of gerrymandering based on racial or ethnic grounds had been deemed unconstitutional,and while the Supreme Court had identified that extreme partisan gerrymandering could also be unconstitutional,the Court had not agreed on how this could be defined,leaving the question to lower courts to decide. That issue was later resolved in Rucho v. Common Cause,in which the Court decided that partisan gerrymanders presented a nonjusticiable political question.
Benisek v. Lamone,585 U.S. ____ (2018),and Lamone v. Benisek,588 U.S. ____ (2019),were a pair of decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States in a case dealing with the topic of partisan gerrymandering arising from the 2011 Democratic party-favored redistricting of Maryland. At the center of the cases was Maryland's 6th district which historically favored Republicans and which was redrawn in 2011 to shift the political majority to become Democratic via vote dilution. Affected voters filed suit,stating that the redistricting violated their right of representation under Article One,Section Two of the U.S. Constitution and freedom of association of the First Amendment.
Rucho v. Common Cause,No. 18-422,588 U.S. ___ (2019),is a landmark case of the United States Supreme Court concerning partisan gerrymandering. The Court ruled that while partisan gerrymandering may be "incompatible with democratic principles",the federal courts cannot review such allegations,as they present nonjusticiable political questions outside the remit of these courts.