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Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic before slipping into a long decline, when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetida died out. The last trilobites disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 251.9 million years ago. Trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270 million years, with over 22,000 species having been described.
Nektaspida is an extinct order of non-mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the mid-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the Trilobitomorpha within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families; Emucarididae, Liwiidae, and Naraoiidae.
John William Salter was an English naturalist, geologist, and palaeontologist.
Gravicalymene Shirley, 1936, is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and family Calymenidae. Species included in this genus have previously been allocated to Calymene Brongniart 1822,Flexicalymene Shirley, 1936. and Sthenarocalymene Siveter 1977.
Paciphacops is a genus of trilobites within order Phacopida, suborder Phacopina. This genus is found primarily in the United States and Australia and is easily mistaken for the genera Phacops and Kainops, which are also popular among collectors. One major difference between Paciphacops and Phacops is that the central raised area of the headshield extends beyond the headshield's anterior margin. A major difference between Paciphacops and Kainops is the greater number of eye facets in Kainops. The skin of the visual surface in Paciphacops is thickened and bulged compared to the edge of each lens.
Naraoia is a genus of small to average size marine arthropods within the family Naraoiidae, that lived from the early Cambrian to the late Silurian period. The species are characterized by a large alimentary system and sideways oriented antennas.
Ronald Pearson Tripp FRSE was a British palaeontologist specializing in trilobites. He was self-taught in palaeontology and became an authority on the taxonomy of the trilobite order Lichida and the trilobite family Encrinuridae.
Encrinurus is a long-lived genus of phacopid trilobites that lived in what are now Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America from the middle Ordovician to the early Devonian from 472 to 412.3 mya, existing for approximately 59.7 million years.
Balizoma is a genus of trilobites from the family Encrinuridae established by David J. Holloway in 1980. It has only been found in rocks of Silurian age. Its type species, B. variolaris, is currently the only named species of the genus, and is found in England. The neotype of B. variolaris was collected from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation at Dudley, West Midlands. That specimen was first illustrated in Sir Roderick Impey Murchison's classic book, The Silurian System. B. variolaris was the original "strawberry-headed" trilobite of Dudley, so-named because of its nodular glabellar tubercles, and well known to early trilobite collectors. Additional species were originally assigned to Balizoma, but were subsequently placed in other encrinurine genera.
Atractopyge is a genus of trilobites that lived in what would be Asia and Europe from the middle Ordovician to the early Devonian from 472 to 412.3 mya, existing for approximately 59.7 million years.
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William Joseph Rainbow (1856–1919) was an entomologist and arachnologist whose work includes the first catalogue of Australian spiders.
Encrinuridae is a family of trilobite within the order Phacopida that lived in what would be Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America from the middle Ordovician to the early Devonian from 479 to 412.3 million years ago, existing for approximately 66.7 million years.
Aulacopleura is a genus of proetid trilobite that lived from the Middle Ordovician to the Middle Devonian. Some authors may classify this group as subgenus Otarion (Aulacopleura). The cephalon is semicircular or semielliptical, with border and preglabellar field. The glabella is short, with or without defined eye ridges connecting it with eyes of variable size. Spines at the rear outer corners of the cephalon are present, typically reaching back to the 2nd to 4th thorax segment. The 'palate' is not connected to the dorsal shield of the cephalon. The cephalon is pitted, or has small tubercles. The thorax has up to 22 segments. The pleural ends are usually rounded. The pygidium is small (micropygous), with an even margin. A. koninckii had a modern type of compound eye.
Bumastus is an extinct genus of corynexochid trilobites which existed from the Early Ordovician period to the Late Silurian period. They were relatively large trilobites, reaching a length of 6 in (15 cm). They were distinctive for their highly globular, smooth-surfaced exoskeleton. They possessed well-developed, large compound eyes and were believed to have dwelled in shallow-water sediments in life.
Mackenziurus is a genus of phacopid trilobites from the Silurian containing several species, including four named after members of the American punk band the Ramones.
Coronocephalus is an extinct genus of trilobites in the Phacopid family Encrinuridae. Species are from the Silurian of Australia and Japan, and from the Silurian and Ordovician of China.
Perryus is a genus of phacopid trilobites that lived in what are now Canada, Greenland, and Siberia from the early Silurian to the middle Silurian from 438 to 430 mya, existing for approximately 8 million years.
Maldybulakia is a genus of freshwater arthropod which lived during Late Silurian to Late Devonian. Maldybulakia is known from three species, M. angusi and M. malcolmi from Australia, M. mirabilis from Kazakhstan, and M. saierensis from China. Its classification is uncertain, it was originally described as a myriapod-like animal, and later considered related to the xiphosurans, or an artiopod.
Dudleyaspis is an extinct genus of Lower to Middle Devonian odontopleurid trilobites that lived in a shallow sea that lay between Euramerica and Gondwana. It was named in 1949 by Prantl & Pribyl.
References
- ↑ Strusz, D.L.; Percival, I.G.; Wright, A.J.; Pickett, J.W. & Byrnes, A. (7 October 1998), "A Giant New Trimerellide Brachiopod from the Wenlock (Early Silurian) of New South Wales, Australia" (PDF), Records of the Australian Museum, 50 (2): 171–186, doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1278, ISSN 0067-1975
- ↑ "Encrinuridae Similar Trilobite Families Description Silurian Species from Eastern Australia". EurekaMag. 2012. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ↑ Holloway, D.J. & Lane, P.D. (1998). "Effaced Styginid Trilobites from the Silurian of New South Wales". Palaeontology. 41 (5): 853–896.
