Binche Palace

Last updated

Binche Palace
Palais de Binche (French)
0 Binche - Ruines du chateau et chapelle St-Andre.JPG
The unearthed ruins of Binche Palace
Binche Palace
Former namesBinche Castle
General information
Type Palace
Architectural style Renaissance
Town or city Binche
Country Belgium
Coordinates 50°24′29″N4°09′54″E / 50.40806°N 4.16500°E / 50.40806; 4.16500
Construction started1546 (1546)
Completed1549 (1549)
Client Queen Mary of Hungary
Design and construction
Architect(s) Jacques du Broeucq

Binche Palace (French : Palais de Binche) was a royal residence located in Binche, in today's Belgian province of Hainaut, Wallonia. The medieval castle and subsequent Renaissance palace served as residence for the counts of Hainaut, the dukes of Burgundy and the Habsburg rulers of the Netherlands.

Contents

The palace was built between 1546 and 1549 by order of Queen Mary of Hungary, governor of the Netherlands, and was one of the first Renaissance palaces in the Low Countries, intended to rival the French Palace of Fontainebleau. It was destroyed by soldiers of King Henry II of France in 1554. Nowadays, only some medieval walls and foundations of the castle and palace remain.

History

Medieval origins: Binche Castle

Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, also known as Baldwin the Builder, constructed the first castle in Binche in the 12th century. At the same time, he surrounded the city by large walls, which are almost entirely preserved till modern times. The château was known as the "Château de la Salles" during the 15th century. Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, restored the castle in 1461. Margaret of York, widow of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, received Binche as a dowry. She extended the castle around 1500. [1]

Mary of Hungary

Construction of the Renaissance palace

Queen Mary of Hungary became governor of the Netherlands in 1528. She often stayed in Binche, which soon became one of her favourite residences. Her brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, presented the city and the imperial estate of Binche to her in 1545. Mary decided to raze the medieval castle to the ground and to construct a magnificent and sumptuous palace in its place. It was one of the first Renaissance palaces in the Netherlands. The architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq was responsible for the design. He also constructed for Mary a hunting lodge close by to Binche in Morlanwelz, called the Château of Mariemont (literally, "Mary-Mount"). The construction of Binche Palace took three years, and the building looked very similar to a Renaissance castle earlier designed and constructed by Du Broeucq in Boussu. Of the old medieval castle, only the wing renovated by Margaret of York remained.

The palace complex consisted of two towers and a two-story main building and two additional one-story wings. In addition, there was a chapel. There were various halls, a grand and a small gallery, dining rooms, kitchens, stables and other buildings. Most impressive were the large hall on the first floor (30 by 13.5 metres) and the 'riche logis' of Mary (18 by 9 metres). The palace was hailed as one of the wonders of the world. [2]

The fire of 1554

In 1549, Mary organized the "Triumph of Binche" for her brother Charles V and her nephew, the future King Philip II. The year before, the aging emperor had decided to have his son recognized as successor by the various principalities that made up his realm. [3] On 22 August 1549, the Imperial procession arrived in Binche. The governor was aware of the importance of the event and organized a grand reception, intended to move the public. Parties, balls and tournaments followed each other for six days. On 28 August, the masquerade ball was in full swing in the great hall of the palace, when gentlemen disguised as "savages" suddenly kidnapped four ladies in medieval dress to Mariemont. The next day, in front of the whole court and with some 20,000 spectators from the surrounding area, a thousand men commanded by the prince of Piedmont and count of Ligne surrounded the palace, stormed it and freed the prisoners. When asked "who kidnapped them this way, they said they did not recognize them at first, but eventually found out they were their husbands". [3]

Shortly after these festivities, the old conflict between Spain and France flared up again. [3] In the spring of 1554, the Imperial army entered Picardy under the command of Adriaan van Croÿ, 1st Count of Roeulx, and ravaged the country up to 70 km from Paris. [3] They destroyed the palace of Folembray, the love nest of Henry II of France and Diana de Poitiers. [3] However, the French troops counterattacked. On 21 July, they raided Binche and Mariemont, whose palaces were set on fire in retaliation. Henry lit the fire himself and had a placard affixed to the ruins: "Queen of folly, remember Folembray!" [3]

Aftermath and destruction

Parts of Binche Palace were saved from destruction. Restoration work started already in 1554, but stopped when Mary left the Netherlands in 1556 to go to Spain together with her brother after his resignation. Upon return to Spain, Philip II was so impressed by Binche Palace that it also served as inspiration for the construction of the royal palaces in Aranjuez, El Pardo, and Valsain.

Under Archdukes Albert and Isabella of Austria, sovereign of the Netherlands, a restoration was attempted but failed to reach completion, as the palace of Mariemont was restored as well, and the palace of Binche fell out of grace. A number of sculpted pieces were sent to Mons (such as the entrance gate) or were reused in Binche itself. In the second half of the 17th century, the palace fell into ruins and around 1704, the palace was demolished. A public park was created on the remains in the 19th century.

Large parts of the palace were excavated and examined by the archaeological department of Wallonia in the 20th century.

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château</span> French term for a manor house

A château is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Binche</span> City and municipality in French Community, Belgium

Binche is a city and municipality of Wallonia, in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. Since 1977, the municipality consists of Binche, Bray, Buvrinnes, Épinois, Leval-Trahegnies, Péronnes-lez-Binche, Ressaix, and Waudrez districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilles Binchois</span> Franco-Flemish Renaissance composer (c. 1400–1460)

Gilles de Bins dit Binchois was a Franco-Flemish composer and singer of early Renaissance music. A central figure of the Burgundian School, Binchois is renowned a melodist and miniaturist; he generally avoided large scale works, and is most admired for his shorter secular chansons. He is generally ranked below his colleague Guillaume Du Fay and the English composer John Dunstaple, but together the three were the most celebrated composers of the early European Renaissance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuileries Palace</span> Royal and imperial palace in Paris

The Tuileries Palace was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henry IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burgundian School</span> 15th century European composers

The Burgundian School was a group of composers active in the 15th century in what is now northern and eastern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, centered on the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. The school inaugurated the music of Burgundy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Le Quesnoy</span> Commune in Hauts-de-France, France

Le Quesnoy is a commune and small town in the east of the Nord department of northern France. It was part of the historical province of French Hainaut. It is known for its fortifications, dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It had a significant shoemaking industry before the late 1940s, followed by a chemical factory and dairy, giving way to its weekly market, tourism, local commuting to elsewhere such as Valenciennes and local shops.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</span> Former royal palace in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France

The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a former royal palace in the commune of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, in the department of Yvelines, about 19 km west of Paris, France. Today, it houses the Musée d'Archéologie nationale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palace of Coudenberg</span> Former royal residence in Brussels, Belgium

The Palace of Coudenberg was a royal residence situated on the Coudenberg or Koudenberg, a small hill in what is today the Royal Quarter of Brussels, Belgium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laurent-Benoît Dewez</span> Belgian architect (1731–1812)

Laurent-Benoît Dewez was a Belgian architect of Walloon origin. He is considered the most influential architect in the Austrian Netherlands from the second half of the 18th century. His architectural projects are of international stature and introduced a neoclassical style, with Italian and English influences, to the region. He designed a large number of châteaux, abbeys and churches in Belgium, many of which were damaged after the French Revolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacques du Broeucq</span>

Jacques du Broeucq was a sculptor and architect from Southern Netherlands, who is believed to have spent c. 1530-35 in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Havré Castle</span>

Havré Castle is a ruined castle in the village of Havré in the town of Mons, province of Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solre-sur-Sambre Castle</span>

Solre-sur-Sambre Castle is a water castle in Solre-sur-Sambre in the municipality of Erquelinnes, province of Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium. It is one of the oldest fortified castles in Hainaut, and the property of the Princes de Merode.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palace of the Dukes of Lorraine</span> Monument historique in Nancy, France

The Ducal Palace of Nancy is a former princely residence in Nancy, France, which was home to the Dukes of Lorraine. It houses the Musée Lorrain, one of Nancy's principal museums, dedicated to the art, history and popular traditions of Lorraine until the early 20th century. It has been listed since 1840 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambron Abbey</span> Former abbey in Brugelette, Hainaut, Belgium

Cambron Abbey was a Cistercian abbey in Cambron-Casteau, in the municipality of Brugelette, Hainaut, Belgium. It was located on the river Blanche, a tributary of the Dender, about 9 km (5.6 mi) to the south-east of Ath. Dissolved in 1782, parts of the abbey still survive as ruins within Pairi Daiza zoo and botanical garden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikolaus Gromann</span>

Nikolaus Gromann was an architect of the German Renaissance who served at the court of John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony. He also worked for John Frederick's descendants residing in the cities of Weimar, Gotha and Altenburg, thus spending more than 30 years in the service of the House of Wettin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cour Carrée</span> Courtyard of the Louvre Palace in Paris

The Cour Carrée is one of the main courtyards of the Louvre Palace in Paris. The wings surrounding it were built gradually, as the walls of the medieval Louvre were progressively demolished in favour of a Renaissance palace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medieval Louvre Castle</span> Demolished castle in Paris, France

The Louvre Castle, also referred to as the Medieval Louvre, was a castle begun by Philip II of France on the right bank of the Seine, to reinforce the city wall he had built around Paris. Over time, it was expanded but was generally demolished above ground in stages between 1528 and 1660 to make way for expanding the Louvre Palace, while some parts of the castle's foundations were incorporated in construction of the later palace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château of Mariemont</span> Former royal residence in Mariemont, Belgium

The Château of Mariemont was a royal residence and hunting lodge for the governors of the Habsburg Netherlands. It was located in Mariemont, in today's village of Morlanwelz, Belgium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château de Beaumont</span> Former castle of the Croÿ family in Beaumont, Belgium

The Château de Beaumont was a castle in Beaumont, Belgium. In the 15th century, it became the main seat of the House of Croÿ, dukes of Aarschot. They turned the castle fortress into a palatial renaissance structure of unparalleled luxury and magnificence. The palace had its heyday under prince-duke Charles III de Croÿ, an avid collector, who filled its halls and galleries with an outstanding art collection. In 1655, the castle was destroyed by the French army of Turenne. Nowadays, only one tower remains of the complex, the Salamander tower. It is opened to the public and tells the story of a bygone time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château de Folembray</span> Former royal palace in France

The Folembray Palace was located in the village of Folembray in northern France. Constructed in renaissance style, the château was part of the royal domains, and a favorite hunting lodge of the French kings. Demolished in the 17th century, nothing remains anymore of this palace.

References

  1. Article on Binche Castle on www.castles.nl - accessed on 28 April 2019
  2. Jacqueline Kerkhoff, Maria van Hongarije en haar hof 1505-1558: tot plichtsbetrachting uitverkoren (Hilversum) 2008
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wellens, Robert (1961). "Le domaine de Mariemont au XVIe siècle (1546-1598)". Annales du cercle archéologique de Mons (in French): 79–184.