Brazza River Sungai Brazza, A-rivier, Braza-rivier, Braxxa, Brazzard Rivier, Brazza River, Sungai Bratta, Brazza, A. of Brazza-rivier | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | Indonesia |
Province | Papua |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | Maoke Mountains, Indonesia |
Mouth | Pulau River |
• location | Indonesia |
The Brazza River is a river in Papua province, Indonesia. [1] The Brazza River has its source at over 3000 meters of elevation in the Jayawijaya or Maoke Mountains of central Papua in Yahukimo Regency, and flows south to the lowland rainforests of Asmat Regency before meeting the Pulau River (or Eilanden River. [2] ), which flows southeast to the Arafura Sea.
The Brazza watershed is known to be the residence of the Asmat tribe, specifically the Brazza tribe, one of the Asmat sub-tribes as well as Citak tribe, which is recorded to inhabit the area of Citak Mitak (Senggo) Subdistrict along this river. [3] Asmat people live in southern Papua, around the big rivers of Aswets, Bets, Pomats, Undir, Sirets and Brazza, all of which flow to the Arafuru Sea (formerly: Irian Bay). [3] The rivers can be navigated far inland, up to about 50 km when the tide rises. Because it was watered by many rivers, the land became very large swamps, which were not useful for agriculture and caused the Asmat people to be isolated for a long time. However, in this place they can get enough food, especially from sago trees that grow wild and abundantly everywhere, as well as game animals, such as wild boar, cassowary, cuscus, various kinds of birds, and various kinds of fish and shrimp in the river. [3] Asmat people establish settlements and villages on the banks of the river, because the river is the most important means of transportation, and makes it easy to detect the arrival of other people who approach their village. [3] Asmat people can actually divided into several sub-ethnic groups, including: Unisirau, Bismam, Simai, Emari-Ducur, Betch-Mbup, Kaimo, Safan, Brazza and Joerat. [3]
In the upstream of the Brazza river, to the west of the upstream of Digul River, lived the Citak tribe, to the east of the Asmat tribe, and to the north of the Awyu people. Their language has similarities with the Asmat language, so some scholars tend to classify them as one of the Asmat sub-tribes. [3] Another tribe, the Korowai, also inhabits the upstream of the Brazza river in the south Jayawijaya Mountains, to the northeast of the Asmat tribe, to the west of Senggo. This area is part of the Kouh and Citak Mitak (Senggo) Districts in Merauke Regency. [3]
The boundaries of the Asmat tribe with other inland tribes such as the Kombai, Korowai, Citak and others are marked by the Brazza river and the foot of the Central Mountains. [4]
The Asmat Brazza tribe, which lives on the banks of the Brazza river at the foot of the Jayawijaya Mountains, is famous for its 'mbis' sculpture, which the 'mbis' head is uniquely made separate from the body that makes the art of this tribal craft different and highly valuable. [5]
Dekai, the capital of Yahukimo Regency, is a new town built since 2008 on the east bank of the Brazza river. Nop Goliat Dekai Airport is immediately southeast of the Brazza River, on the north side of Dekai. To the south of town, a river port, Longpon, at the border of Yahukimo and Asmat regencies, provides cargo service for Dekai district and villages near the Brazza river. [6]
In the mountains, the Brazza river flows past the villages of the Kimyal people near Sela, where it is known as the Thay river. [7] The Momuna people live in Sumo and Dekai districts on both sides of the Brazza river in the lowland rainforest to the south. [8] South of the Momuna, the Asmat people, known for their wood carvings and bark paintings, live along the lower reaches of the Brazza river [5] [9]
The river flows in the southern area of Papua with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). [10] The annual average temperature in the area is 21 °C. The warmest month is February, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is June, at 18 °C. [11] The average annual rainfall is 6178 mm. The wettest month is May, with an average of 721 mm rainfall, and the driest is July, with 432 mm rainfall. [12]
The Korowai, also called the Kolufo, are the people who live in southeastern Papua in the Indonesian provinces of South Papua and Highland Papua. Specifically their tribal area is split by the borders of Boven Digoel Regency, Mappi Regency, Asmat Regency, and Yahukimo Regency. They number about 3,000 people.
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, is the western, Indonesian half of the island of New Guinea. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua, the region is also called West Papua.
Citak or Kaunak is the Papuan language of Citak-Mitak subdistrict (Kecamatan), Mappi Regency, Indonesia. It is called by its speaker Kau Adagum, Citak is an exonym from the tribe Auyu. Tamnim Citak is a distinct dialect. Diuwe is unverified as a language.
Momuna (Momina), also known as Somahai, is a Papuan language spoken in Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua and Asmat Regency, South Papua, Indonesia.
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Nalca is a Papuan language spoken in Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia. Alternative names are Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimnyal (Kimyal). The latter is most often used for Korupun-Sela. Indonesian Kemendikbud classified Nalca as Mek Nalca, while Kimyal is used for Korupun-Sela.
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Dekai is a town in the province of Highland Papua, Indonesia, and the actual administrative center of Yahukimo Regency. The official administrative center of Yahukimo Regency is Sumohai. Sumohai is located 25 kilometers north of Dekai, and due to the lack of infrastructure in Sumohai, the administrative center of Yahukimo Regency is in Dekai. In the 2010 census, Dekai's Suma District had a total of 3,419 people.
South Papua, officially the South Papua Province, is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of Papuan customary region of Anim Ha. Formally established on 11 November 2022 and including the four most southern regencies that were previously part of the province of Papua and before 11 December 2002 were all part of a larger Merauke Regency, it covers an area of 117,849.16 km2. It had a population of 522,215 according to the official estimates for mid 2022, making it the least populous province in Indonesia.
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