Brooskampers

Last updated

Brooskampers
Bakabusi Nengre
Total population
n/a
Languages
Sranan Tongo, Dutch
formerly: undefined English based creole
Religion
Roman Catholic & Winti
Related ethnic groups
Saramaka, Aluku

The Brooskampers (also: Bakabusi Nengre) were a Maroon people, descendants of runaway African slaves, living in the forested interior of Suriname. The tribe is related to the Saramaka, and originated from Loango-Angola. [1] The Brooskampers gained autonomy in 1863, but sold their land in 1917.

Contents

History

In the 1740s, the tribe lived in the swamps near Surnau Creek [2] in a camp founded by Tata Kukudabi. [3] In 1772, part of the tribe left and joined the Aluku. [2] In 1862, escaped slaves from plantation Rac à Rac joined the Brooskampers. This was during the preparations of the planned emancipation of the slaves, and therefore the existence of another tribe worried the government. [4] The population of Brooskampers was estimated at about 200 people. [2] At first the government tried to attack them, however the troops got bogged down in the swamp, and had to retreat. [2]

Rorac
Former village & plantation
Suriname location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Rorac
Location in Suriname
Coordinates: 5°39′10″N55°02′55″W / 5.6527°N 55.0485°W / 5.6527; -55.0485
Country Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname
District Commewijne District
Resort Meerzorg
Government
 • CaptainBroos
 • CaptainKaliko
Area
[5] [6]
 • Total9.16 km2 (3.54 sq mi)
Population
 (1862) [2]
 • Totalca.200
Time zone UTC-3
Church in Rorac (1900) Church at plantation rorac.png
Church in Rorac (1900)

On 2 September 1863, a peace treaty was signed offering the tribe the abandoned plantations Klaverblad and Rorac. [7] [5] No granman (paramount chief) was appointed instead Broos and his brother Kaliko were installed as kabitens (captains). [5]

At first they didn't trust the colonists and hid in the forest behind Klaverblad, however in 1874 the Brooskampers settled at the plantations. [8] In 1891, a temporary church was opened by the Catholic priests who were in Bethesda on the other side of the Suriname River. In 1898, a school was opened, and in 1900, a real church was finished. [8] Klaverblad is no longer mentioned during the 20th century. The almanac of 1910, lists Klaverblad as owned by J. Braumuller. Rorac, on the other hand, is owned by Johannes Babel, the son of Broos and his successor as kabiten. The plantation produced cacao, corn and rice. [9]

Road surfacing material which was purchased from the village, contained bauxite. [10] In 1917, [7] kabiten Johannes Babel and Alcoa negotiated a deal which was accepted by the tribe, [11] the lands were sold, and the people settled in Tout-Lui-Faut near Paramaribo. [7] In 1920, the last 20 inhabitants were asked to leave and given a ƒ 500,- (€2,800 in 2018 [12] ) moving premium. [13]

In 2011, Alcoa ceased bauxite production at the site. [14] Ronald Babel, one of the descendants, and other family members had restored the damaged graves at the plantation, [1] and erected a Winti shrine at the site. [15]

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

The early history of Suriname dates from 3000 BCE when Native Americans first inhabited the area. The Dutch acquired Suriname from the English, and European settlement in any numbers dates from the 17th century, when it was a plantation colony utilizing slavery for sugar cultivation. With abolition in the late 19th century, planters sought labor from China, Madeira, India, and Indonesia, which was also colonized by the Dutch. Dutch is Suriname's official language. Owing to its diverse population, it has also developed a creole language, Sranan Tongo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marowijne District</span> District of Suriname

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluku</span> Maroon nation in Suriname and French Guiana

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paramaccan people</span> Maroon ethnic group of northeast Suriname

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The Kwinti are a Maroon people, descendants of runaway African slaves, living in the forested interior of Suriname on the bank of the Coppename River, and the eponymous term for their language, which has fewer than 300 speakers. Their language is an English-based creole with Dutch, Portuguese and other influences. It is similar to the languages spoken by the Aluku and Paramaccan Maroons, and split from Sranan Tongo in the middle 18th century. The Kwinti had a population of about 300 in 2014 and adhere to the Moravian Church.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granman</span> Paramount chiefs of Maroon nations in Suriname

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katwijk, Suriname</span> Coffee plantation and village in Commewijne District, Suriname

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References

  1. 1 2 "Rorac; een Surinaams volksliedje nader belicht". Suriname.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Edwin Marshall. "De Brooskampers". NAKS Suriname (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Tweede gedeelte: de boschnegers". Delpher.nl. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië. 1903. p. 530. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  4. ↑ Scholtens 1994, p. 33.
  5. 1 2 3 "Plantage Rorac". Suriname Plantages (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  6. ↑ "Plantage Claverblad" (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 July 2020. 1,130 Surinamese acres for Klaverblad + 1,000 for Rorac = 2,130 x 0.43 (hectares/sr acre) ÷ 100 (hectares->km) = 9.16 km2
  7. 1 2 3 Scholtens 1994, p. 34.
  8. 1 2 3 "Rorac". Suriname.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  9. ↑ "Surinaamsche Almanak voor het Jaar 1910". Digital Library for Dutch Literature (in Dutch). 1909. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  10. ↑ "Aluminium". Canon van Nederland (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  11. ↑ "Twee Amerikanen onderhandelen met de eigenaren van Onoribo en De Vrijheid". De West via Delpher (in Dutch). 26 June 1950. Retrieved 30 July 2020. Referred to both as captain and granman in the newspaper article
  12. ↑ "De waarde van de gulden / euro". Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis (in Dutch). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  13. ↑ "Rorac". De Surinamer via Delpher (in Dutch). 12 February 1920. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  14. ↑ "Notulen". Rorac Association (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  15. ↑ "Fotoalbum". Rorac Association. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

Bibliography

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