CHD4

Last updated
CHD4
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases CHD4 , CHD-4, Mi-2b, Mi2-BETA, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4, SIHIWES
External IDs OMIM: 603277 MGI: 1344380 HomoloGene: 68175 GeneCards: CHD4
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001273
NM_001297553
NM_001363606

NM_145979
NM_001346610

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001264
NP_001284482
NP_001350535

Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 6.57 – 6.61 Mb Chr 6: 125.07 – 125.11 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene. [5] [6] [7] CHD4 is the core nucleosome-remodelling component of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. [8] [9] [10]

Function

The product of this gene belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. It represents the main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex and plays an important role in epigenetic transcriptional repression. Patients with dermatomyositis develop antibodies against this protein. [7]

Interactions

CHD4 has been shown to interact with HDAC1, [11] [12] [13] Histone deacetylase 2, [13] [14] [15] MTA2, [11] SATB1 [16] and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related. [15]

Clinical

Mutations in this gene have been associated with a condition known as Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome. [17] This condition is characterized by

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histone acetylation and deacetylation</span>

Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.

Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. Besides actively regulating gene expression, dynamic remodeling of chromatin imparts an epigenetic regulatory role in several key biological processes, egg cells DNA replication and repair; apoptosis; chromosome segregation as well as development and pluripotency. Aberrations in chromatin remodeling proteins are found to be associated with human diseases, including cancer. Targeting chromatin remodeling pathways is currently evolving as a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histone deacetylase 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the core histones. As such, it plays an important role in gene expression by facilitating the formation of transcription repressor complexes and for this reason is often considered an important target for cancer therapy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone deacetylase 3 is an enzyme encoded by the HDAC3 gene in both humans and mice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIN3A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIN3A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RBBP4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone-binding protein RBBP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC4</span>

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone deacetylase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC6 gene. HDAC6 has emerged as a highly promising candidate to selectively inhibit as a therapeutic strategy to combat several types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RBBP7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone-binding protein RBBP7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histone deacetylase 5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Histone deacetylase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHD3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MBD3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EIF3A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3a) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF3A gene. It is one of the subunits of Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) a multiprotein complex playing major roles in translation initiation in eukaryotes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SAP30</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sin3A-associated protein, 30kDa, also known as SAP30, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SAP30 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MTA2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Metastasis-associated protein MTA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHD1</span> Chromatin remodeling protein that is widely conserved across many eukaryotic organisms

The Chromodomain-Helicase DNA-binding 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHD1 gene. CHD1 is a chromatin remodeling protein that is widely conserved across many eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. CHD1 is named for three of its protein domains: two tandem chromodomains, its ATPase catalytic domain, and its DNA-binding domain.

In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRDcomplex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. As of 2007, Mi-2/NuRD was the only known protein complex that couples chromatin remodeling ATPase and chromatin deacetylation enzymatic functions.

Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers). All remodelers fall under the umbrella of RNA/DNA helicase superfamily 2. In yeast, CHD complexes are primarily responsible for nucleosome assembly and organization. These complexes play an additional role in multicellular eukaryotes, assisting in chromatin access and nucleosome editing.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111642 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063870 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Seelig HP, Moosbrugger I, Ehrfeld H, Fink T, Renz M, Genth E (October 1995). "The major dermatomyositis-specific Mi-2 autoantigen is a presumed helicase involved in transcriptional activation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 38 (10): 1389–1399. doi:10.1002/art.1780381006. PMID   7575689.
  6. Seelig HP, Renz M, Targoff IN, Ge Q, Frank MB (October 1996). "Two forms of the major antigenic protein of the dermatomyositis-specific Mi-2 autoantigen". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 39 (10): 1769–1771. doi:10.1002/art.1780391029. PMID   8843877.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CHD4 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4".
  8. Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (October 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–921. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID   9804427.
  9. Xue Y, Wong J, Moreno GT, Young MK, Côté J, Wang W (December 1998). "NURD, a novel complex with both ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling and histone deacetylase activities". Molecular Cell. 2 (6): 851–861. doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80299-3 . PMID   9885572.
  10. Zhang Y, LeRoy G, Seelig HP, Lane WS, Reinberg D (October 1998). "The dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen Mi2 is a component of a complex containing histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling activities". Cell. 95 (2): 279–289. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81758-4 . PMID   9790534.
  11. 1 2 Yao YL, Yang WM (October 2003). "The metastasis-associated proteins 1 and 2 form distinct protein complexes with histone deacetylase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 42560–42568. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302955200 . PMID   12920132.
  12. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL (April 1999). "Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (9): 4868–4873. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4868G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.4868 . PMC   21783 . PMID   10220385.
  13. 1 2 Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (October 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–921. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..917T. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID   9804427. S2CID   4355885.
  14. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R (February 2003). "A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (9): 7234–7239. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208992200. PMID   12493763.
  15. 1 2 Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL (November 1999). "Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4". Biochemistry. 38 (44): 14711–14717. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.559.7745 . doi:10.1021/bi991614n. PMID   10545197.
  16. Yasui D, Miyano M, Cai S, Varga-Weisz P, Kohwi-Shigematsu T (October 2002). "SATB1 targets chromatin remodelling to regulate genes over long distances". Nature. 419 (6907): 641–645. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..641Y. doi:10.1038/nature01084. PMID   12374985. S2CID   25822700.
  17. Weiss K, Lazar HP, Kurolap A, Martinez AF, Paperna T, Cohen L, Smeland MF, Wallen S, Solveig H, Keren B, Terhal P, Irving M, Takaku M, Roberts JD, Petrovich RM, Schrier Vergano SA11,12, Kenney A11, Hove H13, DeChene E, Quinonez SC, Colin E, Ziegler A, Rumple M, Jain M, Monteil D, Roeder ER, Nugent K, van Haeringen A, Gambello M, Santani A, Medne L, Krock B, Skraban CM, Zackai EH, Dubbs HA, Smol T, Ghoumid J, Parker M, Wright M, Turnpenny P, Clayton-Smith J, Metcalfe K, Kurumizaka H, Gelb BD, Baris Feldman H, Campeau PM34, Muenke M5, Wade PA, Lachlan K (2019) The CHD4-related syndrome: a comprehensive investigation of the clinical spectrum, genotype-phenotype correlations, and molecular basis. Genet Med

Further reading