Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene. [5] [6] [7] CHD4 is the core nucleosome-remodelling component of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. [8] [9] [10]
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene. [5] [6] [7] CHD4 is the core nucleosome-remodelling component of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. [8] [9] [10]
The product of this gene belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. It represents the main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex and plays an important role in epigenetic transcriptional repression. Patients with dermatomyositis develop antibodies against this protein. [7]
CHD4 has been shown to interact with HDAC1, [11] [12] [13] Histone deacetylase 2, [13] [14] [15] MTA2, [11] SATB1 [16] and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related. [15]
Mutations in this gene have been associated with a condition known as Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome. [17] This condition is characterized by
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. Besides actively regulating gene expression, dynamic remodeling of chromatin imparts an epigenetic regulatory role in several key biological processes, egg cells DNA replication and repair; apoptosis; chromosome segregation as well as development and pluripotency. Aberrations in chromatin remodeling proteins are found to be associated with human diseases, including cancer. Targeting chromatin remodeling pathways is currently evolving as a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several cancers.
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the core histones. As such, it plays an important role in gene expression by facilitating the formation of transcription repressor complexes and for this reason is often considered an important target for cancer therapy.
Histone deacetylase 3 is an enzyme encoded by the HDAC3 gene in both humans and mice.
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIN3A gene.
Histone-binding protein RBBP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP4 gene.
Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD2 gene.
Histone deacetylase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC6 gene. HDAC6 has emerged as a highly promising candidate to selectively inhibit as a therapeutic strategy to combat several types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Histone-binding protein RBBP7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP7 gene.
Histone deacetylase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC5 gene.
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD3 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD3 gene.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3a) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF3A gene. It is one of the subunits of Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) a multiprotein complex playing major roles in translation initiation in eukaryotes.
Sin3A-associated protein, 30kDa, also known as SAP30, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SAP30 gene.
Metastasis-associated protein MTA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA2 gene.
The Chromodomain-Helicase DNA-binding 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHD1 gene. CHD1 is a chromatin remodeling protein that is widely conserved across many eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. CHD1 is named for three of its protein domains: two tandem chromodomains, its ATPase catalytic domain, and its DNA-binding domain.
In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRDcomplex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. As of 2007, Mi-2/NuRD was the only known protein complex that couples chromatin remodeling ATPase and chromatin deacetylation enzymatic functions.
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers). All remodelers fall under the umbrella of RNA/DNA helicase superfamily 2. In yeast, CHD complexes are primarily responsible for nucleosome assembly and organization. These complexes play an additional role in multicellular eukaryotes, assisting in chromatin access and nucleosome editing.
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